Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study
Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of adverse birth outcome in women who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy. Design and setting: Population based cohort study and a case-control study, both based on data from a prescription registry, the Danish birth registry, and one...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ 2001-02, Vol.322 (7281), p.266-270 |
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| description | Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of adverse birth outcome in women who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy. Design and setting: Population based cohort study and a case-control study, both based on data from a prescription registry, the Danish birth registry, and one county's hospital discharge registry. Participants: Cohort study: 1462 pregnant women who had taken up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the period from 30 days before conception to birth and 17 259 pregnant women who were not prescribed any drugs during pregnancy. Case-control study: 4268 women who had miscarriages, of whom 63 had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 29 750 primiparous controls who had live births. Main outcome measures: Incidences of congenital abnormality, low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. Results: Odds ratios for congenital abnormality, low birth weight, and preterm birth among women who took up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.75), 0.79 (0.45 to 1.38), and 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) respectively. Odds ratios for the taking up of prescriptions in the weeks before miscarriage ranged from 6.99 (2.75 to 17.74) when prescriptions were taken up during the last week before the miscarriage to 2.69 (1.81 to 4.00) when taken up between 7 and 9 weeks before. The risk estimates were no different when the analysis was restricted to missed abortions. Conclusions: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy does not seem to increase the risk of adverse birth outcome but is associated with increased risk of miscarriage. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmj.322.7281.266 |
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| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_26578</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>25466078</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>25466078</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b666t-1313081ccff5c9080ecaefec77fc711ca9c30ab9584814c46e1d799a29c4291a3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkluLEzEcxQdR3LLuuy9KUPBFpuYyk4v4IvUKi8KiffAlZDKZbrozSU0yxX4gv6eZttRVEJ8COb-T_C-nKB4iOEeI0BfNsJ4TjOcMczTHlN4pZqiivKw5IXeLGRS1KDki_Ky4iHENIcSEcUHr-8UZQqhmNaaz4ueVjTfAd0C1WxOiAY0N6Rr4MWk_GKBcCwYbtQrBqpUB1oFNMCunXAJjzIbJ6rwrYzLB21b12ZJsaV3Xq2FQyYcdaMO4ii_Bxm_GXiXrHWhUNC3wTX5hu7_JvpjGdrf_UGe11N6l4I_XD4p7neqjuTie58XXd2-_LD6Ul5_ff1y8viwbSmkqEUEEcqR119VaQA6NVqYzmrFOM4S0EppA1YiaVxxVuqIGtUwIhYWusECKnBevDu9uxmYwrTa5BtXLTbCDCjvplZV_Ks5ey5XfSkxrxrP92dEe_PfRxCSn2Zm-V874MUrEMSEMsQw--Qtc-zHkKUSJYQUJqZDI0NN_QYgxRqGAFc0UPFA6-BiD6U7VIiinnMicE5lzIqec5EIny-PbXf42HFNx62eVV993QTlt44njedh06vbRgVrHvOaTiuuKUrifRnnQbQ7Hj5Ouwo2kjLBaflou5LeaULK8Wso3mX9-4KeC_9vEL11-8FM</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777609046</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>Jstor Complete Legacy</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge ; Sørensen, Henrik Toft ; Larsen, Helle ; Pedersen, Lars</creator><creatorcontrib>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge ; Sørensen, Henrik Toft ; Larsen, Helle ; Pedersen, Lars</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of adverse birth outcome in women who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy. Design and setting: Population based cohort study and a case-control study, both based on data from a prescription registry, the Danish birth registry, and one county's hospital discharge registry. Participants: Cohort study: 1462 pregnant women who had taken up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the period from 30 days before conception to birth and 17 259 pregnant women who were not prescribed any drugs during pregnancy. Case-control study: 4268 women who had miscarriages, of whom 63 had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 29 750 primiparous controls who had live births. Main outcome measures: Incidences of congenital abnormality, low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. Results: Odds ratios for congenital abnormality, low birth weight, and preterm birth among women who took up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.75), 0.79 (0.45 to 1.38), and 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) respectively. Odds ratios for the taking up of prescriptions in the weeks before miscarriage ranged from 6.99 (2.75 to 17.74) when prescriptions were taken up during the last week before the miscarriage to 2.69 (1.81 to 4.00) when taken up between 7 and 9 weeks before. The risk estimates were no different when the analysis was restricted to missed abortions. Conclusions: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy does not seem to increase the risk of adverse birth outcome but is associated with increased risk of miscarriage.</description><edition>International edition</edition><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8138</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8146</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-5833</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmj.322.7281.266</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11157526</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BMJOAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Abnormalities, Drug-Induced - etiology ; Abortion, Spontaneous - chemically induced ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Analytical estimating ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects ; antiinflammatory agents ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birth defects ; birth weight ; Case control studies ; Cohort Studies ; Denmark ; Diseases of mother, fetus and pregnancy ; Drug prescriptions ; Drugs ; Female ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Humans ; Infant, Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Newborn ; Infant, Premature ; Live births ; Low birth weight ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Miscarriage ; non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents ; Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents ; Odds Ratio ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy. Fetus. Placenta ; Prescription drugs ; Registries ; Risk</subject><ispartof>BMJ, 2001-02, Vol.322 (7281), p.266-270</ispartof><rights>2001 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright 2001 BMJ</rights><rights>2001 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2001 (c) 2001 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright British Medical Association Feb 3, 2001</rights><rights>Copyright © 2001, BMJ 2001</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b666t-1313081ccff5c9080ecaefec77fc711ca9c30ab9584814c46e1d799a29c4291a3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25466078$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25466078$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,800,882,27905,27906,30980,57998,58231</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=866668$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11157526$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sørensen, Henrik Toft</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larsen, Helle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Lars</creatorcontrib><title>Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study</title><title>BMJ</title><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of adverse birth outcome in women who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy. Design and setting: Population based cohort study and a case-control study, both based on data from a prescription registry, the Danish birth registry, and one county's hospital discharge registry. Participants: Cohort study: 1462 pregnant women who had taken up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the period from 30 days before conception to birth and 17 259 pregnant women who were not prescribed any drugs during pregnancy. Case-control study: 4268 women who had miscarriages, of whom 63 had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 29 750 primiparous controls who had live births. Main outcome measures: Incidences of congenital abnormality, low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. Results: Odds ratios for congenital abnormality, low birth weight, and preterm birth among women who took up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.75), 0.79 (0.45 to 1.38), and 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) respectively. Odds ratios for the taking up of prescriptions in the weeks before miscarriage ranged from 6.99 (2.75 to 17.74) when prescriptions were taken up during the last week before the miscarriage to 2.69 (1.81 to 4.00) when taken up between 7 and 9 weeks before. The risk estimates were no different when the analysis was restricted to missed abortions. Conclusions: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy does not seem to increase the risk of adverse birth outcome but is associated with increased risk of miscarriage.</description><subject>Abnormalities, Drug-Induced - etiology</subject><subject>Abortion, Spontaneous - chemically induced</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Analytical estimating</subject><subject>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects</subject><subject>antiinflammatory agents</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birth defects</subject><subject>birth weight</subject><subject>Case control studies</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Denmark</subject><subject>Diseases of mother, fetus and pregnancy</subject><subject>Drug prescriptions</subject><subject>Drugs</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant, Low Birth Weight</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infant, Premature</subject><subject>Live births</subject><subject>Low birth weight</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscarriage</subject><subject>non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents</subject><subject>Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Pregnancy. Fetus. Placenta</subject><subject>Prescription drugs</subject><subject>Registries</subject><subject>Risk</subject><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><issn>1468-5833</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2001</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkluLEzEcxQdR3LLuuy9KUPBFpuYyk4v4IvUKi8KiffAlZDKZbrozSU0yxX4gv6eZttRVEJ8COb-T_C-nKB4iOEeI0BfNsJ4TjOcMczTHlN4pZqiivKw5IXeLGRS1KDki_Ky4iHENIcSEcUHr-8UZQqhmNaaz4ueVjTfAd0C1WxOiAY0N6Rr4MWk_GKBcCwYbtQrBqpUB1oFNMCunXAJjzIbJ6rwrYzLB21b12ZJsaV3Xq2FQyYcdaMO4ii_Bxm_GXiXrHWhUNC3wTX5hu7_JvpjGdrf_UGe11N6l4I_XD4p7neqjuTie58XXd2-_LD6Ul5_ff1y8viwbSmkqEUEEcqR119VaQA6NVqYzmrFOM4S0EppA1YiaVxxVuqIGtUwIhYWusECKnBevDu9uxmYwrTa5BtXLTbCDCjvplZV_Ks5ey5XfSkxrxrP92dEe_PfRxCSn2Zm-V874MUrEMSEMsQw--Qtc-zHkKUSJYQUJqZDI0NN_QYgxRqGAFc0UPFA6-BiD6U7VIiinnMicE5lzIqec5EIny-PbXf42HFNx62eVV993QTlt44njedh06vbRgVrHvOaTiuuKUrifRnnQbQ7Hj5Ouwo2kjLBaflou5LeaULK8Wso3mX9-4KeC_9vEL11-8FM</recordid><startdate>20010203</startdate><enddate>20010203</enddate><creator>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge</creator><creator>Sørensen, Henrik Toft</creator><creator>Larsen, Helle</creator><creator>Pedersen, Lars</creator><general>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</general><general>British Medical Association</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>7U7</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20010203</creationdate><title>Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study</title><author>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge ; Sørensen, Henrik Toft ; Larsen, Helle ; Pedersen, Lars</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b666t-1313081ccff5c9080ecaefec77fc711ca9c30ab9584814c46e1d799a29c4291a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2001</creationdate><topic>Abnormalities, Drug-Induced - etiology</topic><topic>Abortion, Spontaneous - chemically induced</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Analytical estimating</topic><topic>Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects</topic><topic>antiinflammatory agents</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Birth defects</topic><topic>birth weight</topic><topic>Case control studies</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Denmark</topic><topic>Diseases of mother, fetus and pregnancy</topic><topic>Drug prescriptions</topic><topic>Drugs</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant, Low Birth Weight</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infant, Premature</topic><topic>Live births</topic><topic>Low birth weight</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Miscarriage</topic><topic>non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents</topic><topic>Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Pregnancy. Fetus. Placenta</topic><topic>Prescription drugs</topic><topic>Registries</topic><topic>Risk</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sørensen, Henrik Toft</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Larsen, Helle</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pedersen, Lars</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Toxicology Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Nielsen, Gunnar Lauge</au><au>Sørensen, Henrik Toft</au><au>Larsen, Helle</au><au>Pedersen, Lars</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study</atitle><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><date>2001-02-03</date><risdate>2001</risdate><volume>322</volume><issue>7281</issue><spage>266</spage><epage>270</epage><pages>266-270</pages><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><eissn>1468-5833</eissn><eissn>1756-1833</eissn><coden>BMJOAE</coden><abstract>Abstract Objective: To estimate the risk of adverse birth outcome in women who take non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy. Design and setting: Population based cohort study and a case-control study, both based on data from a prescription registry, the Danish birth registry, and one county's hospital discharge registry. Participants: Cohort study: 1462 pregnant women who had taken up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the period from 30 days before conception to birth and 17 259 pregnant women who were not prescribed any drugs during pregnancy. Case-control study: 4268 women who had miscarriages, of whom 63 had taken non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and 29 750 primiparous controls who had live births. Main outcome measures: Incidences of congenital abnormality, low birth weight, preterm birth, and miscarriage. Results: Odds ratios for congenital abnormality, low birth weight, and preterm birth among women who took up prescriptions for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs were 1.27 (95% confidence interval 0.93 to 1.75), 0.79 (0.45 to 1.38), and 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) respectively. Odds ratios for the taking up of prescriptions in the weeks before miscarriage ranged from 6.99 (2.75 to 17.74) when prescriptions were taken up during the last week before the miscarriage to 2.69 (1.81 to 4.00) when taken up between 7 and 9 weeks before. The risk estimates were no different when the analysis was restricted to missed abortions. Conclusions: Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy does not seem to increase the risk of adverse birth outcome but is associated with increased risk of miscarriage.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>11157526</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmj.322.7281.266</doi><tpages>5</tpages><edition>International edition</edition><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Abnormalities, Drug-Induced - etiology Abortion, Spontaneous - chemically induced Adolescent Adult Analytical estimating Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal - adverse effects antiinflammatory agents Biological and medical sciences Birth defects birth weight Case control studies Cohort Studies Denmark Diseases of mother, fetus and pregnancy Drug prescriptions Drugs Female Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Humans Infant, Low Birth Weight Infant, Newborn Infant, Premature Live births Low birth weight Medical research Medical sciences Miscarriage non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory agents Odds Ratio Pregnancy Pregnancy. Fetus. Placenta Prescription drugs Registries Risk |
| title | Risk of adverse birth outcome and miscarriage in pregnant users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: population based observational study and case-control study |
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