The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N‐dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia

Background and purpose:  Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and its receptors may be involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following vascular injury. Here, we evaluate the effect of d‐erythro‐N,N‐dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, on VSMC proliferation, apopt...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:British journal of pharmacology 2010-02, Vol.159 (3), p.543-553
Hauptverfasser: McDonald, Robert A, Pyne, Susan, Pyne, Nigel J, Grant, Anne, Wainwright, Cherry L, Wadsworth, Roger M
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 553
container_issue 3
container_start_page 543
container_title British journal of pharmacology
container_volume 159
creator McDonald, Robert A
Pyne, Susan
Pyne, Nigel J
Grant, Anne
Wainwright, Cherry L
Wadsworth, Roger M
description Background and purpose:  Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and its receptors may be involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following vascular injury. Here, we evaluate the effect of d‐erythro‐N,N‐dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, on VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and neointimal formation. Experimental approach:  Growth responses in vitro to fetal calf serum (FCS) were measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 (ERK‐1/2) activation in quiescent primary cultures of porcine VSMC in the presence and absence of various concentrations of the SK inhibitor DMS. In vivo treatment with DMS was delivered with a local endoluminal catheter, following balloon injury of coronary arteries. The artery intimal formation was investigated by angiography, myography and histomorphometry. Key results:  In vitro experiments indicated that DMS induced a dose‐dependent reduction in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and ERK‐1/2 activation via a protein kinase C (PKC) independent mechanism with an IC50 value of 12 ± 6 and 15 ± 10 µM respectively. DMS also reduced Akt signalling. Four weeks following in vivo delivery of DMS, complete functional endothelial regeneration was observed in all treatment groups, with significant reduction of intimal formation (vehicle 23.7 ± 4.6% vs. DMS infusion 8.92 ± 2.9%, P 
doi_str_mv 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00533.x
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2828019</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>733870069</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5963-f7f3fab5f28f3e3fa4624501efa29d3c7bfbbc87f0536a08f5e874a9b9616b7a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkcFu1DAURa0K1A6lv1BFQogNSZ_tOHYkVKlUQJGqwqJs2FhOxm48eJzUzkBnxyfwjXwJDjMdCiu88ZPeuVfv6iKUYShweieLApe8yhkVuCAAdQHAKC3u9tBst3iEZgDAc4yFOEBPYlwApCVn--ggaTADUc_Q5-tOZ3HorL_po_U6-2K9ijqzvrONHfuQXb28-vn9x9wu9dit3UN0y8TM69760S6Vy7r1oMPgVLTqKXpslIv6aPsfok9v31yfX-SXH969Pz-7zFtWVzQ33FCjGmaIMFSnsaxIyQBro0g9py1vTNO0gpsUsVIgDNOCl6pu6gpXDVf0EJ1ufIdVs9TzVvsxKCeHkA4Ka9krK__eeNvJm_6rJIIIwHUyeLE1CP3tSsdRLm1stXMqBVtFySkVHKCayGf_kIt-FXxKJzErGceCQJUosaHa0McYtNndgkFO_cmFnGqSU01y6k_-7k_eJenxwyw74X1hCXi-BVRslTNB-dbGPxwpMcOkTNyrDffNOr3-7wPk648XaaC_APRAuYw</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1545718206</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N‐dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia</title><source>Wiley Free Content</source><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete</source><source>EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>McDonald, Robert A ; Pyne, Susan ; Pyne, Nigel J ; Grant, Anne ; Wainwright, Cherry L ; Wadsworth, Roger M</creator><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Robert A ; Pyne, Susan ; Pyne, Nigel J ; Grant, Anne ; Wainwright, Cherry L ; Wadsworth, Roger M</creatorcontrib><description>Background and purpose:  Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and its receptors may be involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following vascular injury. Here, we evaluate the effect of d‐erythro‐N,N‐dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, on VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and neointimal formation. Experimental approach:  Growth responses in vitro to fetal calf serum (FCS) were measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 (ERK‐1/2) activation in quiescent primary cultures of porcine VSMC in the presence and absence of various concentrations of the SK inhibitor DMS. In vivo treatment with DMS was delivered with a local endoluminal catheter, following balloon injury of coronary arteries. The artery intimal formation was investigated by angiography, myography and histomorphometry. Key results:  In vitro experiments indicated that DMS induced a dose‐dependent reduction in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and ERK‐1/2 activation via a protein kinase C (PKC) independent mechanism with an IC50 value of 12 ± 6 and 15 ± 10 µM respectively. DMS also reduced Akt signalling. Four weeks following in vivo delivery of DMS, complete functional endothelial regeneration was observed in all treatment groups, with significant reduction of intimal formation (vehicle 23.7 ± 4.6% vs. DMS infusion 8.92 ± 2.9%, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions and implications:  Taken together, these results demonstrate that local administration of the SK inhibitor, DMS, reduced neointimal formation, and this effect could involve inhibition of ERK‐1/2 and Akt signalling, and modulation of smooth muscle growth.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1188</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5381</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00533.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20015089</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJPCBM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; anti‐proliferative ; Apoptosis - drug effects ; Biological and medical sciences ; Catheterization ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase ; Hyperplasia - pathology ; intimal thickening ; Lysophospholipids ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - pharmacology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - cytology ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - drug effects ; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - pathology ; Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor) ; protein kinase C ; Protein Kinase C - metabolism ; Protein Kinase C - pharmacology ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism ; Research Papers ; restenosis ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; smooth muscle cells (vascular) ; sphingosine ; Sphingosine - analogs &amp; derivatives ; Sphingosine - pharmacology ; sphingosine kinase ; Sus scrofa ; Tunica Intima - drug effects ; Tunica Intima - metabolism ; Tunica Intima - pathology</subject><ispartof>British journal of pharmacology, 2010-02, Vol.159 (3), p.543-553</ispartof><rights>2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2009 The British Pharmacological Society</rights><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Journal compilation © 2010 The British Pharmacological Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5963-f7f3fab5f28f3e3fa4624501efa29d3c7bfbbc87f0536a08f5e874a9b9616b7a3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5963-f7f3fab5f28f3e3fa4624501efa29d3c7bfbbc87f0536a08f5e874a9b9616b7a3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828019/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2828019/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=22415124$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20015089$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pyne, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pyne, Nigel J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wainwright, Cherry L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wadsworth, Roger M</creatorcontrib><title>The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N‐dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia</title><title>British journal of pharmacology</title><addtitle>Br J Pharmacol</addtitle><description>Background and purpose:  Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and its receptors may be involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following vascular injury. Here, we evaluate the effect of d‐erythro‐N,N‐dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, on VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and neointimal formation. Experimental approach:  Growth responses in vitro to fetal calf serum (FCS) were measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 (ERK‐1/2) activation in quiescent primary cultures of porcine VSMC in the presence and absence of various concentrations of the SK inhibitor DMS. In vivo treatment with DMS was delivered with a local endoluminal catheter, following balloon injury of coronary arteries. The artery intimal formation was investigated by angiography, myography and histomorphometry. Key results:  In vitro experiments indicated that DMS induced a dose‐dependent reduction in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and ERK‐1/2 activation via a protein kinase C (PKC) independent mechanism with an IC50 value of 12 ± 6 and 15 ± 10 µM respectively. DMS also reduced Akt signalling. Four weeks following in vivo delivery of DMS, complete functional endothelial regeneration was observed in all treatment groups, with significant reduction of intimal formation (vehicle 23.7 ± 4.6% vs. DMS infusion 8.92 ± 2.9%, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions and implications:  Taken together, these results demonstrate that local administration of the SK inhibitor, DMS, reduced neointimal formation, and this effect could involve inhibition of ERK‐1/2 and Akt signalling, and modulation of smooth muscle growth.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>anti‐proliferative</subject><subject>Apoptosis - drug effects</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Catheterization</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase</subject><subject>Hyperplasia - pathology</subject><subject>intimal thickening</subject><subject>Lysophospholipids</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism</subject><subject>Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - pharmacology</subject><subject>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - cytology</subject><subject>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - drug effects</subject><subject>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - pathology</subject><subject>Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)</subject><subject>protein kinase C</subject><subject>Protein Kinase C - metabolism</subject><subject>Protein Kinase C - pharmacology</subject><subject>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</subject><subject>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism</subject><subject>Research Papers</subject><subject>restenosis</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><subject>smooth muscle cells (vascular)</subject><subject>sphingosine</subject><subject>Sphingosine - analogs &amp; derivatives</subject><subject>Sphingosine - pharmacology</subject><subject>sphingosine kinase</subject><subject>Sus scrofa</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - drug effects</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - metabolism</subject><subject>Tunica Intima - pathology</subject><issn>0007-1188</issn><issn>1476-5381</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2010</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkcFu1DAURa0K1A6lv1BFQogNSZ_tOHYkVKlUQJGqwqJs2FhOxm48eJzUzkBnxyfwjXwJDjMdCiu88ZPeuVfv6iKUYShweieLApe8yhkVuCAAdQHAKC3u9tBst3iEZgDAc4yFOEBPYlwApCVn--ggaTADUc_Q5-tOZ3HorL_po_U6-2K9ijqzvrONHfuQXb28-vn9x9wu9dit3UN0y8TM69760S6Vy7r1oMPgVLTqKXpslIv6aPsfok9v31yfX-SXH969Pz-7zFtWVzQ33FCjGmaIMFSnsaxIyQBro0g9py1vTNO0gpsUsVIgDNOCl6pu6gpXDVf0EJ1ufIdVs9TzVvsxKCeHkA4Ka9krK__eeNvJm_6rJIIIwHUyeLE1CP3tSsdRLm1stXMqBVtFySkVHKCayGf_kIt-FXxKJzErGceCQJUosaHa0McYtNndgkFO_cmFnGqSU01y6k_-7k_eJenxwyw74X1hCXi-BVRslTNB-dbGPxwpMcOkTNyrDffNOr3-7wPk648XaaC_APRAuYw</recordid><startdate>201002</startdate><enddate>201002</enddate><creator>McDonald, Robert A</creator><creator>Pyne, Susan</creator><creator>Pyne, Nigel J</creator><creator>Grant, Anne</creator><creator>Wainwright, Cherry L</creator><creator>Wadsworth, Roger M</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>201002</creationdate><title>The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N‐dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia</title><author>McDonald, Robert A ; Pyne, Susan ; Pyne, Nigel J ; Grant, Anne ; Wainwright, Cherry L ; Wadsworth, Roger M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5963-f7f3fab5f28f3e3fa4624501efa29d3c7bfbbc87f0536a08f5e874a9b9616b7a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2010</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>anti‐proliferative</topic><topic>Apoptosis - drug effects</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Catheterization</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase</topic><topic>Hyperplasia - pathology</topic><topic>intimal thickening</topic><topic>Lysophospholipids</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism</topic><topic>Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - pharmacology</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - cytology</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - drug effects</topic><topic>Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - pathology</topic><topic>Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)</topic><topic>protein kinase C</topic><topic>Protein Kinase C - metabolism</topic><topic>Protein Kinase C - pharmacology</topic><topic>Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology</topic><topic>Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism</topic><topic>Research Papers</topic><topic>restenosis</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - drug effects</topic><topic>smooth muscle cells (vascular)</topic><topic>sphingosine</topic><topic>Sphingosine - analogs &amp; derivatives</topic><topic>Sphingosine - pharmacology</topic><topic>sphingosine kinase</topic><topic>Sus scrofa</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - drug effects</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - metabolism</topic><topic>Tunica Intima - pathology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>McDonald, Robert A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pyne, Susan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pyne, Nigel J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grant, Anne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wainwright, Cherry L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wadsworth, Roger M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>British journal of pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>McDonald, Robert A</au><au>Pyne, Susan</au><au>Pyne, Nigel J</au><au>Grant, Anne</au><au>Wainwright, Cherry L</au><au>Wadsworth, Roger M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N‐dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia</atitle><jtitle>British journal of pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2010-02</date><risdate>2010</risdate><volume>159</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>543</spage><epage>553</epage><pages>543-553</pages><issn>0007-1188</issn><eissn>1476-5381</eissn><coden>BJPCBM</coden><abstract>Background and purpose:  Sphingosine‐1‐phosphate and its receptors may be involved in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation following vascular injury. Here, we evaluate the effect of d‐erythro‐N,N‐dimethylsphingosine (DMS), a sphingosine kinase (SK) inhibitor, on VSMC proliferation, apoptosis and neointimal formation. Experimental approach:  Growth responses in vitro to fetal calf serum (FCS) were measured by [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and extracellular signal‐regulated kinase‐1/2 (ERK‐1/2) activation in quiescent primary cultures of porcine VSMC in the presence and absence of various concentrations of the SK inhibitor DMS. In vivo treatment with DMS was delivered with a local endoluminal catheter, following balloon injury of coronary arteries. The artery intimal formation was investigated by angiography, myography and histomorphometry. Key results:  In vitro experiments indicated that DMS induced a dose‐dependent reduction in [3H]‐thymidine incorporation and ERK‐1/2 activation via a protein kinase C (PKC) independent mechanism with an IC50 value of 12 ± 6 and 15 ± 10 µM respectively. DMS also reduced Akt signalling. Four weeks following in vivo delivery of DMS, complete functional endothelial regeneration was observed in all treatment groups, with significant reduction of intimal formation (vehicle 23.7 ± 4.6% vs. DMS infusion 8.92 ± 2.9%, P &lt; 0.05). Conclusions and implications:  Taken together, these results demonstrate that local administration of the SK inhibitor, DMS, reduced neointimal formation, and this effect could involve inhibition of ERK‐1/2 and Akt signalling, and modulation of smooth muscle growth.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>20015089</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00533.x</doi><tpages>11</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0007-1188
ispartof British journal of pharmacology, 2010-02, Vol.159 (3), p.543-553
issn 0007-1188
1476-5381
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2828019
source Wiley Free Content; MEDLINE; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Animals
anti‐proliferative
Apoptosis - drug effects
Biological and medical sciences
Catheterization
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
extracellular signal‐regulated protein kinase
Hyperplasia - pathology
intimal thickening
Lysophospholipids
Male
Medical sciences
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - metabolism
Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3 - pharmacology
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - cytology
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - drug effects
Muscle, Smooth, Vascular - pathology
Myocytes, Smooth Muscle - metabolism
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
Phosphotransferases (Alcohol Group Acceptor)
protein kinase C
Protein Kinase C - metabolism
Protein Kinase C - pharmacology
Protein Kinase Inhibitors - pharmacology
Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt - metabolism
Research Papers
restenosis
Signal Transduction - drug effects
smooth muscle cells (vascular)
sphingosine
Sphingosine - analogs & derivatives
Sphingosine - pharmacology
sphingosine kinase
Sus scrofa
Tunica Intima - drug effects
Tunica Intima - metabolism
Tunica Intima - pathology
title The sphingosine kinase inhibitor N,N‐dimethylsphingosine inhibits neointimal hyperplasia
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-10T05%3A10%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The%20sphingosine%20kinase%20inhibitor%20N,N%E2%80%90dimethylsphingosine%20inhibits%20neointimal%20hyperplasia&rft.jtitle=British%20journal%20of%20pharmacology&rft.au=McDonald,%20Robert%20A&rft.date=2010-02&rft.volume=159&rft.issue=3&rft.spage=543&rft.epage=553&rft.pages=543-553&rft.issn=0007-1188&rft.eissn=1476-5381&rft.coden=BJPCBM&rft_id=info:doi/10.1111/j.1476-5381.2009.00533.x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E733870069%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1545718206&rft_id=info:pmid/20015089&rfr_iscdi=true