First Nationwide Study of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Optimal Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases of Iran
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide the first national estimate on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components and the first ethnic-specific cutoff point for waist circumference in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This national survey was...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Diabetes care 2009-06, Vol.32 (6), p.1092-1097 |
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| creator | Delavari, Alireza Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein Alikhani, Siamak Sharifian, Afsaneh Kelishadi, Roya |
| description | OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide the first national estimate on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components and the first ethnic-specific cutoff point for waist circumference in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This national survey was conducted in 2007 on 3,024 Iranians aged 25-64 years living in urban and rural areas of all 30 provinces in Iran. The metabolic syndrome was defined by different criteria, namely the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and the modified definition of the NCEP/ATP III (ATP III/American Heart Association [AHA]/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI]). RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was about 34.7% (95% CI 33.1-36.2) based on the ATP III criteria, 37.4% (35.9-39.0%) based on the IDF definition, and 41.6% (40.1-43.2%) based on the ATP III/AHA/NHLBI criteria. By all definitions, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher in women, in urban areas, and in the 55- to 64-year age-group compared with the prevalence in men, in rural areas, and in other age-groups, respectively. The metabolic syndrome was estimated to affect >11 million Iranians. The optimal cutoff point of waist circumference for predicting at least two other components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the IDF was 89 cm for men and 91 cm for women. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with its considerable burden on the middle-aged population mandates the implementation of national policies for its prevention, notably by tackling obesity. The waist circumference cutoff points obtained can be used in the region. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2337/dc08-1800 |
| format | Article |
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RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This national survey was conducted in 2007 on 3,024 Iranians aged 25-64 years living in urban and rural areas of all 30 provinces in Iran. The metabolic syndrome was defined by different criteria, namely the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and the modified definition of the NCEP/ATP III (ATP III/American Heart Association [AHA]/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI]). RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was about 34.7% (95% CI 33.1-36.2) based on the ATP III criteria, 37.4% (35.9-39.0%) based on the IDF definition, and 41.6% (40.1-43.2%) based on the ATP III/AHA/NHLBI criteria. By all definitions, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher in women, in urban areas, and in the 55- to 64-year age-group compared with the prevalence in men, in rural areas, and in other age-groups, respectively. The metabolic syndrome was estimated to affect >11 million Iranians. The optimal cutoff point of waist circumference for predicting at least two other components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the IDF was 89 cm for men and 91 cm for women. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with its considerable burden on the middle-aged population mandates the implementation of national policies for its prevention, notably by tackling obesity. The waist circumference cutoff points obtained can be used in the region.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0149-5992</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1935-5548</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2337/dc08-1800</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19279302</identifier><identifier>CODEN: DICAD2</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Alexandria, VA: American Diabetes Association</publisher><subject>Adult ; Biological and medical sciences ; Blood Pressure ; Body Mass Index ; Cholesterol ; Cholesterol - blood ; Cholesterol, HDL - blood ; Cholesterol, LDL - blood ; Confidence intervals ; Data collection ; Developing countries ; Diabetes ; Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance ; Disease control ; Education ; Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) ; Endocrinopathies ; Female ; Health Surveys ; Humans ; Iran - epidemiology ; LDCs ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Medicine, Experimental ; Mens health ; Metabolic diseases ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - blood ; Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Original Research ; Other metabolic disorders ; Prevalence ; Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Quality standards ; Risk Factors ; Rural Population - statistics & numerical data ; Standardization ; Statistical methods ; Surveys ; Triglycerides - blood ; Urban health care ; Urban Population - statistics & numerical data ; Waist Circumference - physiology ; Womens health</subject><ispartof>Diabetes care, 2009-06, Vol.32 (6), p.1092-1097</ispartof><rights>2009 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2009 American Diabetes Association</rights><rights>Copyright American Diabetes Association Jun 2009</rights><rights>2009 by the American Diabetes Association.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27923,27924</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=21563501$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19279302$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Delavari, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alikhani, Siamak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharifian, Afsaneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelishadi, Roya</creatorcontrib><title>First Nationwide Study of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Optimal Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases of Iran</title><title>Diabetes care</title><addtitle>Diabetes Care</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide the first national estimate on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components and the first ethnic-specific cutoff point for waist circumference in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This national survey was conducted in 2007 on 3,024 Iranians aged 25-64 years living in urban and rural areas of all 30 provinces in Iran. The metabolic syndrome was defined by different criteria, namely the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and the modified definition of the NCEP/ATP III (ATP III/American Heart Association [AHA]/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI]). RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was about 34.7% (95% CI 33.1-36.2) based on the ATP III criteria, 37.4% (35.9-39.0%) based on the IDF definition, and 41.6% (40.1-43.2%) based on the ATP III/AHA/NHLBI criteria. By all definitions, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher in women, in urban areas, and in the 55- to 64-year age-group compared with the prevalence in men, in rural areas, and in other age-groups, respectively. The metabolic syndrome was estimated to affect >11 million Iranians. The optimal cutoff point of waist circumference for predicting at least two other components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the IDF was 89 cm for men and 91 cm for women. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with its considerable burden on the middle-aged population mandates the implementation of national policies for its prevention, notably by tackling obesity. The waist circumference cutoff points obtained can be used in the region.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Blood Pressure</subject><subject>Body Mass Index</subject><subject>Cholesterol</subject><subject>Cholesterol - blood</subject><subject>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</subject><subject>Cholesterol, LDL - blood</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>Data collection</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</subject><subject>Disease control</subject><subject>Education</subject><subject>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</subject><subject>Endocrinopathies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health Surveys</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Iran - epidemiology</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Medicine, Experimental</subject><subject>Mens health</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - blood</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Other metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Quality standards</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Rural Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Standardization</subject><subject>Statistical methods</subject><subject>Surveys</subject><subject>Triglycerides - blood</subject><subject>Urban health care</subject><subject>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Waist Circumference - physiology</subject><subject>Womens health</subject><issn>0149-5992</issn><issn>1935-5548</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNptkt1u0zAUxyMEYmNwwQuAhQR3GY6dxAkXSFNZYdLYJrqJy8i1jzuPxC62U9S35JE4a7sJ0GTJlo5_538-s-xlQQ8Z5-K9VrTJi4bSR9l-0fIqr6qyeZzt06Js86pt2V72LMYbSmlZNs3TbK9omWg5ZfvZ76kNMZEzmax3v6wGMkujXhNvSLoGchFgJXtwCu4sXyHJue-tIrO108EPQKTT5HyZ7CB7MhmTN4ZceOtSvPX5Li3qT2xQ42AgbKSs20pZrXsgxzKmD-QSDdssUGU2hhVskvhm4w8ylSr5EInxgZx5p_wwjM4qOUfvTzaCjLCJdRKke549MbKP8GL3HmRX0-PLyZf89PzzyeToNDclYwnvtqTQlGoOopGmFqLQFfaLayqUNEZRroEL1hSaU1lLI0o5Z6plmpeKA-cH2cet7nKcD6AVuBRk3y0DtiGsOy9t9--Ps9fdwq86VjcF5RUKvNsJBP9zhJi6wUYFfS8d-DF2tWCi5q1A8M1_4I0fA7YpdozhENuyvE0n30ILHFdnnfEYVC3AAcb2DoxF8xGjuCUF5y3yhw_weDQMVj3o8Orveu8LvVslBN7uABmV7A3OQtl4z7Giqjl2GLnXW85I38lFQOZqhnE4LWpeUi74H1gG4yk</recordid><startdate>20090601</startdate><enddate>20090601</enddate><creator>Delavari, Alireza</creator><creator>Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein</creator><creator>Alikhani, Siamak</creator><creator>Sharifian, Afsaneh</creator><creator>Kelishadi, Roya</creator><general>American Diabetes Association</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090601</creationdate><title>First Nationwide Study of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Optimal Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases of Iran</title><author>Delavari, Alireza ; Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein ; Alikhani, Siamak ; Sharifian, Afsaneh ; Kelishadi, Roya</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-f422t-f4940e84cbe78af6771d50143d07caffc03de37281d30a6af74ab2c92d34c3e33</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Blood Pressure</topic><topic>Body Mass Index</topic><topic>Cholesterol</topic><topic>Cholesterol - blood</topic><topic>Cholesterol, HDL - blood</topic><topic>Cholesterol, LDL - blood</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>Data collection</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance</topic><topic>Disease control</topic><topic>Education</topic><topic>Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases)</topic><topic>Endocrinopathies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health Surveys</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Iran - epidemiology</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Medicine, Experimental</topic><topic>Mens health</topic><topic>Metabolic diseases</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - blood</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Other metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Prevalence studies (Epidemiology)</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Quality standards</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Rural Population - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Standardization</topic><topic>Statistical methods</topic><topic>Surveys</topic><topic>Triglycerides - blood</topic><topic>Urban health care</topic><topic>Urban Population - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Waist Circumference - physiology</topic><topic>Womens health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Delavari, Alireza</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alikhani, Siamak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharifian, Afsaneh</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Kelishadi, Roya</creatorcontrib><collection>AGRIS</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Diabetes care</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Delavari, Alireza</au><au>Forouzanfar, Mohammad Hossein</au><au>Alikhani, Siamak</au><au>Sharifian, Afsaneh</au><au>Kelishadi, Roya</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>First Nationwide Study of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Optimal Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases of Iran</atitle><jtitle>Diabetes care</jtitle><addtitle>Diabetes Care</addtitle><date>2009-06-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>32</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>1092</spage><epage>1097</epage><pages>1092-1097</pages><issn>0149-5992</issn><eissn>1935-5548</eissn><coden>DICAD2</coden><abstract>OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to provide the first national estimate on the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome and its components and the first ethnic-specific cutoff point for waist circumference in the Eastern Mediterranean Region. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: This national survey was conducted in 2007 on 3,024 Iranians aged 25-64 years living in urban and rural areas of all 30 provinces in Iran. The metabolic syndrome was defined by different criteria, namely the definition of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III), the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria, and the modified definition of the NCEP/ATP III (ATP III/American Heart Association [AHA]/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute [NHLBI]). RESULTS: The age-standardized prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was about 34.7% (95% CI 33.1-36.2) based on the ATP III criteria, 37.4% (35.9-39.0%) based on the IDF definition, and 41.6% (40.1-43.2%) based on the ATP III/AHA/NHLBI criteria. By all definitions, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was higher in women, in urban areas, and in the 55- to 64-year age-group compared with the prevalence in men, in rural areas, and in other age-groups, respectively. The metabolic syndrome was estimated to affect >11 million Iranians. The optimal cutoff point of waist circumference for predicting at least two other components of the metabolic syndrome as defined by the IDF was 89 cm for men and 91 cm for women. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of the metabolic syndrome with its considerable burden on the middle-aged population mandates the implementation of national policies for its prevention, notably by tackling obesity. The waist circumference cutoff points obtained can be used in the region.</abstract><cop>Alexandria, VA</cop><pub>American Diabetes Association</pub><pmid>19279302</pmid><doi>10.2337/dc08-1800</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Diabetes care, 2009-06, Vol.32 (6), p.1092-1097 |
| issn | 0149-5992 1935-5548 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals |
| subjects | Adult Biological and medical sciences Blood Pressure Body Mass Index Cholesterol Cholesterol - blood Cholesterol, HDL - blood Cholesterol, LDL - blood Confidence intervals Data collection Developing countries Diabetes Diabetes. Impaired glucose tolerance Disease control Education Endocrine pancreas. Apud cells (diseases) Endocrinopathies Female Health Surveys Humans Iran - epidemiology LDCs Male Medical research Medical sciences Medicine, Experimental Mens health Metabolic diseases Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - blood Metabolic Syndrome - epidemiology Middle Aged Miscellaneous Original Research Other metabolic disorders Prevalence Prevalence studies (Epidemiology) Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Quality standards Risk Factors Rural Population - statistics & numerical data Standardization Statistical methods Surveys Triglycerides - blood Urban health care Urban Population - statistics & numerical data Waist Circumference - physiology Womens health |
| title | First Nationwide Study of the Prevalence of the Metabolic Syndrome and Optimal Cutoff Points of Waist Circumference in the Middle East: The National Survey of Risk Factors for Noncommunicable Diseases of Iran |
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