Acanthopanax koreanum Fruit Waste Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 Macrophages
The Acanthopanax koreanum fruit is a popular fruit in Jeju Island, but the byproducts of the alcoholic beverage prepared using this fruit are major agricultural wastes. The fermentability of this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of usi...
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| creator | Moon, Ji-Young Yang, Eun-Jin Lee, Jung-Soon Koh, Jaesook Lee, Nam Ho Hyun, Chang-Gu |
| description | The Acanthopanax koreanum fruit is a popular fruit in Jeju Island, but the byproducts of the alcoholic beverage prepared using this fruit are major agricultural wastes. The fermentability of this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of using A. koreanum fruit waste (AFW) as a source of antiinflammatory agents. AFWs were extracted with 80% EtOH. The ethanolic extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the CH2Cl2 fraction (100 μg/mL) of AFW inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells by 79.6% and 39.7%, respectively. These inhibitory effects of the CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs were accompanied by decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in a dose-dependent pattern. The CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs also prevented degradation of IκB-α in a dose-dependent manner. Ursolic acid was identified as major compound present in AFW, and CH2Cl2 extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore using pure ursolic acid as standard and by HPLC, AFW and CH2Cl2 extracts was found to contain 1.58 mg/g and 1.75 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, we tested the potential application of AFW extracts as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these tests, AFW extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that AFW extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1155/2010/715739 |
| format | Article |
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The fermentability of this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of using A. koreanum fruit waste (AFW) as a source of antiinflammatory agents. AFWs were extracted with 80% EtOH. The ethanolic extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the CH2Cl2 fraction (100 μg/mL) of AFW inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells by 79.6% and 39.7%, respectively. These inhibitory effects of the CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs were accompanied by decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in a dose-dependent pattern. The CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs also prevented degradation of IκB-α in a dose-dependent manner. Ursolic acid was identified as major compound present in AFW, and CH2Cl2 extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore using pure ursolic acid as standard and by HPLC, AFW and CH2Cl2 extracts was found to contain 1.58 mg/g and 1.75 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, we tested the potential application of AFW extracts as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these tests, AFW extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that AFW extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1110-7243</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 2314-6133</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1110-7251</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2314-6141</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1155/2010/715739</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20368786</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Cairo, Egypt: Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</publisher><subject>Acanthopanax ; Acids ; Animals ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Line ; Cell Survival - drug effects ; Chemical Fractionation ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Dinoprostone - biosynthesis ; Dinoprostone - genetics ; E coli ; Eleutherococcus - chemistry ; Environmental impact ; Ethanol ; Ethanol - chemistry ; Gene expression ; Gene Expression - drug effects ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Humans ; Industrial Waste ; Inflammation ; Lipopolysaccharides - antagonists & inhibitors ; Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology ; Macrophages - drug effects ; Macrophages - metabolism ; Medical sciences ; Methylene Chloride - chemistry ; Mice ; Nitric oxide ; Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis ; Nitric Oxide - genetics ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Plant Extracts - isolation & purification ; Plant Extracts - pharmacology ; Proteins ; Solvents - chemistry ; Technological change</subject><ispartof>BioMed research international, 2010, Vol.2010 (2010), p.1-10</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2010</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 Eun-Jin Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</rights><rights>Copyright © 2010 Eun-Jin Yang et al. 2010</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846352/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2846352/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,4010,27900,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=25846620$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20368786$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><contributor>De Mejia, Elvira Gonzalez</contributor><creatorcontrib>Moon, Ji-Young</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, Eun-Jin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Jung-Soon</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Koh, Jaesook</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lee, Nam Ho</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hyun, Chang-Gu</creatorcontrib><title>Acanthopanax koreanum Fruit Waste Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 Macrophages</title><title>BioMed research international</title><addtitle>J Biomed Biotechnol</addtitle><description>The Acanthopanax koreanum fruit is a popular fruit in Jeju Island, but the byproducts of the alcoholic beverage prepared using this fruit are major agricultural wastes. The fermentability of this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of using A. koreanum fruit waste (AFW) as a source of antiinflammatory agents. AFWs were extracted with 80% EtOH. The ethanolic extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the CH2Cl2 fraction (100 μg/mL) of AFW inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells by 79.6% and 39.7%, respectively. These inhibitory effects of the CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs were accompanied by decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in a dose-dependent pattern. The CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs also prevented degradation of IκB-α in a dose-dependent manner. Ursolic acid was identified as major compound present in AFW, and CH2Cl2 extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore using pure ursolic acid as standard and by HPLC, AFW and CH2Cl2 extracts was found to contain 1.58 mg/g and 1.75 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, we tested the potential application of AFW extracts as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these tests, AFW extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that AFW extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.</description><subject>Acanthopanax</subject><subject>Acids</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell Survival - drug effects</subject><subject>Chemical Fractionation</subject><subject>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</subject><subject>Dinoprostone - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Dinoprostone - genetics</subject><subject>E coli</subject><subject>Eleutherococcus - chemistry</subject><subject>Environmental impact</subject><subject>Ethanol</subject><subject>Ethanol - chemistry</subject><subject>Gene expression</subject><subject>Gene Expression - drug effects</subject><subject>Gene Expression Profiling</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Industrial Waste</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - antagonists & inhibitors</subject><subject>Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Macrophages - drug effects</subject><subject>Macrophages - metabolism</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Methylene Chloride - chemistry</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Nitric oxide</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Nitric Oxide - genetics</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Plant Extracts - pharmacology</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Solvents - chemistry</subject><subject>Technological change</subject><issn>1110-7243</issn><issn>2314-6133</issn><issn>1110-7251</issn><issn>2314-6141</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>RHX</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNpd0t1rFDEQAPAgiq2nTz4rQRBB2DYfm2z2RThKqwenFVH6GGZz2dvUvWSb7Gr7T_g3m_PO8-MlGZgfw0wyCD2l5IRSIU4ZoeS0oqLi9T10TCklRcUEvX-IS36EHqV0TQitlKwfoiNGuFQ5PkY_5gb82IUBPNziryFa8NMGX8TJjfgK0mjxwneucWPCSzeEIfR3CYzpILqVLRZ-NRm7wh9jyMHogsehxR_cGJ3Bl7eZYPC_0mmEdZ9j5_E5w_n8NL_CTJYnFX4PJoahg7VNj9GDFvpkn-zvGfpycf757F2xvHy7OJsvC8uFGgthoJacGNISaFnJLLG8NlyAkY0iwOuK2aZsamu3ryJUSZkghLQV44y1tOQz9GZXd5iajV0Z68cIvR6i20C80wGc_jfjXafX4ZtmqpRcsFzg1b5ADDeTTaPeuGRsn0e0YUq6KkupWMVFli_-k9dhij5Pp5WQVNa1ohk9_7ufQyO_PyqDl3sAyUDfRvDGpT8uzyhl1jP0euc651fw3R0EJXq7LXq7LXq3LRk_22GbiW3hgMuaKab4TyNnuGs</recordid><startdate>2010</startdate><enddate>2010</enddate><creator>Moon, Ji-Young</creator><creator>Yang, Eun-Jin</creator><creator>Lee, Jung-Soon</creator><creator>Koh, Jaesook</creator><creator>Lee, Nam Ho</creator><creator>Hyun, Chang-Gu</creator><general>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</general><general>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</general><general>Dar al -Nasr -al-Llktruni</general><general>Hindawi Limited</general><scope>ADJCN</scope><scope>AHFXO</scope><scope>RHU</scope><scope>RHW</scope><scope>RHX</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ARAPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CWDGH</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>P5Z</scope><scope>P62</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>2010</creationdate><title>Acanthopanax koreanum Fruit Waste Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 Macrophages</title><author>Moon, Ji-Young ; Yang, Eun-Jin ; Lee, Jung-Soon ; Koh, Jaesook ; Lee, Nam Ho ; Hyun, Chang-Gu</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-e358t-5ca9630c0f0af242e0e39c35ac6b80a3972eb4b9ee5739584125000f72322f143</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Acanthopanax</topic><topic>Acids</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cell Survival - drug effects</topic><topic>Chemical Fractionation</topic><topic>Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid</topic><topic>Dinoprostone - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Dinoprostone - genetics</topic><topic>E coli</topic><topic>Eleutherococcus - chemistry</topic><topic>Environmental impact</topic><topic>Ethanol</topic><topic>Ethanol - chemistry</topic><topic>Gene expression</topic><topic>Gene Expression - drug effects</topic><topic>Gene Expression Profiling</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Industrial Waste</topic><topic>Inflammation</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharides - antagonists & inhibitors</topic><topic>Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Macrophages - drug effects</topic><topic>Macrophages - metabolism</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Methylene Chloride - chemistry</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Nitric oxide</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Nitric Oxide - genetics</topic><topic>Pharmacology. 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Biotechnol</addtitle><date>2010</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>2010</volume><issue>2010</issue><spage>1</spage><epage>10</epage><pages>1-10</pages><issn>1110-7243</issn><issn>2314-6133</issn><eissn>1110-7251</eissn><eissn>2314-6141</eissn><abstract>The Acanthopanax koreanum fruit is a popular fruit in Jeju Island, but the byproducts of the alcoholic beverage prepared using this fruit are major agricultural wastes. The fermentability of this waste causes many economic and environmental problems. Therefore, we investigated the suitability of using A. koreanum fruit waste (AFW) as a source of antiinflammatory agents. AFWs were extracted with 80% EtOH. The ethanolic extract was then successively partitioned with hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc, BuOH, and water. The results indicate that the CH2Cl2 fraction (100 μg/mL) of AFW inhibited the LPS-induced nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production in RAW 264.7 cells by 79.6% and 39.7%, respectively. These inhibitory effects of the CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs were accompanied by decreases in the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) proteins and iNOS and COX-2 mRNA in a dose-dependent pattern. The CH2Cl2 fraction of AFWs also prevented degradation of IκB-α in a dose-dependent manner. Ursolic acid was identified as major compound present in AFW, and CH2Cl2 extracts by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Furthermore using pure ursolic acid as standard and by HPLC, AFW and CH2Cl2 extracts was found to contain 1.58 mg/g and 1.75 mg/g, respectively. Moreover, we tested the potential application of AFW extracts as a cosmetic material by performing human skin primary irritation tests. In these tests, AFW extracts did not induce any adverse reactions. Based on these results, we suggest that AFW extracts be considered possible anti-inflammatory candidates for topical application.</abstract><cop>Cairo, Egypt</cop><pub>Hindawi Puplishing Corporation</pub><pmid>20368786</pmid><doi>10.1155/2010/715739</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acanthopanax Acids Animals Anti-Inflammatory Agents - isolation & purification Anti-Inflammatory Agents - pharmacology Biological and medical sciences Cell Line Cell Survival - drug effects Chemical Fractionation Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid Dinoprostone - biosynthesis Dinoprostone - genetics E coli Eleutherococcus - chemistry Environmental impact Ethanol Ethanol - chemistry Gene expression Gene Expression - drug effects Gene Expression Profiling Humans Industrial Waste Inflammation Lipopolysaccharides - antagonists & inhibitors Lipopolysaccharides - pharmacology Macrophages - drug effects Macrophages - metabolism Medical sciences Methylene Chloride - chemistry Mice Nitric oxide Nitric Oxide - biosynthesis Nitric Oxide - genetics Pharmacology. Drug treatments Plant Extracts - isolation & purification Plant Extracts - pharmacology Proteins Solvents - chemistry Technological change |
| title | Acanthopanax koreanum Fruit Waste Inhibits Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Production of Nitric Oxide and Prostaglandin E2 in RAW 264.7 Macrophages |
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