Impaired Performance in Commercial Drivers: Role of Sleep Apnea and Short Sleep Duration

Sleepiness plays an important role in major crashes of commercial vehicles. Because determinants are likely to include inadequate sleep and sleep apnea, we evaluated the role of short sleep durations over 1 wk at home and sleep apnea in subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), objective sle...

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Veröffentlicht in:American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 2006-08, Vol.174 (4), p.446-454
Hauptverfasser: Pack, Allan I, Maislin, Greg, Staley, Bethany, Pack, Frances M, Rogers, William C, George, Charles F. P, Dinges, David F
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container_end_page 454
container_issue 4
container_start_page 446
container_title American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine
container_volume 174
creator Pack, Allan I
Maislin, Greg
Staley, Bethany
Pack, Frances M
Rogers, William C
George, Charles F. P
Dinges, David F
description Sleepiness plays an important role in major crashes of commercial vehicles. Because determinants are likely to include inadequate sleep and sleep apnea, we evaluated the role of short sleep durations over 1 wk at home and sleep apnea in subjective sleepiness (Epworth Sleepiness Scale), objective sleepiness (reduced sleep latency as determined by the Multiple Sleep Latency Test), and neurobehavioral functioning (lapses in performance, tracking error in Divided Attention Driving Task) in commercial drivers. Studies were conducted in 247 of 551 drivers at higher risk for apnea and in 159 of 778 drivers at lower risk. A multivariate linear association between the sets of outcomes and risk factors was confirmed (p < 0.0001). Increases in subjective sleepiness were associated with shorter sleep durations but not with increases in severity of apnea. Increases in objective sleepiness and performance lapses, as well as poorer lane tracking, were associated with shorter sleep durations. Associations with sleep apnea severity were not as robust and not strictly monotonic. A significant linear association with sleep apnea was demonstrated only for reduced sleep latency. The effects of severe apnea (apnea-hypopnea index, at least 30 episodes/h), which occurred in 4.7%, and of sleep duration less than 5 h/night, which occurred in 13.5%, were similar in terms of their impact on objective sleepiness. Thus, addressing impairment in commercial drivers requires addressing both insufficient sleep and sleep apnea, the former being more common.
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subjects Abdomen
Adult and adolescent clinical studies
Anesthesia. Intensive care medicine. Transfusions. Cell therapy and gene therapy
Anxiety disorders. Neuroses
Automobile Driving
Biological and medical sciences
H. Sleep and Control of Ventilation
Humans
Intensive care medicine
Laboratories
Least-Squares Analysis
Male
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Neurosciences
Occupational Health
Post-traumatic stress disorder
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychopathology. Psychiatry
Questionnaires
Risk Factors
Sleep
Sleep apnea
Sleep Apnea Syndromes - psychology
Sleep Deprivation - psychology
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Surgery of the digestive system
Task Performance and Analysis
Time Factors
title Impaired Performance in Commercial Drivers: Role of Sleep Apnea and Short Sleep Duration
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