Immediate and Delayed Effects of Word Frequency and Word Length on Eye Movements in Reading: A Reversed Delayed Effect of Word Length
Three experiments examined the effects in sentence reading of varying the frequency and length of an adjective on (a) fixations on the adjective and (b) fixations on the following noun. The gaze duration on the adjective was longer for low frequency than for high frequency adjectives and longer for...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance 2008-06, Vol.34 (3), p.726-750 |
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| container_title | Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance |
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| creator | Pollatsek, Alexander Juhasz, Barbara J Reichle, Erik D Machacek, Debra Rayner, Keith |
| description | Three experiments examined the effects in sentence reading of varying the frequency and length of an adjective on (a) fixations on the adjective and (b) fixations on the following noun. The gaze duration on the adjective was longer for low frequency than for high frequency adjectives and longer for long adjectives than for short adjectives. This contrasted with the spillover effects: Gaze durations on the noun were longer when adjectives were low frequency but were actually shorter when the adjectives were long. The latter effect, which seems anomalous, can be explained by three mechanisms: (a) Fixations on the noun are less optimal after short adjectives because of less optimal targeting; (b) shorter adjectives are more difficult to process because they have more neighbors; and (c) prior fixations before skips are less advantageous places to extract parafoveal information. The viability of these hypotheses as explanations of this reverse length effect on the noun was examined in simulations using an updated version of the E-Z Reader model (
A. Pollatsek, K. Reichle, & E. D. Rayner, 2006c
;
E. D. Reichle, A. Pollatsek, D. L. Fisher, & K. Rayner, 1998
). |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1037/0096-1523.34.3.726 |
| format | Article |
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A. Pollatsek, K. Reichle, & E. D. Rayner, 2006c
;
E. D. Reichle, A. Pollatsek, D. L. Fisher, & K. Rayner, 1998
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A. Pollatsek, K. Reichle, & E. D. Rayner, 2006c
;
E. D. Reichle, A. Pollatsek, D. L. Fisher, & K. Rayner, 1998
).</description><subject>Adjectives</subject><subject>Attention</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cognition & reasoning</subject><subject>Cognitive Processes</subject><subject>College Students</subject><subject>Delayed</subject><subject>Experimental Psychology</subject><subject>Eye Fixation</subject><subject>Eye Movements</subject><subject>Fishermen</subject><subject>Fixation</subject><subject>Fixation, Ocular</subject><subject>Form Classes (Languages)</subject><subject>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</subject><subject>Human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Language</subject><subject>Linguistics - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Nouns</subject><subject>Production and perception of written language</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</subject><subject>Psychology. Psychophysiology</subject><subject>Reaction Time</subject><subject>Reading</subject><subject>Saccades - physiology</subject><subject>Sentences</subject><subject>Simulation</subject><subject>Visual Perception</subject><subject>Visual Stimuli</subject><subject>Vocabulary</subject><subject>Word Frequency</subject><issn>0096-1523</issn><issn>1939-1277</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kk2LFDEQhoMo7rj6B0QkLH6cesxXJ52LIOusrowIonjwENLpZKaX7qRNehb735veGWbVw-aQQNVTL_VWBYCnGC0xouINQpIXuCR0SdmSLgXh98ACSyoLTIS4DxZH4AQ8SukK5YOr8iE4yTcqKWUL8POy723T6tFC7Rv43nZ6sg1cOWfNmGBw8EeIDbyI9tfOejPdUDehtfWbcQuDh6vJws_h2vbW55LWw69WN63fPAYPnO6SfXJ4T8H3i9W384_F-suHy_N360KXnI-FJkxzjRhFDSUI1U1VMcekM6SUTtauxqg0jAquMStr7ESFaySFIMgKa6Sjp-DtXnfY1dmMyW1E3akhtr2Okwq6Vf9mfLtVm3CtiMCllCQLvD4IxJBtplH1bTK267S3YZeUYCQPV8gyk6_uJpHgomIog2f_gVdhF30eg-KYMSGZlHdBJEOVxFhkiOwhE0NK0bqjMYzU_A_UvGY1r1lRpqjKreai53-P5LbksPgMvDwAOhnduai9adORI4jyivKZe7bnbGzNMb36JCQncrb5Yp_Wg1ZDmoyOY2s6m9Tv7XDbzh_nDs6V</recordid><startdate>20080601</startdate><enddate>20080601</enddate><creator>Pollatsek, Alexander</creator><creator>Juhasz, Barbara J</creator><creator>Reichle, Erik D</creator><creator>Machacek, Debra</creator><creator>Rayner, Keith</creator><general>American Psychological Association</general><scope>7SW</scope><scope>BJH</scope><scope>BNH</scope><scope>BNI</scope><scope>BNJ</scope><scope>BNO</scope><scope>ERI</scope><scope>PET</scope><scope>REK</scope><scope>WWN</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7RZ</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080601</creationdate><title>Immediate and Delayed Effects of Word Frequency and Word Length on Eye Movements in Reading</title><author>Pollatsek, Alexander ; Juhasz, Barbara J ; Reichle, Erik D ; Machacek, Debra ; Rayner, Keith</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-a566t-a24a6a0430d3200bd884f49fc259f9bfb105c4376a145b1f781b097720e7ec9f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Adjectives</topic><topic>Attention</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cognition & reasoning</topic><topic>Cognitive Processes</topic><topic>College Students</topic><topic>Delayed</topic><topic>Experimental Psychology</topic><topic>Eye Fixation</topic><topic>Eye Movements</topic><topic>Fishermen</topic><topic>Fixation</topic><topic>Fixation, Ocular</topic><topic>Form Classes (Languages)</topic><topic>Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Language</topic><topic>Linguistics - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Nouns</topic><topic>Production and perception of written language</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry</topic><topic>Psychology. Psychophysiology</topic><topic>Reaction Time</topic><topic>Reading</topic><topic>Saccades - physiology</topic><topic>Sentences</topic><topic>Simulation</topic><topic>Visual Perception</topic><topic>Visual Stimuli</topic><topic>Vocabulary</topic><topic>Word Frequency</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Pollatsek, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Juhasz, Barbara J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Reichle, Erik D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Machacek, Debra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rayner, Keith</creatorcontrib><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Ovid)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>ERIC( SilverPlatter )</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>ERIC PlusText (Legacy Platform)</collection><collection>Education Resources Information Center (ERIC)</collection><collection>ERIC</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>APA PsycArticles®</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Pollatsek, Alexander</au><au>Juhasz, Barbara J</au><au>Reichle, Erik D</au><au>Machacek, Debra</au><au>Rayner, Keith</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><ericid>EJ796290</ericid><atitle>Immediate and Delayed Effects of Word Frequency and Word Length on Eye Movements in Reading: A Reversed Delayed Effect of Word Length</atitle><jtitle>Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform</addtitle><date>2008-06-01</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>34</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>726</spage><epage>750</epage><pages>726-750</pages><issn>0096-1523</issn><eissn>1939-1277</eissn><coden>JPHPDH</coden><abstract>Three experiments examined the effects in sentence reading of varying the frequency and length of an adjective on (a) fixations on the adjective and (b) fixations on the following noun. The gaze duration on the adjective was longer for low frequency than for high frequency adjectives and longer for long adjectives than for short adjectives. This contrasted with the spillover effects: Gaze durations on the noun were longer when adjectives were low frequency but were actually shorter when the adjectives were long. The latter effect, which seems anomalous, can be explained by three mechanisms: (a) Fixations on the noun are less optimal after short adjectives because of less optimal targeting; (b) shorter adjectives are more difficult to process because they have more neighbors; and (c) prior fixations before skips are less advantageous places to extract parafoveal information. The viability of these hypotheses as explanations of this reverse length effect on the noun was examined in simulations using an updated version of the E-Z Reader model (
A. Pollatsek, K. Reichle, & E. D. Rayner, 2006c
;
E. D. Reichle, A. Pollatsek, D. L. Fisher, & K. Rayner, 1998
).</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>American Psychological Association</pub><pmid>18505334</pmid><doi>10.1037/0096-1523.34.3.726</doi><tpages>25</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance, 2008-06, Vol.34 (3), p.726-750 |
| issn | 0096-1523 1939-1277 |
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| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; EBSCOhost APA PsycARTICLES |
| subjects | Adjectives Attention Biological and medical sciences Cognition & reasoning Cognitive Processes College Students Delayed Experimental Psychology Eye Fixation Eye Movements Fishermen Fixation Fixation, Ocular Form Classes (Languages) Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology Human Humans Language Linguistics - statistics & numerical data Nouns Production and perception of written language Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry Psychology. Psychophysiology Reaction Time Reading Saccades - physiology Sentences Simulation Visual Perception Visual Stimuli Vocabulary Word Frequency |
| title | Immediate and Delayed Effects of Word Frequency and Word Length on Eye Movements in Reading: A Reversed Delayed Effect of Word Length |
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