Ripening-associated ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit is autocatalytically and developmentally regulated
To investigate the regulatory mechanism(s) of ethylene biosynthesis in fruit, transgenic tomatoes with all known LeEIL genes suppressed were produced by RNA interference engineering. The transgenic tomato exhibited ethylene insensitivity phenotypes such as non-ripening and the lack of the triple res...
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description | To investigate the regulatory mechanism(s) of ethylene biosynthesis in fruit, transgenic tomatoes with all known LeEIL genes suppressed were produced by RNA interference engineering. The transgenic tomato exhibited ethylene insensitivity phenotypes such as non-ripening and the lack of the triple response and petiole epinasty of seedlings even in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Transgenic fruit exhibited a low but consistent increase in ethylene production beyond 40 days after anthesis (DAA), with limited LeACS2 and LeACS4 expression. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a potent inhibitor of ethylene perception, failed to inhibit the limited increase in ethylene production and expression of the two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) genes in the transgenic fruit. These results suggest that ripening-associated ethylene (system 2) in wild-type tomato fruit consists of two parts: a small part regulated by a developmental factor through the ethylene-independent expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 and a large part regulated by an autocatalytic system due to the ethylene-dependent expression of the same genes. The results further suggest that basal ethylene (system 1) is less likely to be involved in the transition to system 2. Even if the effect of system 1 ethylene is eliminated, fruit can show a small increase in ethylene production due to unknown developmental factors. This increase would be enough for the stimulation of autocatalytic ethylene production, leading to fruit ripening. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1093/jxb/erp185 |
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The transgenic tomato exhibited ethylene insensitivity phenotypes such as non-ripening and the lack of the triple response and petiole epinasty of seedlings even in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Transgenic fruit exhibited a low but consistent increase in ethylene production beyond 40 days after anthesis (DAA), with limited LeACS2 and LeACS4 expression. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a potent inhibitor of ethylene perception, failed to inhibit the limited increase in ethylene production and expression of the two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) genes in the transgenic fruit. These results suggest that ripening-associated ethylene (system 2) in wild-type tomato fruit consists of two parts: a small part regulated by a developmental factor through the ethylene-independent expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 and a large part regulated by an autocatalytic system due to the ethylene-dependent expression of the same genes. The results further suggest that basal ethylene (system 1) is less likely to be involved in the transition to system 2. Even if the effect of system 1 ethylene is eliminated, fruit can show a small increase in ethylene production due to unknown developmental factors. This increase would be enough for the stimulation of autocatalytic ethylene production, leading to fruit ripening.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-0957</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1460-2431</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erp185</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19605457</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JEBOA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford: Oxford University Press</publisher><subject>ACS ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biosynthesis ; ethylene ; Ethylene production ; Ethylenes - biosynthesis ; Flowering ; Fruit - genetics ; Fruit - growth & development ; Fruit - physiology ; fruit ripening ; Fruits ; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology ; Gene expression regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Genes ; LeEIL ; Lyases - genetics ; Lyases - metabolism ; Lycopersicon esculentum - enzymology ; Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics ; Lycopersicon esculentum - growth & development ; Lycopersicon esculentum - physiology ; Plant Proteins - genetics ; Plant Proteins - metabolism ; Plants ; Receptors ; Research Papers ; Ripening ; tomato ; Transgenic plants</subject><ispartof>Journal of experimental botany, 2009-08, Vol.60 (12), p.3433-3442</ispartof><rights>Society for Experimental Biology 2009</rights><rights>2009 The Author(s). 2009</rights><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>2009 The Author(s).</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-98d2d39ed968c0e0f6fbffc561312003230c00389d218d9e09380ddbf357d87d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-98d2d39ed968c0e0f6fbffc561312003230c00389d218d9e09380ddbf357d87d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/24038453$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/24038453$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,803,885,1584,27924,27925,58017,58250</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21823777$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19605457$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Yokotani, Naoki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakano, Ryohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imanishi, Shunsuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagata, Masayasu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inaba, Akitsugu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Yasutaka</creatorcontrib><title>Ripening-associated ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit is autocatalytically and developmentally regulated</title><title>Journal of experimental botany</title><addtitle>J Exp Bot</addtitle><description>To investigate the regulatory mechanism(s) of ethylene biosynthesis in fruit, transgenic tomatoes with all known LeEIL genes suppressed were produced by RNA interference engineering. The transgenic tomato exhibited ethylene insensitivity phenotypes such as non-ripening and the lack of the triple response and petiole epinasty of seedlings even in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Transgenic fruit exhibited a low but consistent increase in ethylene production beyond 40 days after anthesis (DAA), with limited LeACS2 and LeACS4 expression. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a potent inhibitor of ethylene perception, failed to inhibit the limited increase in ethylene production and expression of the two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) genes in the transgenic fruit. These results suggest that ripening-associated ethylene (system 2) in wild-type tomato fruit consists of two parts: a small part regulated by a developmental factor through the ethylene-independent expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 and a large part regulated by an autocatalytic system due to the ethylene-dependent expression of the same genes. The results further suggest that basal ethylene (system 1) is less likely to be involved in the transition to system 2. Even if the effect of system 1 ethylene is eliminated, fruit can show a small increase in ethylene production due to unknown developmental factors. This increase would be enough for the stimulation of autocatalytic ethylene production, leading to fruit ripening.</description><subject>ACS</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biosynthesis</subject><subject>ethylene</subject><subject>Ethylene production</subject><subject>Ethylenes - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Flowering</subject><subject>Fruit - genetics</subject><subject>Fruit - growth & development</subject><subject>Fruit - physiology</subject><subject>fruit ripening</subject><subject>Fruits</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Gene expression regulation</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Genes</subject><subject>LeEIL</subject><subject>Lyases - genetics</subject><subject>Lyases - metabolism</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - enzymology</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - growth & development</subject><subject>Lycopersicon esculentum - physiology</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Plants</subject><subject>Receptors</subject><subject>Research Papers</subject><subject>Ripening</subject><subject>tomato</subject><subject>Transgenic plants</subject><issn>0022-0957</issn><issn>1460-2431</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kVFrFDEUhQdRbK2--K4MggjC2JtkMpm8FHSxVi0IoiK-hGyS2c2aTcYkU7r_3qy7bKsPPl245-Pk5pyqeozgFQJOTlfX81MTR9TTO9UxajtocEvQ3eoYAOMGOGVH1YOUVgBAgdL71RHiHdCWsuPKfbaj8dYvGplSUFZmo2uTlxtnvKnnNqSNz0uTbKqtr3NYyxzqIU4212UlpxyUzNJtslXSuU0tva61uTIujGvj859dNIvJbY0fVvcG6ZJ5tJ8n1dfzt19mF83lp3fvZ68vG0U55Ib3GmvCjeZdr8DA0A3zYVC0QwRhAIIJqDJ6rjHqNTclgx60ng-EMt0zTU6qs53vOM3XRqtySJROjNGuZdyIIK34W_F2KRbhSmCG246zYvBibxDDr8mkLNY2KeOc9CZMSTBCeEcxbMln_5CrMEVfficwoYA48K5AL3eQiiGlaIbDKQjEtkJRKhS7Cgv89PbxN-i-swI83wMyldCHKL2y6cCVTDBh7BYXpvH_Dz7ZcauUQ7zxaUvELSVFb3a6TdlcH3QZf4qOEUbFxfcf4hzNPr5pP3wTLfkNkzvNlA</recordid><startdate>20090801</startdate><enddate>20090801</enddate><creator>Yokotani, Naoki</creator><creator>Nakano, Ryohei</creator><creator>Imanishi, Shunsuke</creator><creator>Nagata, Masayasu</creator><creator>Inaba, Akitsugu</creator><creator>Kubo, Yasutaka</creator><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Oxford Publishing Limited (England)</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QO</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090801</creationdate><title>Ripening-associated ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit is autocatalytically and developmentally regulated</title><author>Yokotani, Naoki ; Nakano, Ryohei ; Imanishi, Shunsuke ; Nagata, Masayasu ; Inaba, Akitsugu ; Kubo, Yasutaka</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c590t-98d2d39ed968c0e0f6fbffc561312003230c00389d218d9e09380ddbf357d87d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>ACS</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biosynthesis</topic><topic>ethylene</topic><topic>Ethylene production</topic><topic>Ethylenes - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Flowering</topic><topic>Fruit - genetics</topic><topic>Fruit - growth & development</topic><topic>Fruit - physiology</topic><topic>fruit ripening</topic><topic>Fruits</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Gene expression regulation</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</topic><topic>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</topic><topic>Genes</topic><topic>LeEIL</topic><topic>Lyases - genetics</topic><topic>Lyases - metabolism</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - enzymology</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - growth & development</topic><topic>Lycopersicon esculentum - physiology</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Plant Proteins - metabolism</topic><topic>Plants</topic><topic>Receptors</topic><topic>Research Papers</topic><topic>Ripening</topic><topic>tomato</topic><topic>Transgenic plants</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Yokotani, Naoki</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nakano, Ryohei</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Imanishi, Shunsuke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nagata, Masayasu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Inaba, Akitsugu</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kubo, Yasutaka</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Biotechnology Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Calcium & Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of experimental botany</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Yokotani, Naoki</au><au>Nakano, Ryohei</au><au>Imanishi, Shunsuke</au><au>Nagata, Masayasu</au><au>Inaba, Akitsugu</au><au>Kubo, Yasutaka</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Ripening-associated ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit is autocatalytically and developmentally regulated</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental botany</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Bot</addtitle><date>2009-08-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>60</volume><issue>12</issue><spage>3433</spage><epage>3442</epage><pages>3433-3442</pages><issn>0022-0957</issn><eissn>1460-2431</eissn><coden>JEBOA6</coden><abstract>To investigate the regulatory mechanism(s) of ethylene biosynthesis in fruit, transgenic tomatoes with all known LeEIL genes suppressed were produced by RNA interference engineering. The transgenic tomato exhibited ethylene insensitivity phenotypes such as non-ripening and the lack of the triple response and petiole epinasty of seedlings even in the presence of exogenous ethylene. Transgenic fruit exhibited a low but consistent increase in ethylene production beyond 40 days after anthesis (DAA), with limited LeACS2 and LeACS4 expression. 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-MCP), a potent inhibitor of ethylene perception, failed to inhibit the limited increase in ethylene production and expression of the two 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase (ACS) genes in the transgenic fruit. These results suggest that ripening-associated ethylene (system 2) in wild-type tomato fruit consists of two parts: a small part regulated by a developmental factor through the ethylene-independent expression of LeACS2 and LeACS4 and a large part regulated by an autocatalytic system due to the ethylene-dependent expression of the same genes. The results further suggest that basal ethylene (system 1) is less likely to be involved in the transition to system 2. Even if the effect of system 1 ethylene is eliminated, fruit can show a small increase in ethylene production due to unknown developmental factors. This increase would be enough for the stimulation of autocatalytic ethylene production, leading to fruit ripening.</abstract><cop>Oxford</cop><pub>Oxford University Press</pub><pmid>19605457</pmid><doi>10.1093/jxb/erp185</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | ACS Biological and medical sciences Biosynthesis ethylene Ethylene production Ethylenes - biosynthesis Flowering Fruit - genetics Fruit - growth & development Fruit - physiology fruit ripening Fruits Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Gene expression regulation Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Genes LeEIL Lyases - genetics Lyases - metabolism Lycopersicon esculentum - enzymology Lycopersicon esculentum - genetics Lycopersicon esculentum - growth & development Lycopersicon esculentum - physiology Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism Plants Receptors Research Papers Ripening tomato Transgenic plants |
title | Ripening-associated ethylene biosynthesis in tomato fruit is autocatalytically and developmentally regulated |
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