Psychosocial Stress at Work Doubles the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence from the Whitehall II Study
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of psychosocial stress at work on risk of type 2 diabetes, adjusting for conventional risk factors, among a sample of British, white-collar, middle-aged men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective analysis (1991-2004) from the Whitehall II...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetes care 2009-12, Vol.32 (12), p.2230-2235 |
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| creator | Heraclides, Alexandros Chandola, Tarani Witte, Daniel R Brunner, Eric J |
| description | OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of psychosocial stress at work on risk of type 2 diabetes, adjusting for conventional risk factors, among a sample of British, white-collar, middle-aged men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective analysis (1991-2004) from the Whitehall II cohort study. The current sample consists of 5,895 Caucasian middle-aged civil servants free from diabetes at baseline. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test supplemented by self-reports at baseline and four consecutive waves of data collection including two screening phases. The job strain and iso-strain models were used to assess psychosocial work stress. RESULTS: Iso-strain in the workplace was associated with a twofold higher risk of type 2 diabetes in age-adjusted analysis in women but not in men (hazard ratio 1.94 [95% CI 1.17-3.21). This effect remained robust to adjustment for socioeconomic position and outside work stressors and was only attenuated by 20% after adjustment for health behaviors, obesity, and other type 2 diabetes risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial work stress was an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes among women after a 15-year follow-up. This association was not explained by potential confounding and mediating factors. More evidence from prospective studies using the same work stress models is needed to support the current findings and provide further information on sex differences. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2337/dc09-0132 |
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RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective analysis (1991-2004) from the Whitehall II cohort study. The current sample consists of 5,895 Caucasian middle-aged civil servants free from diabetes at baseline. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test supplemented by self-reports at baseline and four consecutive waves of data collection including two screening phases. The job strain and iso-strain models were used to assess psychosocial work stress. RESULTS: Iso-strain in the workplace was associated with a twofold higher risk of type 2 diabetes in age-adjusted analysis in women but not in men (hazard ratio 1.94 [95% CI 1.17-3.21). This effect remained robust to adjustment for socioeconomic position and outside work stressors and was only attenuated by 20% after adjustment for health behaviors, obesity, and other type 2 diabetes risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial work stress was an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes among women after a 15-year follow-up. This association was not explained by potential confounding and mediating factors. More evidence from prospective studies using the same work stress models is needed to support the current findings and provide further information on sex differences.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0149-5992</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-5548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2337/dc09-0132</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19720842</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DICAD2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association</publisher><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology ; Biological and medical sciences ; Body Mass Index ; C-Reactive Protein - metabolism ; Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) ; Dextrose ; Diabetes ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - psychology ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Diet ; Employment - psychology ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance ; European Continental Ancestry Group ; Female ; Glucose ; Glucose Tolerance Test ; Glucose tolerance tests ; Health care policy ; Humans ; Job stress ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Medicine, Experimental ; Metabolic diseases ; Metabolic syndrome ; Middle age ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Original Research ; Prevention programs ; Prospective Studies ; Psychological aspects ; Psychology ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Risk factors ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Stress ; Stress, Psychological - complications ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Triglycerides - blood ; Type 2 diabetes ; United Kingdom - epidemiology ; Women ; Women - psychology ; Womens health ; Working conditions</subject><ispartof>Diabetes care, 2009-12, Vol.32 (12), p.2230-2235</ispartof><rights>2015 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 American Diabetes Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Diabetes Association Dec 2009</rights><rights>2009 by the American Diabetes Association. 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c463t-655d056b1c4c9e1c825000d004808cbec1a8cc161dbae310be996400a2ee78263</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=22239944$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19720842$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Heraclides, Alexandros</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chandola, Tarani</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Witte, Daniel R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Brunner, Eric J</creatorcontrib><title>Psychosocial Stress at Work Doubles the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence from the Whitehall II Study</title><title>Diabetes care</title><addtitle>Diabetes Care</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of psychosocial stress at work on risk of type 2 diabetes, adjusting for conventional risk factors, among a sample of British, white-collar, middle-aged men and women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective analysis (1991-2004) from the Whitehall II cohort study. The current sample consists of 5,895 Caucasian middle-aged civil servants free from diabetes at baseline. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test supplemented by self-reports at baseline and four consecutive waves of data collection including two screening phases. The job strain and iso-strain models were used to assess psychosocial work stress. RESULTS: Iso-strain in the workplace was associated with a twofold higher risk of type 2 diabetes in age-adjusted analysis in women but not in men (hazard ratio 1.94 [95% CI 1.17-3.21). This effect remained robust to adjustment for socioeconomic position and outside work stressors and was only attenuated by 20% after adjustment for health behaviors, obesity, and other type 2 diabetes risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial work stress was an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes among women after a 15-year follow-up. This association was not explained by potential confounding and mediating factors. More evidence from prospective studies using the same work stress models is needed to support the current findings and provide further information on sex differences.</description><subject>Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>C-Reactive Protein - metabolism</subject><subject>Confounding Factors (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Dextrose</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology</subject><subject>Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - psychology</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Diet</subject><subject>Employment - psychology</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance</subject><subject>European Continental Ancestry Group</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucose</subject><subject>Glucose Tolerance Test</subject><subject>Glucose tolerance tests</subject><subject>Health care policy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Job stress</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Middle age</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Prevention programs</subject><subject>Prospective Studies</subject><subject>Psychological aspects</subject><subject>Psychology</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. 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RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This was a prospective analysis (1991-2004) from the Whitehall II cohort study. The current sample consists of 5,895 Caucasian middle-aged civil servants free from diabetes at baseline. Type 2 diabetes was ascertained by an oral glucose tolerance test supplemented by self-reports at baseline and four consecutive waves of data collection including two screening phases. The job strain and iso-strain models were used to assess psychosocial work stress. RESULTS: Iso-strain in the workplace was associated with a twofold higher risk of type 2 diabetes in age-adjusted analysis in women but not in men (hazard ratio 1.94 [95% CI 1.17-3.21). This effect remained robust to adjustment for socioeconomic position and outside work stressors and was only attenuated by 20% after adjustment for health behaviors, obesity, and other type 2 diabetes risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Psychosocial work stress was an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes among women after a 15-year follow-up. This association was not explained by potential confounding and mediating factors. More evidence from prospective studies using the same work stress models is needed to support the current findings and provide further information on sex differences.</abstract><cop>Alexandria, VA</cop><pub>American Diabetes Association</pub><pmid>19720842</pmid><doi>10.2337/dc09-0132</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Diabetes care, 2009-12, Vol.32 (12), p.2230-2235 |
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| subjects | Alcohol Drinking - epidemiology Biological and medical sciences Body Mass Index C-Reactive Protein - metabolism Confounding Factors (Epidemiology) Dextrose Diabetes Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - complications Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - epidemiology Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 - psychology Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Diet Employment - psychology Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Etiopathogenesis. Screening. Investigations. Target tissue resistance European Continental Ancestry Group Female Glucose Glucose Tolerance Test Glucose tolerance tests Health care policy Humans Job stress Male Medical research Medical sciences Medicine, Experimental Metabolic diseases Metabolic syndrome Middle age Middle Aged Miscellaneous Original Research Prevention programs Prospective Studies Psychological aspects Psychology Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk factors Smoking - epidemiology Stress Stress, Psychological - complications Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Surveys and Questionnaires Triglycerides - blood Type 2 diabetes United Kingdom - epidemiology Women Women - psychology Womens health Working conditions |
| title | Psychosocial Stress at Work Doubles the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in Middle-Aged Women: Evidence from the Whitehall II Study |
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