Anterior hippocampal volume is reduced in behaviorally depressed female cynomolgus macaques
Summary Hippocampal (HC) function and morphology have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Reduced HC volume has been observed in depressed humans, although the effect is not always significant. Studies of functional differentiation of the HC have revealed that the anterior portion...
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description | Summary Hippocampal (HC) function and morphology have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Reduced HC volume has been observed in depressed humans, although the effect is not always significant. Studies of functional differentiation of the HC have revealed that the anterior portion is associated with emotional and anxiety-related functioning, and the posterior portion with memory processing. As such, measuring whole HC volume may mask differences seen only in the anterior or posterior HC. We used unbiased stereology to measure whole, anterior, and posterior HC volumes in 12 adult female cynomolgus macaques, half of which exhibited spontaneously occurring depressive behavior defined as a slumped/collapsed body posture with open eyes, and a relative lack of responsivity to environmental stimuli. The two groups were otherwise matched on circulating estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels, social status, estimated age, and body weight. Frozen postmortem HC tissue from depressed and nondepressed monkeys was serially sectioned and thionin-stained. According to established neuroanatomical guidelines and with the aid of Neurolucida software (MBF Bioscience), every 10th section throughout the extent of the HC was manually traced and used to reconstruct the 3D models used to determine volumes. Anterior and posterior HC were delineated by the presence or absence of the uncus. No significant differences were found between depressed and nondepressed monkeys for whole or posterior HC volume, although the average HC volume was 4% smaller in depressed than nondepressed monkeys. Anterior HC volumes were significantly smaller (15.4%) in depressed compared to nondepressed monkeys. These results indicate that reduced volume in the anterior HC, an area previously implicated in emotional functioning, may be associated with a depressive phenotype in female cynomolgus macaques. |
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Reduced HC volume has been observed in depressed humans, although the effect is not always significant. Studies of functional differentiation of the HC have revealed that the anterior portion is associated with emotional and anxiety-related functioning, and the posterior portion with memory processing. As such, measuring whole HC volume may mask differences seen only in the anterior or posterior HC. We used unbiased stereology to measure whole, anterior, and posterior HC volumes in 12 adult female cynomolgus macaques, half of which exhibited spontaneously occurring depressive behavior defined as a slumped/collapsed body posture with open eyes, and a relative lack of responsivity to environmental stimuli. The two groups were otherwise matched on circulating estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels, social status, estimated age, and body weight. Frozen postmortem HC tissue from depressed and nondepressed monkeys was serially sectioned and thionin-stained. According to established neuroanatomical guidelines and with the aid of Neurolucida software (MBF Bioscience), every 10th section throughout the extent of the HC was manually traced and used to reconstruct the 3D models used to determine volumes. Anterior and posterior HC were delineated by the presence or absence of the uncus. No significant differences were found between depressed and nondepressed monkeys for whole or posterior HC volume, although the average HC volume was 4% smaller in depressed than nondepressed monkeys. Anterior HC volumes were significantly smaller (15.4%) in depressed compared to nondepressed monkeys. These results indicate that reduced volume in the anterior HC, an area previously implicated in emotional functioning, may be associated with a depressive phenotype in female cynomolgus macaques.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0306-4530</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1873-3360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.022</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19493628</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PSYCDE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Kidlington: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies ; Animals ; Behavioral depression ; Behavioral psychophysiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cynomolgus ; Depression ; Depression - pathology ; Dexamethasone ; Disease Models, Animal ; Endocrinology & Metabolism ; Estradiol - blood ; Female ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Hierarchy, Social ; Hippocampal volume ; Hippocampus - pathology ; Hormones and behavior ; Hydrocortisone - blood ; Macaca ; Macaca fascicularis ; Medical sciences ; Monkey ; Mood disorders ; Nonhuman primate ; Progesterone - blood ; Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry ; Psychology. Psychophysiology ; Psychopathology. 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Reduced HC volume has been observed in depressed humans, although the effect is not always significant. Studies of functional differentiation of the HC have revealed that the anterior portion is associated with emotional and anxiety-related functioning, and the posterior portion with memory processing. As such, measuring whole HC volume may mask differences seen only in the anterior or posterior HC. We used unbiased stereology to measure whole, anterior, and posterior HC volumes in 12 adult female cynomolgus macaques, half of which exhibited spontaneously occurring depressive behavior defined as a slumped/collapsed body posture with open eyes, and a relative lack of responsivity to environmental stimuli. The two groups were otherwise matched on circulating estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels, social status, estimated age, and body weight. Frozen postmortem HC tissue from depressed and nondepressed monkeys was serially sectioned and thionin-stained. According to established neuroanatomical guidelines and with the aid of Neurolucida software (MBF Bioscience), every 10th section throughout the extent of the HC was manually traced and used to reconstruct the 3D models used to determine volumes. Anterior and posterior HC were delineated by the presence or absence of the uncus. No significant differences were found between depressed and nondepressed monkeys for whole or posterior HC volume, although the average HC volume was 4% smaller in depressed than nondepressed monkeys. Anterior HC volumes were significantly smaller (15.4%) in depressed compared to nondepressed monkeys. These results indicate that reduced volume in the anterior HC, an area previously implicated in emotional functioning, may be associated with a depressive phenotype in female cynomolgus macaques.</description><subject>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Behavioral depression</subject><subject>Behavioral psychophysiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cynomolgus</subject><subject>Depression</subject><subject>Depression - pathology</subject><subject>Dexamethasone</subject><subject>Disease Models, Animal</subject><subject>Endocrinology & Metabolism</subject><subject>Estradiol - blood</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Hierarchy, Social</subject><subject>Hippocampal volume</subject><subject>Hippocampus - pathology</subject><subject>Hormones and behavior</subject><subject>Hydrocortisone - blood</subject><subject>Macaca</subject><subject>Macaca fascicularis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Monkey</subject><subject>Mood disorders</subject><subject>Nonhuman primate</subject><subject>Progesterone - blood</subject><subject>Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</subject><issn>0306-4530</issn><issn>1873-3360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhi0EotuFv1DlAj3tMrYTx7lUVBUFpEocgBMHy3EmXS-OHezNSvvvcbRL-TjQg-WDH4-f8TuEXFBYU6DizXY9poPHCf2aATRrKNfA2BOyoLLmK84FPCUL4CBWZcXhjJyntAUAIQV7Ts5oUzZcMLkg3679DqMNsdjYcQxGD6N2xT64acDCpiJiNxnsCuuLFjd6n0nt3KHocIyYUj7pcdAOC3PwYQjufkrFoI3-MWF6QZ712iV8edqX5Ovtuy83H1Z3n95_vLm-Wxkhy12WZawRVDeshZqJpgLe9JJ3tQGtUUrRUSl0y6vW0LZpuWlpbk92wLErWy75klwd645TO2Bn0O-ypBqjHXQ8qKCt-vvE2426D3vF6vwLeS3J5alADLP4Tg02GXROewxTUlLy7JQlHyXr-eezXJ3J1_8lGaWSSzE_Lo6giSGliP2DOAU1Z6226lfWas5aQaly1vnixZ9t_752CjcDr06ATka7PmpvbHrgGKNQ0mpWfXvkMIe0txhVMhZ9jt1GNDvVBfu4y9U_JYyz3uZXv-MB0zZM0ecRUFQlpkB9nidzHkxoAGiVXX8C-FLiBA</recordid><startdate>20091101</startdate><enddate>20091101</enddate><creator>Willard, Stephanie L</creator><creator>Friedman, David P</creator><creator>Henkel, Craig K</creator><creator>Shively, Carol A</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>Elsevier</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20091101</creationdate><title>Anterior hippocampal volume is reduced in behaviorally depressed female cynomolgus macaques</title><author>Willard, Stephanie L ; Friedman, David P ; Henkel, Craig K ; Shively, Carol A</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c684t-3322961a92b072695039f83d7c0aae886d186ab35bc1b9b3cb13608d03ed4b383</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult and adolescent clinical studies</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Behavioral depression</topic><topic>Behavioral psychophysiology</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cynomolgus</topic><topic>Depression</topic><topic>Depression - pathology</topic><topic>Dexamethasone</topic><topic>Disease Models, Animal</topic><topic>Endocrinology & Metabolism</topic><topic>Estradiol - blood</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Hierarchy, Social</topic><topic>Hippocampal volume</topic><topic>Hippocampus - pathology</topic><topic>Hormones and behavior</topic><topic>Hydrocortisone - blood</topic><topic>Macaca</topic><topic>Macaca fascicularis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Monkey</topic><topic>Mood disorders</topic><topic>Nonhuman primate</topic><topic>Progesterone - blood</topic><topic>Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Psychopathology. Psychiatry</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Willard, Stephanie L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Friedman, David P</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Henkel, Craig K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shively, Carol A</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Willard, Stephanie L</au><au>Friedman, David P</au><au>Henkel, Craig K</au><au>Shively, Carol A</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Anterior hippocampal volume is reduced in behaviorally depressed female cynomolgus macaques</atitle><jtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</jtitle><addtitle>Psychoneuroendocrinology</addtitle><date>2009-11-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1469</spage><epage>1475</epage><pages>1469-1475</pages><issn>0306-4530</issn><eissn>1873-3360</eissn><coden>PSYCDE</coden><abstract>Summary Hippocampal (HC) function and morphology have been implicated in the pathophysiology of depression. Reduced HC volume has been observed in depressed humans, although the effect is not always significant. Studies of functional differentiation of the HC have revealed that the anterior portion is associated with emotional and anxiety-related functioning, and the posterior portion with memory processing. As such, measuring whole HC volume may mask differences seen only in the anterior or posterior HC. We used unbiased stereology to measure whole, anterior, and posterior HC volumes in 12 adult female cynomolgus macaques, half of which exhibited spontaneously occurring depressive behavior defined as a slumped/collapsed body posture with open eyes, and a relative lack of responsivity to environmental stimuli. The two groups were otherwise matched on circulating estradiol, progesterone, and cortisol levels, social status, estimated age, and body weight. Frozen postmortem HC tissue from depressed and nondepressed monkeys was serially sectioned and thionin-stained. According to established neuroanatomical guidelines and with the aid of Neurolucida software (MBF Bioscience), every 10th section throughout the extent of the HC was manually traced and used to reconstruct the 3D models used to determine volumes. Anterior and posterior HC were delineated by the presence or absence of the uncus. No significant differences were found between depressed and nondepressed monkeys for whole or posterior HC volume, although the average HC volume was 4% smaller in depressed than nondepressed monkeys. Anterior HC volumes were significantly smaller (15.4%) in depressed compared to nondepressed monkeys. These results indicate that reduced volume in the anterior HC, an area previously implicated in emotional functioning, may be associated with a depressive phenotype in female cynomolgus macaques.</abstract><cop>Kidlington</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>19493628</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.psyneuen.2009.04.022</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | Adult and adolescent clinical studies Animals Behavioral depression Behavioral psychophysiology Biological and medical sciences Cynomolgus Depression Depression - pathology Dexamethasone Disease Models, Animal Endocrinology & Metabolism Estradiol - blood Female Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Hierarchy, Social Hippocampal volume Hippocampus - pathology Hormones and behavior Hydrocortisone - blood Macaca Macaca fascicularis Medical sciences Monkey Mood disorders Nonhuman primate Progesterone - blood Psychiatry Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Psychopathology. Psychiatry |
title | Anterior hippocampal volume is reduced in behaviorally depressed female cynomolgus macaques |
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