Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study
Objective To investigate the renal outcomes of children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong.Design Cross sectional study.Setting Special assessment centres, Hong Kong.Participants 3170 children (1422 girls and 1748 boys) aged 12 years or less referred from territory-wide primary care cl...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ 2008-12, Vol.337 (7686), p.92-95 |
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| creator | Lam, Hugh S Ng, Pak C Chu, Winnie C W Wong, William Chan, Dorothy F Y Ho, Stella S Wong, Ka T Ahuja, Anil T Li, Chi K |
| description | Objective To investigate the renal outcomes of children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong.Design Cross sectional study.Setting Special assessment centres, Hong Kong.Participants 3170 children (1422 girls and 1748 boys) aged 12 years or less referred from territory-wide primary care clinics after daily consumption for one month or more of milk products tainted with melamine.Main outcome measures Presence of renal stones and haematuria.Results One child had a confirmed renal stone, seven were suspected of having melamine related renal deposits, and 208 (6.6%) were positive for blood in urine by reagent strip. A proportion of these children were followed up at the special assessment centre, but only 7.4% of those positive for blood on reagent strip were confirmed by microscopy, suggesting an overall estimated prevalence of less than 1% for microscopic haematuria.Conclusions No severe adverse renal outcomes, such as acute renal failure or urinary tract obstruction, were detected in children after exposure to low dose melamine. Our results were similar to territory-wide findings in Hong Kong. Even including the seven children with suspected renal deposits, the prevalence of suspected melamine related abnormalities on ultrasonography was only 0.2%. None of these children required specific treatment. The prevalence of microscopic haematuria was probably overestimated by the reagent strip. These data suggest that large scale and urgent screening programmes may not be informative or cost effective for populations who have been exposed to low dose melamine. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmj.a2991 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2612581</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>20511749</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>20511749</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b622t-27f2c9eecee085b102bc30c16658bce68d821638f807a8471335a7077a829863</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkV1rFDEYhYModll74Q9QAorgxdR8bL56IchirbZUkLK3IZN5t511ZrImM9r-ezM7y_oB4k1COE8O530PQk8pOaGUyzdluzlxzBj6AM3oQupCaM4fohkxwhSacn2EjlPaEEIYV9pI8RgdUUOMMkrOkP8CnWtw8hGgq7sbXHfY39ZNFaHDbt1DxHC3DWmIgPuAm_ADVyEBbqFxbd3ByJ-H_O8iH6fYx5ASTuD7Oux8-6G6f4IerV2T4Hh_z9H12fvr5Xlx-fnDx-W7y6KUjPUFU2vmDYAHIFqUlLDSc-KplEKXHqSuNKOS67UmyumFopwLp4jKD2a05HP0drLdDmULlYeuj66x21i3Lt7b4Gr7p9LVt_YmfLdMUibypubo1d4ghm8DpN62dfLQNK6DMCQrFFOaS_FfkBGmNWWj44u_wE0YYl5MslQpTca-Rur1RO22F2F9yEyJHTu2uWO76zizz38f8he5bzQDzyZgk_oQDzojglK1MFkvJr1OPdwddBe_Wqm4EvZqtbRX9GxFLpYr-ynzLyd-zPDvXD8B-APGhg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1778014681</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Lam, Hugh S ; Ng, Pak C ; Chu, Winnie C W ; Wong, William ; Chan, Dorothy F Y ; Ho, Stella S ; Wong, Ka T ; Ahuja, Anil T ; Li, Chi K</creator><creatorcontrib>Lam, Hugh S ; Ng, Pak C ; Chu, Winnie C W ; Wong, William ; Chan, Dorothy F Y ; Ho, Stella S ; Wong, Ka T ; Ahuja, Anil T ; Li, Chi K</creatorcontrib><description>Objective To investigate the renal outcomes of children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong.Design Cross sectional study.Setting Special assessment centres, Hong Kong.Participants 3170 children (1422 girls and 1748 boys) aged 12 years or less referred from territory-wide primary care clinics after daily consumption for one month or more of milk products tainted with melamine.Main outcome measures Presence of renal stones and haematuria.Results One child had a confirmed renal stone, seven were suspected of having melamine related renal deposits, and 208 (6.6%) were positive for blood in urine by reagent strip. A proportion of these children were followed up at the special assessment centre, but only 7.4% of those positive for blood on reagent strip were confirmed by microscopy, suggesting an overall estimated prevalence of less than 1% for microscopic haematuria.Conclusions No severe adverse renal outcomes, such as acute renal failure or urinary tract obstruction, were detected in children after exposure to low dose melamine. Our results were similar to territory-wide findings in Hong Kong. Even including the seven children with suspected renal deposits, the prevalence of suspected melamine related abnormalities on ultrasonography was only 0.2%. None of these children required specific treatment. The prevalence of microscopic haematuria was probably overestimated by the reagent strip. These data suggest that large scale and urgent screening programmes may not be informative or cost effective for populations who have been exposed to low dose melamine.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8138</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0959-535X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-5833</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmj.a2991</identifier><identifier>PMID: 19097976</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BMJOAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Ambulatory Care ; Animals ; Assessment centres ; Baby foods ; Blood ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Children ; Children & youth ; Chinese people ; Creatinine ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Dosage ; Environmental Exposure - adverse effects ; Female ; Food Contamination ; Food contamination & poisoning ; Girls ; Hematuria ; Hematuria - chemically induced ; Hong Kong ; Humans ; Infant ; Kidney Calculi - chemically induced ; Kidney stones ; Leukocytes ; Male ; Microscopy ; Milk ; Milk - adverse effects ; Ovaries ; Prevalence ; Primary care ; Reagents ; School age children ; Screening ; Triazines - toxicity ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Ultrasonography ; Urinalysis ; Urine</subject><ispartof>BMJ, 2008-12, Vol.337 (7686), p.92-95</ispartof><rights>Lam et al 2008</rights><rights>Copyright 2009 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BMJ Publishing Group LTD Dec 18, 2008</rights><rights>Lam et al 2008 2008 Lam et al</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b622t-27f2c9eecee085b102bc30c16658bce68d821638f807a8471335a7077a829863</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2991.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bmj.com/content/337/bmj.a2991.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,315,781,785,804,886,3197,23576,27929,27930,31005,58022,58255,77605,77636</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19097976$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Lam, Hugh S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Pak C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Winnie C W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Dorothy F Y</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ho, Stella S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Ka T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ahuja, Anil T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Li, Chi K</creatorcontrib><title>Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study</title><title>BMJ</title><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><description>Objective To investigate the renal outcomes of children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong.Design Cross sectional study.Setting Special assessment centres, Hong Kong.Participants 3170 children (1422 girls and 1748 boys) aged 12 years or less referred from territory-wide primary care clinics after daily consumption for one month or more of milk products tainted with melamine.Main outcome measures Presence of renal stones and haematuria.Results One child had a confirmed renal stone, seven were suspected of having melamine related renal deposits, and 208 (6.6%) were positive for blood in urine by reagent strip. A proportion of these children were followed up at the special assessment centre, but only 7.4% of those positive for blood on reagent strip were confirmed by microscopy, suggesting an overall estimated prevalence of less than 1% for microscopic haematuria.Conclusions No severe adverse renal outcomes, such as acute renal failure or urinary tract obstruction, were detected in children after exposure to low dose melamine. Our results were similar to territory-wide findings in Hong Kong. Even including the seven children with suspected renal deposits, the prevalence of suspected melamine related abnormalities on ultrasonography was only 0.2%. None of these children required specific treatment. The prevalence of microscopic haematuria was probably overestimated by the reagent strip. These data suggest that large scale and urgent screening programmes may not be informative or cost effective for populations who have been exposed to low dose melamine.</description><subject>Ambulatory Care</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Assessment centres</subject><subject>Baby foods</subject><subject>Blood</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Chinese people</subject><subject>Creatinine</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Dosage</subject><subject>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Food Contamination</subject><subject>Food contamination & poisoning</subject><subject>Girls</subject><subject>Hematuria</subject><subject>Hematuria - chemically induced</subject><subject>Hong Kong</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Kidney Calculi - chemically induced</subject><subject>Kidney stones</subject><subject>Leukocytes</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Milk</subject><subject>Milk - adverse effects</subject><subject>Ovaries</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Primary care</subject><subject>Reagents</subject><subject>School age children</subject><subject>Screening</subject><subject>Triazines - toxicity</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Ultrasonography</subject><subject>Urinalysis</subject><subject>Urine</subject><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-535X</issn><issn>1468-5833</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>9YT</sourceid><sourceid>ACMMV</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV1rFDEYhYModll74Q9QAorgxdR8bL56IchirbZUkLK3IZN5t511ZrImM9r-ezM7y_oB4k1COE8O530PQk8pOaGUyzdluzlxzBj6AM3oQupCaM4fohkxwhSacn2EjlPaEEIYV9pI8RgdUUOMMkrOkP8CnWtw8hGgq7sbXHfY39ZNFaHDbt1DxHC3DWmIgPuAm_ADVyEBbqFxbd3ByJ-H_O8iH6fYx5ASTuD7Oux8-6G6f4IerV2T4Hh_z9H12fvr5Xlx-fnDx-W7y6KUjPUFU2vmDYAHIFqUlLDSc-KplEKXHqSuNKOS67UmyumFopwLp4jKD2a05HP0drLdDmULlYeuj66x21i3Lt7b4Gr7p9LVt_YmfLdMUibypubo1d4ghm8DpN62dfLQNK6DMCQrFFOaS_FfkBGmNWWj44u_wE0YYl5MslQpTca-Rur1RO22F2F9yEyJHTu2uWO76zizz38f8he5bzQDzyZgk_oQDzojglK1MFkvJr1OPdwddBe_Wqm4EvZqtbRX9GxFLpYr-ynzLyd-zPDvXD8B-APGhg</recordid><startdate>20081218</startdate><enddate>20081218</enddate><creator>Lam, 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screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study</title><author>Lam, Hugh S ; Ng, Pak C ; Chu, Winnie C W ; Wong, William ; Chan, Dorothy F Y ; Ho, Stella S ; Wong, Ka T ; Ahuja, Anil T ; Li, Chi K</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b622t-27f2c9eecee085b102bc30c16658bce68d821638f807a8471335a7077a829863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2008</creationdate><topic>Ambulatory Care</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Assessment centres</topic><topic>Baby foods</topic><topic>Blood</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Children</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Chinese people</topic><topic>Creatinine</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Dosage</topic><topic>Environmental Exposure - adverse effects</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Food Contamination</topic><topic>Food contamination & poisoning</topic><topic>Girls</topic><topic>Hematuria</topic><topic>Hematuria - chemically induced</topic><topic>Hong Kong</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Kidney Calculi - chemically induced</topic><topic>Kidney stones</topic><topic>Leukocytes</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Microscopy</topic><topic>Milk</topic><topic>Milk - adverse effects</topic><topic>Ovaries</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Primary care</topic><topic>Reagents</topic><topic>School age children</topic><topic>Screening</topic><topic>Triazines - toxicity</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><topic>Ultrasonography</topic><topic>Urinalysis</topic><topic>Urine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Lam, Hugh S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ng, Pak C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chu, Winnie C W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, William</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Chan, Dorothy F 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Abstracts</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Lam, Hugh S</au><au>Ng, Pak C</au><au>Chu, Winnie C W</au><au>Wong, William</au><au>Chan, Dorothy F Y</au><au>Ho, Stella S</au><au>Wong, Ka T</au><au>Ahuja, Anil T</au><au>Li, Chi K</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study</atitle><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><date>2008-12-18</date><risdate>2008</risdate><volume>337</volume><issue>7686</issue><spage>92</spage><epage>95</epage><pages>92-95</pages><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-535X</issn><eissn>1468-5833</eissn><eissn>1756-1833</eissn><coden>BMJOAE</coden><abstract>Objective To investigate the renal outcomes of children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong.Design Cross sectional study.Setting Special assessment centres, Hong Kong.Participants 3170 children (1422 girls and 1748 boys) aged 12 years or less referred from territory-wide primary care clinics after daily consumption for one month or more of milk products tainted with melamine.Main outcome measures Presence of renal stones and haematuria.Results One child had a confirmed renal stone, seven were suspected of having melamine related renal deposits, and 208 (6.6%) were positive for blood in urine by reagent strip. A proportion of these children were followed up at the special assessment centre, but only 7.4% of those positive for blood on reagent strip were confirmed by microscopy, suggesting an overall estimated prevalence of less than 1% for microscopic haematuria.Conclusions No severe adverse renal outcomes, such as acute renal failure or urinary tract obstruction, were detected in children after exposure to low dose melamine. Our results were similar to territory-wide findings in Hong Kong. Even including the seven children with suspected renal deposits, the prevalence of suspected melamine related abnormalities on ultrasonography was only 0.2%. None of these children required specific treatment. The prevalence of microscopic haematuria was probably overestimated by the reagent strip. These data suggest that large scale and urgent screening programmes may not be informative or cost effective for populations who have been exposed to low dose melamine.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>19097976</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmj.a2991</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; BMJ Journals - NESLi2; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Ambulatory Care Animals Assessment centres Baby foods Blood Child Child, Preschool Children Children & youth Chinese people Creatinine Cross-Sectional Studies Dosage Environmental Exposure - adverse effects Female Food Contamination Food contamination & poisoning Girls Hematuria Hematuria - chemically induced Hong Kong Humans Infant Kidney Calculi - chemically induced Kidney stones Leukocytes Male Microscopy Milk Milk - adverse effects Ovaries Prevalence Primary care Reagents School age children Screening Triazines - toxicity Ultrasonic imaging Ultrasonography Urinalysis Urine |
| title | Renal screening in children after exposure to low dose melamine in Hong Kong: cross sectional study |
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