Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in Rana pipiens Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms
Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ a...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Environmental health perspectives 2010-04, Vol.118 (4), p.552-557 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , , , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 557 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 4 |
| container_start_page | 552 |
| container_title | Environmental health perspectives |
| container_volume | 118 |
| creator | Langlois, Valérie S. Carew, Amanda C. Pauli, Bruce D. Wade, Michael G. Cooke, Gerard M. Trudeau, Vance L. |
| description | Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Methods: Tadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 μg/L of formulated ATZ from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂; 1.5 μg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose. Results: Gonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-μg/L ATZ treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of EE₂-treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either ATZ groups. ATZ increased brain estrogen receptor α mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5β-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. ATZ treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout—vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that ATZ decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis. Conclusions: Our study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of ATZ in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1289/ehp.0901418 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>gale_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2854734</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><galeid>A224912368</galeid><jstor_id>25653847</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>A224912368</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-62f086b242d401114b89f0bcfb9e24532166df66877071569b5f623c611f5b693</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqN0lFv0zAQAOAIgVgZPPEMMkIgIZRiO7GTvCBVE7BJRZXawavlOJfGU2oH2xmDf8C_xlXLtkp9QHlI5PvuktxdkjwneEpoWX2AbpjiCpOclA-SCWGMplVF84fJBOOKpLzg7CR54v0VxpiUnD9OTijOeEloMUn-zO1PNIdr6D2yLQodoHNwtVa6ATQLTv7WJj70ARxawQ1ayqCtR9I0aAnNqAB9hSA31g2dVmg1KgXeI20iNBINetBgPLqUzWB78PFUe2i28cUYGmtdTPdWWb_xT5NHrew9PNvfT5Nvnz9dnp2n88WXi7PZPFWc05By2uKS1zSnTY4JIXldVi2uVVtXQHOWUcJ503JeFgUuCONVzVpOM8UJaVnNq-w0-birO4z1BhoFJv5lLwanN9L9ElZqcRgxuhNrey1oyfIiy2OBV_sCzv4YwQdxZUdn4jeLMvY9KyiN5vXOrGUPQpvWxlJqo70SM0rzitA4gKjSI2oNBuJ7rYFWx-MDPz3i49XARqujCe8OEqIJcBPWcvReXKyW_28X3w_t23u2A9mHztt-jLth_CF8v4PKWe8dtLd9Jlhst1fE7RX77Y365f3R3Np_6xrBmz2QXsm-ddIo7e8cZQWr2Lb9L3buygfr7uKMs6yMQ_wLVUf9Mg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>89243722</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in Rana pipiens Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms</title><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>PubMed Central Open Access</source><creator>Langlois, Valérie S. ; Carew, Amanda C. ; Pauli, Bruce D. ; Wade, Michael G. ; Cooke, Gerard M. ; Trudeau, Vance L.</creator><creatorcontrib>Langlois, Valérie S. ; Carew, Amanda C. ; Pauli, Bruce D. ; Wade, Michael G. ; Cooke, Gerard M. ; Trudeau, Vance L.</creatorcontrib><description>Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Methods: Tadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 μg/L of formulated ATZ from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂; 1.5 μg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose. Results: Gonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-μg/L ATZ treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of EE₂-treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either ATZ groups. ATZ increased brain estrogen receptor α mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5β-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. ATZ treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout—vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that ATZ decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis. Conclusions: Our study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of ATZ in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0091-6765</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1552-9924</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1289/ehp.0901418</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20368127</identifier><identifier>CODEN: EVHPAZ</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Research Triangle Park, NC: National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</publisher><subject>Amphibians ; Animal, plant and microbial ecology ; Animals ; Applied ecology ; Atrazine ; Atrazine - toxicity ; Biological and medical sciences ; Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution ; Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates ; Female ; Female animals ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression ; Health aspects ; Herbicides - toxicity ; Larva - drug effects ; Larva - physiology ; Liver ; Male ; Male animals ; Medical sciences ; Messenger RNA ; Metamorphosis ; Metamorphosis, Biological - drug effects ; Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology ; Rana pipiens - physiology ; Reptilia. Amphibia ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sex Ratio ; Tadpoles ; Toxicology</subject><ispartof>Environmental health perspectives, 2010-04, Vol.118 (4), p.552-557</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2010 National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</rights><rights>Copyright National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences Apr 2010</rights><rights>2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-62f086b242d401114b89f0bcfb9e24532166df66877071569b5f623c611f5b693</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-62f086b242d401114b89f0bcfb9e24532166df66877071569b5f623c611f5b693</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25653847$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25653847$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,860,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22575952$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368127$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Langlois, Valérie S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carew, Amanda C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauli, Bruce D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wade, Michael G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooke, Gerard M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trudeau, Vance L.</creatorcontrib><title>Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in Rana pipiens Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms</title><title>Environmental health perspectives</title><addtitle>Environ Health Perspect</addtitle><description>Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Methods: Tadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 μg/L of formulated ATZ from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂; 1.5 μg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose. Results: Gonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-μg/L ATZ treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of EE₂-treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either ATZ groups. ATZ increased brain estrogen receptor α mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5β-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. ATZ treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout—vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that ATZ decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis. Conclusions: Our study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of ATZ in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens.</description><subject>Amphibians</subject><subject>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Applied ecology</subject><subject>Atrazine</subject><subject>Atrazine - toxicity</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</subject><subject>Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Female animals</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Herbicides - toxicity</subject><subject>Larva - drug effects</subject><subject>Larva - physiology</subject><subject>Liver</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Male animals</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Messenger RNA</subject><subject>Metamorphosis</subject><subject>Metamorphosis, Biological - drug effects</subject><subject>Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology</subject><subject>Rana pipiens - physiology</subject><subject>Reptilia. Amphibia</subject><subject>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</subject><subject>Sex Ratio</subject><subject>Tadpoles</subject><subject>Toxicology</subject><issn>0091-6765</issn><issn>1552-9924</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0lFv0zAQAOAIgVgZPPEMMkIgIZRiO7GTvCBVE7BJRZXawavlOJfGU2oH2xmDf8C_xlXLtkp9QHlI5PvuktxdkjwneEpoWX2AbpjiCpOclA-SCWGMplVF84fJBOOKpLzg7CR54v0VxpiUnD9OTijOeEloMUn-zO1PNIdr6D2yLQodoHNwtVa6ATQLTv7WJj70ARxawQ1ayqCtR9I0aAnNqAB9hSA31g2dVmg1KgXeI20iNBINetBgPLqUzWB78PFUe2i28cUYGmtdTPdWWb_xT5NHrew9PNvfT5Nvnz9dnp2n88WXi7PZPFWc05By2uKS1zSnTY4JIXldVi2uVVtXQHOWUcJ503JeFgUuCONVzVpOM8UJaVnNq-w0-birO4z1BhoFJv5lLwanN9L9ElZqcRgxuhNrey1oyfIiy2OBV_sCzv4YwQdxZUdn4jeLMvY9KyiN5vXOrGUPQpvWxlJqo70SM0rzitA4gKjSI2oNBuJ7rYFWx-MDPz3i49XARqujCe8OEqIJcBPWcvReXKyW_28X3w_t23u2A9mHztt-jLth_CF8v4PKWe8dtLd9Jlhst1fE7RX77Y365f3R3Np_6xrBmz2QXsm-ddIo7e8cZQWr2Lb9L3buygfr7uKMs6yMQ_wLVUf9Mg</recordid><startdate>20100401</startdate><enddate>20100401</enddate><creator>Langlois, Valérie S.</creator><creator>Carew, Amanda C.</creator><creator>Pauli, Bruce D.</creator><creator>Wade, Michael G.</creator><creator>Cooke, Gerard M.</creator><creator>Trudeau, Vance L.</creator><general>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</general><general>US Department of Health and Human Services</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>IOV</scope><scope>ISR</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>L6V</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7S</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PTHSS</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20100401</creationdate><title>Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in Rana pipiens Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms</title><author>Langlois, Valérie S. ; Carew, Amanda C. ; Pauli, Bruce D. ; Wade, Michael G. ; Cooke, Gerard M. ; Trudeau, Vance L.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c662t-62f086b242d401114b89f0bcfb9e24532166df66877071569b5f623c611f5b693</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Amphibians</topic><topic>Animal, plant and microbial ecology</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Applied ecology</topic><topic>Atrazine</topic><topic>Atrazine - toxicity</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution</topic><topic>Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Female animals</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Herbicides - toxicity</topic><topic>Larva - drug effects</topic><topic>Larva - physiology</topic><topic>Liver</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Male animals</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Messenger RNA</topic><topic>Metamorphosis</topic><topic>Metamorphosis, Biological - drug effects</topic><topic>Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology</topic><topic>Rana pipiens - physiology</topic><topic>Reptilia. Amphibia</topic><topic>Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction</topic><topic>Sex Ratio</topic><topic>Tadpoles</topic><topic>Toxicology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Langlois, Valérie S.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carew, Amanda C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pauli, Bruce D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wade, Michael G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cooke, Gerard M.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Trudeau, Vance L.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Opposing Viewpoints</collection><collection>Gale In Context: Science</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Technology Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Materials Science & Engineering Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Technology Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Engineering Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Environmental Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>Engineering Collection</collection><collection>Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Environmental health perspectives</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Langlois, Valérie S.</au><au>Carew, Amanda C.</au><au>Pauli, Bruce D.</au><au>Wade, Michael G.</au><au>Cooke, Gerard M.</au><au>Trudeau, Vance L.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in Rana pipiens Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms</atitle><jtitle>Environmental health perspectives</jtitle><addtitle>Environ Health Perspect</addtitle><date>2010-04-01</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>118</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>552</spage><epage>557</epage><pages>552-557</pages><issn>0091-6765</issn><eissn>1552-9924</eissn><coden>EVHPAZ</coden><abstract>Background: There are conflicting reports regarding the effects of atrazine (ATZ) on amphibian development. Therefore, further studies are needed to examine the potential mechanisms of action of ATZ in amphibians. Objectives: Our aim in this study was to determine whether low concentrations of ATZ affect gonadal development and metamorphosis in the Northern leopard frog, Rana pipiens. Methods: Tadpoles were exposed in outdoor mesocosms to nominal concentrations of 0.1 and 1.8 μg/L of formulated ATZ from Gosner stage 27 (G27) to metamorphic climax (G42). Exposure to 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE₂; 1.5 μg/L) provided a positive control for induction of testicular oocytes in males. Endocrine-related gene expression and gonadal histopathology were examined at G42 and in a subset of premetamorphic G34 tadpoles that failed to metamorphose. Results: Gonadal gross morphology revealed that the 1.8-μg/L ATZ treatment produced 20% more females compared with the control. Histologic analysis revealed that 22% of EE₂-treated males had testicular oocytes, whereas none were observed in any animals from the control or either ATZ groups. ATZ increased brain estrogen receptor α mRNA to 2.5 times that of the control at premetamorphosis and altered liver levels of 5β-reductase activity at metamorphosis. In contrast, brain aromatase mRNA level and activity did not change. ATZ treatments significantly reduced metamorphic success (number of animals reaching metamorphosis) without affecting body weight, snout—vent length, or age at metamorphosis. Gene expression analysis indicated that ATZ decreased the expression of deiodinase type 3 in the tail at premetamorphosis. Conclusions: Our study indicates that exposure to low concentrations of ATZ in experimental mesocosms alters gonadal differentiation and metamorphosis in developing R. pipiens.</abstract><cop>Research Triangle Park, NC</cop><pub>National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences</pub><pmid>20368127</pmid><doi>10.1289/ehp.0901418</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0091-6765 |
| ispartof | Environmental health perspectives, 2010-04, Vol.118 (4), p.552-557 |
| issn | 0091-6765 1552-9924 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2854734 |
| source | Jstor Complete Legacy; MEDLINE; DOAJ Directory of Open Access Journals; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; PubMed Central Open Access |
| subjects | Amphibians Animal, plant and microbial ecology Animals Applied ecology Atrazine Atrazine - toxicity Biological and medical sciences Ecotoxicology, biological effects of pollution Effects of pollution and side effects of pesticides on vertebrates Female Female animals Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression Health aspects Herbicides - toxicity Larva - drug effects Larva - physiology Liver Male Male animals Medical sciences Messenger RNA Metamorphosis Metamorphosis, Biological - drug effects Pesticides, fertilizers and other agrochemicals toxicology Rana pipiens - physiology Reptilia. Amphibia Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Sex Ratio Tadpoles Toxicology |
| title | Low Levels of the Herbicide Atrazine Alter Sex Ratios and Reduce Metamorphic Success in Rana pipiens Tadpoles Raised in Outdoor Mesocosms |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-02T00%3A30%3A06IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-gale_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Low%20Levels%20of%20the%20Herbicide%20Atrazine%20Alter%20Sex%20Ratios%20and%20Reduce%20Metamorphic%20Success%20in%20Rana%20pipiens%20Tadpoles%20Raised%20in%20Outdoor%20Mesocosms&rft.jtitle=Environmental%20health%20perspectives&rft.au=Langlois,%20Val%C3%A9rie%20S.&rft.date=2010-04-01&rft.volume=118&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=552&rft.epage=557&rft.pages=552-557&rft.issn=0091-6765&rft.eissn=1552-9924&rft.coden=EVHPAZ&rft_id=info:doi/10.1289/ehp.0901418&rft_dat=%3Cgale_pubme%3EA224912368%3C/gale_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=89243722&rft_id=info:pmid/20368127&rft_galeid=A224912368&rft_jstor_id=25653847&rfr_iscdi=true |