TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development
The plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in plant development. However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant i...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Plant physiology (Bethesda) 2009-09, Vol.151 (1), p.168-179 |
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| creator | Yamada, Masashi Greenham, Katie Prigge, Michael J Jensen, Philip J Estelle, Mark |
| description | The plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in plant development. However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant is hypersensitive to 5-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan synthesis. Further, treatment with the proposed auxin biosynthetic intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid rescues the tir2 short hypocotyl phenotype, suggesting that tir2 may be affected in the IPA auxin biosynthetic pathway. Molecular characterization revealed that TIR2 is identical to the TAA1 gene encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase. We show that TIR2 is regulated by temperature and is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation. Further, we find that expression of TIR2 is induced on the lower side of a gravitropically responding root. We propose that TIR2 contributes to a positive regulatory loop required for root gravitropism. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1104/pp.109.138859 |
| format | Article |
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However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant is hypersensitive to 5-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan synthesis. Further, treatment with the proposed auxin biosynthetic intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid rescues the tir2 short hypocotyl phenotype, suggesting that tir2 may be affected in the IPA auxin biosynthetic pathway. Molecular characterization revealed that TIR2 is identical to the TAA1 gene encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase. We show that TIR2 is regulated by temperature and is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation. Further, we find that expression of TIR2 is induced on the lower side of a gravitropically responding root. We propose that TIR2 contributes to a positive regulatory loop required for root gravitropism.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0032-0889</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-2548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1104/pp.109.138859</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19625638</identifier><identifier>CODEN: PPHYA5</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Rockville, MD: American Society of Plant Biologists</publisher><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics ; Arabidopsis - growth & development ; Arabidopsis - metabolism ; Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics ; Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism ; Auxins ; biochemical pathways ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biosynthesis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Development and Hormone Action ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; gene expression ; Gene expression regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology ; Genes ; gravitropism ; Hot Temperature ; Hypocotyls ; indole acetic acid ; Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism ; metabolic inhibitors ; mutants ; Mutation ; phenotype ; Phenotypes ; Phthalimides - pharmacology ; Phylogeny ; plant development ; Plant growth regulators ; Plant physiology and development ; Plant roots ; Plants ; pyruvic acid ; roots ; Seedlings ; Seedlings - cytology ; Seedlings - metabolism ; temperature ; tryptophan ; Tryptophan Transaminase - genetics ; Tryptophan Transaminase - metabolism</subject><ispartof>Plant physiology (Bethesda), 2009-09, Vol.151 (1), p.168-179</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2009 American Society of Plant Biologists</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright © 2009, American Society of Plant Biologists 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-19b8a0623248bf9c1cc41ec5d147f95503246ce4d561b21068734d5247583c963</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-19b8a0623248bf9c1cc41ec5d147f95503246ce4d561b21068734d5247583c963</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/40537759$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/40537759$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,803,885,27923,27924,58016,58249</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21947162$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19625638$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Masashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greenham, Katie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prigge, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estelle, Mark</creatorcontrib><title>TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development</title><title>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</title><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><description>The plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in plant development. However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant is hypersensitive to 5-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan synthesis. Further, treatment with the proposed auxin biosynthetic intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid rescues the tir2 short hypocotyl phenotype, suggesting that tir2 may be affected in the IPA auxin biosynthetic pathway. Molecular characterization revealed that TIR2 is identical to the TAA1 gene encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase. We show that TIR2 is regulated by temperature and is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation. Further, we find that expression of TIR2 is induced on the lower side of a gravitropically responding root. We propose that TIR2 contributes to a positive regulatory loop required for root gravitropism.</description><subject>Arabidopsis - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - growth & development</subject><subject>Arabidopsis - metabolism</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Auxins</subject><subject>biochemical pathways</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>Cloning, Molecular</subject><subject>Development and Hormone Action</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>gene expression</subject><subject>Gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>gravitropism</subject><subject>Hot Temperature</subject><subject>Hypocotyls</subject><subject>indole acetic acid</subject><subject>Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism</subject><subject>metabolic inhibitors</subject><subject>mutants</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>phenotype</subject><subject>Phenotypes</subject><subject>Phthalimides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Phylogeny</subject><subject>plant development</subject><subject>Plant growth regulators</subject><subject>Plant physiology and development</subject><subject>Plant roots</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>pyruvic acid</subject><subject>roots</subject><subject>Seedlings</subject><subject>Seedlings - cytology</subject><subject>Seedlings - metabolism</subject><subject>temperature</subject><subject>tryptophan</subject><subject>Tryptophan Transaminase - genetics</subject><subject>Tryptophan Transaminase - metabolism</subject><issn>0032-0889</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNpVkc9v0zAUxy0EYl23I0fAl4lTin8m9gWpbGWLNLVT2p0t13G2jDTO7KRi_z0eqQqc_Oz30ffr974AfMBohjFiX7tuhpGcYSoEl2_ABHNKEsKZeAsmCMUaCSFPwGkITwghTDF7D06wTAlPqZiAn5tivlzfrYoNzJc3-fd8sypgsYgvy_WCwGvbWpgHWNjnofa2hJXzcD78qlu4fmn7RxvqAHVbwqt6b32wcB46a_oAXQXvGt328MrubeO6nW37M_Cu0k2w54dzCu5_LDaXN8nt6jq_nN8mhknRJ1huhUYpoYSJbSUNNoZha3iJWVZJzuNQLDWWlTzFW4JRKjIaL4RlXFAjUzoF30bdbtjubGmitdeN6ny90_5FOV2r_ztt_age3F6RjHIpXgW-HAS8ex5s6NWuDsY2cSDrhqCiH6JZ3GUkk5E03oXgbXV0wUi95qO6LpZSjflE_tO_X_tLHwKJwMUB0MHopvK6NXU4cgRLluG4myn4OHJPoXf-2GeI0yz7Y_R57FfaKf3go8b9msT8EU4znkpBfwPeiKje</recordid><startdate>20090901</startdate><enddate>20090901</enddate><creator>Yamada, Masashi</creator><creator>Greenham, Katie</creator><creator>Prigge, Michael J</creator><creator>Jensen, Philip J</creator><creator>Estelle, Mark</creator><general>American Society of Plant Biologists</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090901</creationdate><title>TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development</title><author>Yamada, Masashi ; Greenham, Katie ; Prigge, Michael J ; Jensen, Philip J ; Estelle, Mark</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c498t-19b8a0623248bf9c1cc41ec5d147f95503246ce4d561b21068734d5247583c963</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Arabidopsis - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - growth & development</topic><topic>Arabidopsis - metabolism</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Auxins</topic><topic>biochemical pathways</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>Cloning, Molecular</topic><topic>Development and Hormone Action</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>gene expression</topic><topic>Gene expression regulation</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>gravitropism</topic><topic>Hot Temperature</topic><topic>Hypocotyls</topic><topic>indole acetic acid</topic><topic>Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism</topic><topic>metabolic inhibitors</topic><topic>mutants</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>phenotype</topic><topic>Phenotypes</topic><topic>Phthalimides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Phylogeny</topic><topic>plant development</topic><topic>Plant growth regulators</topic><topic>Plant physiology and development</topic><topic>Plant roots</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>pyruvic acid</topic><topic>roots</topic><topic>Seedlings</topic><topic>Seedlings - cytology</topic><topic>Seedlings - metabolism</topic><topic>temperature</topic><topic>tryptophan</topic><topic>Tryptophan Transaminase - genetics</topic><topic>Tryptophan Transaminase - metabolism</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yamada, Masashi</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Greenham, Katie</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Prigge, Michael J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jensen, Philip J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Estelle, Mark</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yamada, Masashi</au><au>Greenham, Katie</au><au>Prigge, Michael J</au><au>Jensen, Philip J</au><au>Estelle, Mark</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development</atitle><jtitle>Plant physiology (Bethesda)</jtitle><addtitle>Plant Physiol</addtitle><date>2009-09-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>151</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>168</spage><epage>179</epage><pages>168-179</pages><issn>0032-0889</issn><issn>1532-2548</issn><eissn>1532-2548</eissn><coden>PPHYA5</coden><abstract>The plant hormone auxin plays an essential role in plant development. However, only a few auxin biosynthetic genes have been isolated and characterized. Here, we show that the TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 (TIR2) gene is required for many growth processes. Our studies indicate that the tir2 mutant is hypersensitive to 5-methyl-tryptophan, an inhibitor of tryptophan synthesis. Further, treatment with the proposed auxin biosynthetic intermediate indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) and indole-3-acetic acid rescues the tir2 short hypocotyl phenotype, suggesting that tir2 may be affected in the IPA auxin biosynthetic pathway. Molecular characterization revealed that TIR2 is identical to the TAA1 gene encoding a tryptophan aminotransferase. We show that TIR2 is regulated by temperature and is required for temperature-dependent hypocotyl elongation. Further, we find that expression of TIR2 is induced on the lower side of a gravitropically responding root. We propose that TIR2 contributes to a positive regulatory loop required for root gravitropism.</abstract><cop>Rockville, MD</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>19625638</pmid><doi>10.1104/pp.109.138859</doi><tpages>12</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Arabidopsis - genetics Arabidopsis - growth & development Arabidopsis - metabolism Arabidopsis Proteins - genetics Arabidopsis Proteins - metabolism Auxins biochemical pathways Biological and medical sciences Biosynthesis Cloning, Molecular Development and Hormone Action Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology gene expression Gene expression regulation Gene Expression Regulation, Plant - physiology Genes gravitropism Hot Temperature Hypocotyls indole acetic acid Indoleacetic Acids - metabolism metabolic inhibitors mutants Mutation phenotype Phenotypes Phthalimides - pharmacology Phylogeny plant development Plant growth regulators Plant physiology and development Plant roots Plants pyruvic acid roots Seedlings Seedlings - cytology Seedlings - metabolism temperature tryptophan Tryptophan Transaminase - genetics Tryptophan Transaminase - metabolism |
| title | TRANSPORT INHIBITOR RESPONSE2 Gene Is Required for Auxin Synthesis and Diverse Aspects of Plant Development |
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