Phenotypic Bias and Ethnic Identity in Filipino Americans
Objective. Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias. Method. Data were from a community sample of 2,092 Filipino adults in...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Social science quarterly 2009-06, Vol.90 (2), p.428-445 |
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| container_title | Social science quarterly |
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| creator | Kiang, Lisa Takeuchi, David T. |
| description | Objective. Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias. Method. Data were from a community sample of 2,092 Filipino adults in San Francisco and Honolulu. Results. After controlling for age, nativity, marital status, and education, darker skin was associated with lower income and lower physical health for females and males. For females, more ethnic features were associated with lower income. For males, darker skin was related to lower psychological distress. One interaction was found such that females with more ethnic features exhibited lower distress; however, ethnic identity moderated distress levels of those with less ethnic features. Conclusions. Phenotypic bias appears prevalent in Filipino Americans though specific effects vary by gender and skin color versus physical features. Discussion centers on the social importance of appearance and potential strengths gained from ethnic identification. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00625.x |
| format | Article |
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Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias. Method. Data were from a community sample of 2,092 Filipino adults in San Francisco and Honolulu. Results. After controlling for age, nativity, marital status, and education, darker skin was associated with lower income and lower physical health for females and males. For females, more ethnic features were associated with lower income. For males, darker skin was related to lower psychological distress. One interaction was found such that females with more ethnic features exhibited lower distress; however, ethnic identity moderated distress levels of those with less ethnic features. Conclusions. Phenotypic bias appears prevalent in Filipino Americans though specific effects vary by gender and skin color versus physical features. Discussion centers on the social importance of appearance and potential strengths gained from ethnic identification.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0038-4941</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1540-6237</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00625.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 20107617</identifier><identifier>CODEN: SSQTAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><subject>Asian-Americans ; Bias ; California ; Communities ; Cultural identity ; Cultures and civilizations ; Ethnic groups ; Ethnic groups. Acculturation. Cultural identity ; Ethnic Identity ; Ethnicity ; Filipino Americans ; Filipinos ; Gender discrimination ; Genotype & phenotype ; Hawaii ; Health ; Health Problems ; Honolulu ; Level of education ; Low income ; Low Income Groups ; Marital status ; Mental health outcomes ; Of General Interest ; Personality. Social role ; Phenotypes ; Physical health ; Psychological Distress ; Psychology ; Racism ; San Francisco ; Skin ; Skin color ; Social psychology ; Social sciences ; Sociology ; Southeast Asian Cultural Groups ; Surveys ; U.S.A ; United States of America</subject><ispartof>Social science quarterly, 2009-06, Vol.90 (2), p.428-445</ispartof><rights>2009 Southwestern Social Science Association</rights><rights>2009 by the Southwestern Social Science Association</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Publishing Ltd. 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Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias. Method. Data were from a community sample of 2,092 Filipino adults in San Francisco and Honolulu. Results. After controlling for age, nativity, marital status, and education, darker skin was associated with lower income and lower physical health for females and males. For females, more ethnic features were associated with lower income. For males, darker skin was related to lower psychological distress. One interaction was found such that females with more ethnic features exhibited lower distress; however, ethnic identity moderated distress levels of those with less ethnic features. Conclusions. Phenotypic bias appears prevalent in Filipino Americans though specific effects vary by gender and skin color versus physical features. Discussion centers on the social importance of appearance and potential strengths gained from ethnic identification.</description><subject>Asian-Americans</subject><subject>Bias</subject><subject>California</subject><subject>Communities</subject><subject>Cultural identity</subject><subject>Cultures and civilizations</subject><subject>Ethnic groups</subject><subject>Ethnic groups. Acculturation. Cultural identity</subject><subject>Ethnic Identity</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Filipino Americans</subject><subject>Filipinos</subject><subject>Gender discrimination</subject><subject>Genotype & phenotype</subject><subject>Hawaii</subject><subject>Health</subject><subject>Health Problems</subject><subject>Honolulu</subject><subject>Level of education</subject><subject>Low income</subject><subject>Low Income Groups</subject><subject>Marital status</subject><subject>Mental health outcomes</subject><subject>Of General Interest</subject><subject>Personality. Social role</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Physical health</subject><subject>Psychological Distress</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Racism</subject><subject>San Francisco</subject><subject>Skin</subject><subject>Skin color</subject><subject>Social psychology</subject><subject>Social sciences</subject><subject>Sociology</subject><subject>Southeast Asian Cultural Groups</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>U.S.A</subject><subject>United States of America</subject><issn>0038-4941</issn><issn>1540-6237</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>X2L</sourceid><sourceid>7UB</sourceid><sourceid>BHHNA</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUltv0zAUjhCIjcJPAEVIIF5SfL88gDSqdWyMm7oJiRfLcRzqkibBTkf773GWEi4PjEgndvRd4nP8JUkKwRTG5_lqCikBGUOYTxEAcgoAQ3S6vZUcjsDt5BAALDIiCTxI7oWwAgAQRMTd5AABCDiD_DCRH5a2brpd60z6yumQ6rpIj7tlHb9PC1t3rtulrk7nrnKtq5v0aG29M7oO95M7pa6CfbBfJ8nl_Phi9jo7f39yOjs6zwwXiGbW5ExTbbnOEUUF4RgLnkMBNCiALXOJciQhJNayghpjYyO5EKXMARIClQxPkpeDb7vJ17Yw8UxeV6r1bq39TjXaqT-R2i3Vl-ZKIQEhRjIaPN0b-ObbxoZOrV0wtqp0bZtNUCyOCQgpbiRSKTnkhN5IxBwxIGOrk-TZP4lQYEoYo4xE6uO_qKtm4-s4WSUEgPHPqD-hGEjGNyF4W45jgED1yVAr1QdA9QFQfTLUdTLUNkrPBqm3rTWjLq90aEwwTl0prCWIr12saymOo43bWG0sgoQihKplt45mj36_k9HtZ64i4cmeoIPRVel1bVz4xYMUSiT7u3kx8L67yu7-uxu1WHy8jLuofzjoV6Fr_KgnSBJAZY9nA-5CZ7cjrv1XxTjmVH16d6IuFvPF289vZuoM_wCNogSm</recordid><startdate>200906</startdate><enddate>200906</enddate><creator>Kiang, Lisa</creator><creator>Takeuchi, David T.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><general>Wiley Subscription Services, Inc</general><general>Wiley</general><general>Southwestern Social Science Association</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>DKI</scope><scope>X2L</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7U4</scope><scope>7UB</scope><scope>8BJ</scope><scope>BHHNA</scope><scope>DWI</scope><scope>FQK</scope><scope>JBE</scope><scope>WZK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200906</creationdate><title>Phenotypic Bias and Ethnic Identity in Filipino Americans</title><author>Kiang, Lisa ; Takeuchi, David T.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c7825-ecb6a5ae7ab252d473387b180a0d0efb92b29114ee6d5cce062b88f9b02882f63</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Asian-Americans</topic><topic>Bias</topic><topic>California</topic><topic>Communities</topic><topic>Cultural identity</topic><topic>Cultures and civilizations</topic><topic>Ethnic groups</topic><topic>Ethnic groups. Acculturation. Cultural identity</topic><topic>Ethnic Identity</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Filipino Americans</topic><topic>Filipinos</topic><topic>Gender discrimination</topic><topic>Genotype & phenotype</topic><topic>Hawaii</topic><topic>Health</topic><topic>Health Problems</topic><topic>Honolulu</topic><topic>Level of education</topic><topic>Low income</topic><topic>Low Income Groups</topic><topic>Marital status</topic><topic>Mental health outcomes</topic><topic>Of General Interest</topic><topic>Personality. Social role</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Physical health</topic><topic>Psychological Distress</topic><topic>Psychology</topic><topic>Racism</topic><topic>San Francisco</topic><topic>Skin</topic><topic>Skin color</topic><topic>Social psychology</topic><topic>Social sciences</topic><topic>Sociology</topic><topic>Southeast Asian Cultural Groups</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>U.S.A</topic><topic>United States of America</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kiang, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Takeuchi, David T.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>RePEc IDEAS</collection><collection>RePEc</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (pre-2017)</collection><collection>Worldwide Political Science Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences (IBSS)</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>International Bibliography of the Social Sciences</collection><collection>Sociological Abstracts (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Social science quarterly</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kiang, Lisa</au><au>Takeuchi, David T.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Phenotypic Bias and Ethnic Identity in Filipino Americans</atitle><jtitle>Social science quarterly</jtitle><addtitle>Soc Sci Q</addtitle><date>2009-06</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>90</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>428</spage><epage>445</epage><pages>428-445</pages><issn>0038-4941</issn><eissn>1540-6237</eissn><coden>SSQTAL</coden><abstract>Objective. Links between phenotypes (skin tone, physical features) and a range of outcomes (income, physical health, psychological distress) were examined. Ethnic identity was examined as a protective moderator of phenotypic bias. Method. Data were from a community sample of 2,092 Filipino adults in San Francisco and Honolulu. Results. After controlling for age, nativity, marital status, and education, darker skin was associated with lower income and lower physical health for females and males. For females, more ethnic features were associated with lower income. For males, darker skin was related to lower psychological distress. One interaction was found such that females with more ethnic features exhibited lower distress; however, ethnic identity moderated distress levels of those with less ethnic features. Conclusions. Phenotypic bias appears prevalent in Filipino Americans though specific effects vary by gender and skin color versus physical features. Discussion centers on the social importance of appearance and potential strengths gained from ethnic identification.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>20107617</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1540-6237.2009.00625.x</doi><tpages>18</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Social science quarterly, 2009-06, Vol.90 (2), p.428-445 |
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| source | RePEc; Worldwide Political Science Abstracts; Business Source Complete; Sociological Abstracts; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Wiley Online Library All Journals |
| subjects | Asian-Americans Bias California Communities Cultural identity Cultures and civilizations Ethnic groups Ethnic groups. Acculturation. Cultural identity Ethnic Identity Ethnicity Filipino Americans Filipinos Gender discrimination Genotype & phenotype Hawaii Health Health Problems Honolulu Level of education Low income Low Income Groups Marital status Mental health outcomes Of General Interest Personality. Social role Phenotypes Physical health Psychological Distress Psychology Racism San Francisco Skin Skin color Social psychology Social sciences Sociology Southeast Asian Cultural Groups Surveys U.S.A United States of America |
| title | Phenotypic Bias and Ethnic Identity in Filipino Americans |
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