Roles of RNA polymerase IV in gene silencing
Eukaryotes typically have three multi-subunit enzymes that decode the nuclear genome into RNA: DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III (Pol I, II and III). Remarkably, higher plants have five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous Pol I, II and III, which are essential for viabili...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Trends in plant science 2008-07, Vol.13 (7), p.390-397 |
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| creator | Pikaard, Craig S. Haag, Jeremy R. Ream, Thomas Wierzbicki, Andrzej T. |
| description | Eukaryotes typically have three multi-subunit enzymes that decode the nuclear genome into RNA: DNA-dependent RNA polymerases I, II and III (Pol I, II and III). Remarkably, higher plants have five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous Pol I, II and III, which are essential for viability; plus two non-essential polymerases, Pol IVa and Pol IVb, which specialize in small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways. There are numerous examples of phenomena that require Pol IVa and/or Pol IVb, including RNA-directed DNA methylation of endogenous repetitive elements, silencing of transgenes, regulation of flowering-time genes, inducible regulation of adjacent gene pairs, and spreading of mobile silencing signals. Although biochemical details concerning Pol IV enzymatic activities are lacking, genetic evidence suggests several alternative models for how Pol IV might function. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1016/j.tplants.2008.04.008 |
| format | Article |
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Remarkably, higher plants have five multi-subunit nuclear RNA polymerases: the ubiquitous Pol I, II and III, which are essential for viability; plus two non-essential polymerases, Pol IVa and Pol IVb, which specialize in small RNA-mediated gene silencing pathways. There are numerous examples of phenomena that require Pol IVa and/or Pol IVb, including RNA-directed DNA methylation of endogenous repetitive elements, silencing of transgenes, regulation of flowering-time genes, inducible regulation of adjacent gene pairs, and spreading of mobile silencing signals. 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Although biochemical details concerning Pol IV enzymatic activities are lacking, genetic evidence suggests several alternative models for how Pol IV might function.</description><subject>Catalytic Domain</subject><subject>DNA methylation</subject><subject>DNA-directed RNA polymerase</subject><subject>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - chemistry</subject><subject>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics</subject><subject>DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism</subject><subject>enzyme activity</subject><subject>Flowers - genetics</subject><subject>Flowers - growth & development</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental</subject><subject>Gene Expression Regulation, Plant</subject><subject>Gene Silencing</subject><subject>literature reviews</subject><subject>Models, Molecular</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - chemistry</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Plant Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>RNA silencing</subject><subject>small interfering RNA</subject><issn>1360-1385</issn><issn>1878-4372</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkVtv1DAQhSNERS_wE4A88UTSGdvx5QVUVRQqVUUqlFfL60wWr7Lx1s5W6r-vq11xeerTGWm-OZqZU1VvEVoElKerdt6MbppzywB0C6It8qI6Qq10I7hiL0vNJTTIdXdYHee8AgCFWr6qDlF3KDopj6qPN3GkXMehvrk-qzdxfFhTcpnqy191mOolTVTnMNLkw7R8XR0Mbsz0Zq8n1e3Fl5_n35qr718vz8-uGt8xmBumUApP2HdoHArNlXO4YF7jAnAwSBy94oOQXEhGyvtBoKGeaQ4LJrjgJ9Wnne9mu1hT72makxvtJoW1Sw82umD_70zht13Ge8ukMqxTxeDD3iDFuy3l2a5D9jSWh1HcZisNB8mkfhZEo4wxghew24E-xZwTDX-2QbBPgdiV3QdinwKxIGyRMvfu31P-Tu0TKMD7HTC4aN0yhWxvfzBADmCQG8MK8XlHUHn5faBksw8lEOpDIj_bPoZnlngEVf6m8w</recordid><startdate>20080701</startdate><enddate>20080701</enddate><creator>Pikaard, Craig S.</creator><creator>Haag, Jeremy R.</creator><creator>Ream, Thomas</creator><creator>Wierzbicki, Andrzej T.</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><general>[Kidlington, Oxford, UK]: Elsevier Science Ltd</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080701</creationdate><title>Roles of RNA polymerase IV in gene silencing</title><author>Pikaard, Craig S. ; 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| ispartof | Trends in plant science, 2008-07, Vol.13 (7), p.390-397 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elsevier ScienceDirect Journals Complete |
| subjects | Catalytic Domain DNA methylation DNA-directed RNA polymerase DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - chemistry DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - genetics DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases - metabolism enzyme activity Flowers - genetics Flowers - growth & development Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental Gene Expression Regulation, Plant Gene Silencing literature reviews Models, Molecular Plant Proteins - chemistry Plant Proteins - genetics Plant Proteins - metabolism RNA silencing small interfering RNA |
| title | Roles of RNA polymerase IV in gene silencing |
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