Dynamic valgus alignment and functional strength in males and females during maturation
Sex differences in dynamic measures have been established in physically mature populations. Gaining information on maturation's effect on dynamic performance measures implicated in injury risk may enable us to better design injury prevention programs. To examine sex differences in dynamic valgu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of athletic training 2009-01, Vol.44 (1), p.26-32 |
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| description | Sex differences in dynamic measures have been established in physically mature populations. Gaining information on maturation's effect on dynamic performance measures implicated in injury risk may enable us to better design injury prevention programs.
To examine sex differences in dynamic valgus alignment and triple-hop distance measures across maturational stages in males and females. A secondary purpose was to determine if a field test of strength and power predicts dynamic valgus alignment.
Cross-sectional study.
Laboratory.
157 young athletes (78 females, 79 males) aged 9 to 18 years.
Subjects performed drop-jump landings and single-leg triple-hop tests as part of a broader injury screening.
Maturational status was ascertained from self-report questionnaires and grouped according to Tanner stages 1 and 2 (MatGrp1), 3 and 4 (MatGrp2), and 5 (MatGrp3). Frontal-plane knee valgus displacement, which served as a measure of dynamic valgus alignment, and single-leg triple-hop distance were assessed.
Males demonstrated less dynamic valgus alignment during drop jumps in the latter maturational stages (MatGrp1 = 13.1 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees , MatGrp2 = 9.0 degrees +/- 6.2 degrees , MatGrp3 = 9.2 degrees +/- 9.4 degrees ), whereas females increased dynamic valgus alignment throughout maturation (MatGrp1 = 11.5 degrees +/- 6.9 degrees , MatGrp2 = 12.8 degrees +/- 8.8 degrees , MatGrp3 = 15.5 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees ). Thus, in the more mature groups, males had less dynamic valgus alignment than females. Both males (MatGrp1 = 393.5 +/- 63.7 cm, MatGrp2 = 491.8 +/- 95.1 cm, MatGrp3 = 559.3 +/- 76.3 cm) and females (MatGrp1 = 360.3 +/- 37.1 cm, MatGrp2 = 380.1 +/- 44.3 cm, MatGrp3 = 440.0 +/- 66.2 cm) increased triple-hop distance, but males increased more. Within each subgroup of MatGrp and sex, triple-hop distance had no predictive ability for dynamic malalignment.
When dynamic valgus alignment and strength were assessed, sex and maturational status displayed an interaction. However, functional strength did not predict degree of dynamic valgus alignment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.26 |
| format | Article |
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To examine sex differences in dynamic valgus alignment and triple-hop distance measures across maturational stages in males and females. A secondary purpose was to determine if a field test of strength and power predicts dynamic valgus alignment.
Cross-sectional study.
Laboratory.
157 young athletes (78 females, 79 males) aged 9 to 18 years.
Subjects performed drop-jump landings and single-leg triple-hop tests as part of a broader injury screening.
Maturational status was ascertained from self-report questionnaires and grouped according to Tanner stages 1 and 2 (MatGrp1), 3 and 4 (MatGrp2), and 5 (MatGrp3). Frontal-plane knee valgus displacement, which served as a measure of dynamic valgus alignment, and single-leg triple-hop distance were assessed.
Males demonstrated less dynamic valgus alignment during drop jumps in the latter maturational stages (MatGrp1 = 13.1 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees , MatGrp2 = 9.0 degrees +/- 6.2 degrees , MatGrp3 = 9.2 degrees +/- 9.4 degrees ), whereas females increased dynamic valgus alignment throughout maturation (MatGrp1 = 11.5 degrees +/- 6.9 degrees , MatGrp2 = 12.8 degrees +/- 8.8 degrees , MatGrp3 = 15.5 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees ). Thus, in the more mature groups, males had less dynamic valgus alignment than females. Both males (MatGrp1 = 393.5 +/- 63.7 cm, MatGrp2 = 491.8 +/- 95.1 cm, MatGrp3 = 559.3 +/- 76.3 cm) and females (MatGrp1 = 360.3 +/- 37.1 cm, MatGrp2 = 380.1 +/- 44.3 cm, MatGrp3 = 440.0 +/- 66.2 cm) increased triple-hop distance, but males increased more. Within each subgroup of MatGrp and sex, triple-hop distance had no predictive ability for dynamic malalignment.
When dynamic valgus alignment and strength were assessed, sex and maturational status displayed an interaction. However, functional strength did not predict degree of dynamic valgus alignment.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1062-6050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-162X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.26</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19180215</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Athletic Trainers Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adolescent Development ; Adolescents ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Changes ; Child ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Female ; Females ; Field Tests ; Humans ; Injuries ; Knee Joint - physiology ; Linear Models ; Literature Reviews ; Lower Extremity - physiology ; Male ; Males ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle Strength - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Original Research ; Outcome Measures ; Professional basketball ; Risk factors ; Sample size ; Screening Tests ; Sex Characteristics ; Sex Factors ; Sexual Maturation - physiology ; Sports injuries ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><ispartof>Journal of athletic training, 2009-01, Vol.44 (1), p.26-32</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Athletic Trainers Association Jan/Feb 2009</rights><rights>the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc 2009</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-d0b3430331b27a61a5a53b341fab8c2f5449854d16b5d9cbcac5133be2b874593</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-d0b3430331b27a61a5a53b341fab8c2f5449854d16b5d9cbcac5133be2b874593</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629036/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2629036/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19180215$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schmitz, Randy J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shultz, Sandra J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Anh-Dung</creatorcontrib><title>Dynamic valgus alignment and functional strength in males and females during maturation</title><title>Journal of athletic training</title><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><description>Sex differences in dynamic measures have been established in physically mature populations. Gaining information on maturation's effect on dynamic performance measures implicated in injury risk may enable us to better design injury prevention programs.
To examine sex differences in dynamic valgus alignment and triple-hop distance measures across maturational stages in males and females. A secondary purpose was to determine if a field test of strength and power predicts dynamic valgus alignment.
Cross-sectional study.
Laboratory.
157 young athletes (78 females, 79 males) aged 9 to 18 years.
Subjects performed drop-jump landings and single-leg triple-hop tests as part of a broader injury screening.
Maturational status was ascertained from self-report questionnaires and grouped according to Tanner stages 1 and 2 (MatGrp1), 3 and 4 (MatGrp2), and 5 (MatGrp3). Frontal-plane knee valgus displacement, which served as a measure of dynamic valgus alignment, and single-leg triple-hop distance were assessed.
Males demonstrated less dynamic valgus alignment during drop jumps in the latter maturational stages (MatGrp1 = 13.1 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees , MatGrp2 = 9.0 degrees +/- 6.2 degrees , MatGrp3 = 9.2 degrees +/- 9.4 degrees ), whereas females increased dynamic valgus alignment throughout maturation (MatGrp1 = 11.5 degrees +/- 6.9 degrees , MatGrp2 = 12.8 degrees +/- 8.8 degrees , MatGrp3 = 15.5 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees ). Thus, in the more mature groups, males had less dynamic valgus alignment than females. Both males (MatGrp1 = 393.5 +/- 63.7 cm, MatGrp2 = 491.8 +/- 95.1 cm, MatGrp3 = 559.3 +/- 76.3 cm) and females (MatGrp1 = 360.3 +/- 37.1 cm, MatGrp2 = 380.1 +/- 44.3 cm, MatGrp3 = 440.0 +/- 66.2 cm) increased triple-hop distance, but males increased more. Within each subgroup of MatGrp and sex, triple-hop distance had no predictive ability for dynamic malalignment.
When dynamic valgus alignment and strength were assessed, sex and maturational status displayed an interaction. However, functional strength did not predict degree of dynamic valgus alignment.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescent Development</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Biomechanical Phenomena</subject><subject>Changes</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Field Tests</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Knee Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Literature Reviews</subject><subject>Lower Extremity - physiology</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle Strength - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Outcome Measures</subject><subject>Professional basketball</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Sample size</subject><subject>Screening Tests</subject><subject>Sex Characteristics</subject><subject>Sex Factors</subject><subject>Sexual Maturation - physiology</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Surveys and Questionnaires</subject><subject>Weight-Bearing - physiology</subject><issn>1062-6050</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2009</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUctO3TAQtaqi8mg_oJsq6qarXDx-Jd4gIdoCElI3RXRnTRwnGCUOtRMk_h5H97a0bFh55POYYx9CPgLdCFrLY6CKlYpKWgqxgQ1Tb8gBaF6XoNivt3n-g--Tw5TuKAUmtXpH9kFDTRnIA3Lz9THg6G3xgEO_pAIH34fRhbnA0BbdEuzsp4BDkeboQj_fFj4UIw4ubQluO7dL9KHPwLxEXBXvyV6HQ3IfducRuf7-7efZRXn14_zy7PSqtJLxuWxpwwWnnEPDKlSAEiXPV9BhU1vWSSF0LUULqpGtto1FK4HzxrGmroTU_IicbH3vl2Z0rc3JIw7mPvoR46OZ0Jv_keBvTT89GKaYplxlgy87gzj9XlyazeiTdcOAwU1LMuuWSla6ep3JuaoZpTQzP79g3k1LzL-YDKNKSSm1yCTYkmycUoqu-xsaqFnrNWt9Zq3PCGEgJ86aT_--9lmx65M_AUmQoOs</recordid><startdate>20090101</startdate><enddate>20090101</enddate><creator>Schmitz, Randy J</creator><creator>Shultz, Sandra J</creator><creator>Nguyen, Anh-Dung</creator><general>National Athletic Trainers Association</general><general>The National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20090101</creationdate><title>Dynamic valgus alignment and functional strength in males and females during maturation</title><author>Schmitz, Randy J ; Shultz, Sandra J ; Nguyen, Anh-Dung</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c523t-d0b3430331b27a61a5a53b341fab8c2f5449854d16b5d9cbcac5133be2b874593</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2009</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescent Development</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Biomechanical Phenomena</topic><topic>Changes</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Field Tests</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Knee Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Literature Reviews</topic><topic>Lower Extremity - physiology</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle Strength - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Outcome Measures</topic><topic>Professional basketball</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Sample size</topic><topic>Screening Tests</topic><topic>Sex Characteristics</topic><topic>Sex Factors</topic><topic>Sexual Maturation - physiology</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Surveys and Questionnaires</topic><topic>Weight-Bearing - physiology</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schmitz, Randy J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shultz, Sandra J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nguyen, Anh-Dung</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schmitz, Randy J</au><au>Shultz, Sandra J</au><au>Nguyen, Anh-Dung</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Dynamic valgus alignment and functional strength in males and females during maturation</atitle><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><date>2009-01-01</date><risdate>2009</risdate><volume>44</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>26</spage><epage>32</epage><pages>26-32</pages><issn>1062-6050</issn><eissn>1938-162X</eissn><abstract>Sex differences in dynamic measures have been established in physically mature populations. Gaining information on maturation's effect on dynamic performance measures implicated in injury risk may enable us to better design injury prevention programs.
To examine sex differences in dynamic valgus alignment and triple-hop distance measures across maturational stages in males and females. A secondary purpose was to determine if a field test of strength and power predicts dynamic valgus alignment.
Cross-sectional study.
Laboratory.
157 young athletes (78 females, 79 males) aged 9 to 18 years.
Subjects performed drop-jump landings and single-leg triple-hop tests as part of a broader injury screening.
Maturational status was ascertained from self-report questionnaires and grouped according to Tanner stages 1 and 2 (MatGrp1), 3 and 4 (MatGrp2), and 5 (MatGrp3). Frontal-plane knee valgus displacement, which served as a measure of dynamic valgus alignment, and single-leg triple-hop distance were assessed.
Males demonstrated less dynamic valgus alignment during drop jumps in the latter maturational stages (MatGrp1 = 13.1 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees , MatGrp2 = 9.0 degrees +/- 6.2 degrees , MatGrp3 = 9.2 degrees +/- 9.4 degrees ), whereas females increased dynamic valgus alignment throughout maturation (MatGrp1 = 11.5 degrees +/- 6.9 degrees , MatGrp2 = 12.8 degrees +/- 8.8 degrees , MatGrp3 = 15.5 degrees +/- 8.7 degrees ). Thus, in the more mature groups, males had less dynamic valgus alignment than females. Both males (MatGrp1 = 393.5 +/- 63.7 cm, MatGrp2 = 491.8 +/- 95.1 cm, MatGrp3 = 559.3 +/- 76.3 cm) and females (MatGrp1 = 360.3 +/- 37.1 cm, MatGrp2 = 380.1 +/- 44.3 cm, MatGrp3 = 440.0 +/- 66.2 cm) increased triple-hop distance, but males increased more. Within each subgroup of MatGrp and sex, triple-hop distance had no predictive ability for dynamic malalignment.
When dynamic valgus alignment and strength were assessed, sex and maturational status displayed an interaction. However, functional strength did not predict degree of dynamic valgus alignment.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Athletic Trainers Association</pub><pmid>19180215</pmid><doi>10.4085/1062-6050-44.1.26</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
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| ispartof | Journal of athletic training, 2009-01, Vol.44 (1), p.26-32 |
| issn | 1062-6050 1938-162X |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; Free E- Journals |
| subjects | Adolescent Adolescent Development Adolescents Biomechanical Phenomena Changes Child Cross-Sectional Studies Female Females Field Tests Humans Injuries Knee Joint - physiology Linear Models Literature Reviews Lower Extremity - physiology Male Males Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle Strength - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Original Research Outcome Measures Professional basketball Risk factors Sample size Screening Tests Sex Characteristics Sex Factors Sexual Maturation - physiology Sports injuries Surveys and Questionnaires Weight-Bearing - physiology |
| title | Dynamic valgus alignment and functional strength in males and females during maturation |
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