Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes
Objective:To estimate the economic cost of injuries in a population of US high school varsity athletes.Design and Setting:The North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study, conducted from 1996 to 1999, was a prospective cohort study of injury incidence and severity. A two-stage cluster sampling t...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Injury prevention 2007-12, Vol.13 (6), p.416-421 |
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| creator | Knowles, S B Marshall, S W Miller, T Spicer, R Bowling, J M Loomis, D Millikan, R W Yang, J Mueller, F O |
| description | Objective:To estimate the economic cost of injuries in a population of US high school varsity athletes.Design and Setting:The North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study, conducted from 1996 to 1999, was a prospective cohort study of injury incidence and severity. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select athletic teams from 100 high schools in North Carolina. An injury cost model was used to estimate the economic cost of injury.Participants:Varsity athletes from 12 sports: football, girls’ and boy’s soccer, girls’ and boys’ track, girls’ and boy’s basketball, baseball, softball, wrestling, volleyball, and cheerleading.Main outcome measures:Descriptive data were collected at the time of injury. Three types of costs were estimated: medical, human capital (medical costs plus loss of future earnings), and comprehensive (human capital costs plus lost quality of life).Results:The annual statewide estimates were $9.9 million in medical costs, $44.7 million in human capital costs, and $144.6 million in comprehensive costs. The mean medical cost was $709 per injury (95% CI $542 to $927), $2223 per injury (95% CI $1709 to $2893) in human capital costs, and $10 432 per injury (95% CI $8062 to $13 449) in comprehensive costs. Sport and competition division were significant predictors of injury costs.Conclusions:Injuries among high school athletes represent a significant economic cost to society. Further research should estimate costs in additional populations to begin to develop cost-effective sports injury prevention programs. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/ip.2006.014720 |
| format | Article |
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A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select athletic teams from 100 high schools in North Carolina. An injury cost model was used to estimate the economic cost of injury.Participants:Varsity athletes from 12 sports: football, girls’ and boy’s soccer, girls’ and boys’ track, girls’ and boy’s basketball, baseball, softball, wrestling, volleyball, and cheerleading.Main outcome measures:Descriptive data were collected at the time of injury. Three types of costs were estimated: medical, human capital (medical costs plus loss of future earnings), and comprehensive (human capital costs plus lost quality of life).Results:The annual statewide estimates were $9.9 million in medical costs, $44.7 million in human capital costs, and $144.6 million in comprehensive costs. The mean medical cost was $709 per injury (95% CI $542 to $927), $2223 per injury (95% CI $1709 to $2893) in human capital costs, and $10 432 per injury (95% CI $8062 to $13 449) in comprehensive costs. Sport and competition division were significant predictors of injury costs.Conclusions:Injuries among high school athletes represent a significant economic cost to society. Further research should estimate costs in additional populations to begin to develop cost-effective sports injury prevention programs.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1353-8047</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1475-5785</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/ip.2006.014720</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18056320</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Athletes ; Athletic Injuries - economics ; Athletic Injuries - epidemiology ; Capital costs ; Children & youth ; Cohort analysis ; Consumer Price Index ; Cost estimates ; Cost of Illness ; Economics ; Emergency medical care ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Female ; Health care expenditures ; High school basketball ; Human capital ; Humans ; Income ; Injuries ; Male ; North Carolina - epidemiology ; Original ; Probability ; Quality of Life ; Questionnaires ; Schools ; Sports injuries</subject><ispartof>Injury prevention, 2007-12, Vol.13 (6), p.416-421</ispartof><rights>2007 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright: 2007 2007 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright ©2007 BMJ Publishing Group.</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b585t-5780156ac1db1c193f184117252a62b86e0da27dbce97a458aa405d333337b203</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b585t-5780156ac1db1c193f184117252a62b86e0da27dbce97a458aa405d333337b203</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/13/6/416.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://injuryprevention.bmj.com/content/13/6/416.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,724,777,781,882,3183,23552,27905,27906,53772,53774,77349,77380</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18056320$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Knowles, S B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, S W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spicer, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowling, J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loomis, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Millikan, R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mueller, F O</creatorcontrib><title>Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes</title><title>Injury prevention</title><addtitle>Inj Prev</addtitle><description>Objective:To estimate the economic cost of injuries in a population of US high school varsity athletes.Design and Setting:The North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study, conducted from 1996 to 1999, was a prospective cohort study of injury incidence and severity. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select athletic teams from 100 high schools in North Carolina. An injury cost model was used to estimate the economic cost of injury.Participants:Varsity athletes from 12 sports: football, girls’ and boy’s soccer, girls’ and boys’ track, girls’ and boy’s basketball, baseball, softball, wrestling, volleyball, and cheerleading.Main outcome measures:Descriptive data were collected at the time of injury. Three types of costs were estimated: medical, human capital (medical costs plus loss of future earnings), and comprehensive (human capital costs plus lost quality of life).Results:The annual statewide estimates were $9.9 million in medical costs, $44.7 million in human capital costs, and $144.6 million in comprehensive costs. The mean medical cost was $709 per injury (95% CI $542 to $927), $2223 per injury (95% CI $1709 to $2893) in human capital costs, and $10 432 per injury (95% CI $8062 to $13 449) in comprehensive costs. Sport and competition division were significant predictors of injury costs.Conclusions:Injuries among high school athletes represent a significant economic cost to society. Further research should estimate costs in additional populations to begin to develop cost-effective sports injury prevention programs.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Athletes</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - economics</subject><subject>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</subject><subject>Capital costs</subject><subject>Children & youth</subject><subject>Cohort analysis</subject><subject>Consumer Price Index</subject><subject>Cost estimates</subject><subject>Cost of Illness</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Emergency medical care</subject><subject>Epidemiologic Methods</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Health care expenditures</subject><subject>High school basketball</subject><subject>Human capital</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>North Carolina - epidemiology</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Probability</subject><subject>Quality of Life</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Schools</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><issn>1353-8047</issn><issn>1475-5785</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkcuL1TAUxoMozji6dSkBQXDRax7NoxtBijMjXEYEHZchTdNprm1Tk3Rw_ntTehkfm8nmJJxfvvP4AHiJ0Q5jyt-5eUcQ4juES0HQI3CaIyuYkOxxvlNGC4lKcQKexXhACFPByVNwgiVinBJ0Cr7XPiboO-imwxKcjbALfoQazsHH2Zrkbi00vvchwZiW9m5lr_Krh7UOfnCThr276WE0vfcD1KkfbLLxOXjS6SHaF8d4Br6df_xaXxb7zxef6g_7omGSpbVRhBnXBrcNNriiHZYlxoIwojlpJLeo1US0jbGV0CWTWpeItXQ9oiGInoH3m-68NKNtjZ1S0IOagxt1uFNeO_VvZnK9uvG3irBKElllgTdHgeB_LjYmNbpo7DDoyfolKl4hwiSiD4IEsWwCKTP4-j_w4Jcw5S0onMetSkLZSu02yuRFx2C7-54xUqu1ys1qtVZt1uYPr_6e9A9-9DIDxQa4mOyv-7wOPxQXVDB1dV2ra5E7_LJn6jzzbze-GQ8PFf8NJDy6Fw</recordid><startdate>200712</startdate><enddate>200712</enddate><creator>Knowles, S B</creator><creator>Marshall, S W</creator><creator>Miller, T</creator><creator>Spicer, R</creator><creator>Bowling, J M</creator><creator>Loomis, D</creator><creator>Millikan, R W</creator><creator>Yang, J</creator><creator>Mueller, F O</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200712</creationdate><title>Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes</title><author>Knowles, S B ; Marshall, S W ; Miller, T ; Spicer, R ; Bowling, J M ; Loomis, D ; Millikan, R W ; Yang, J ; Mueller, F O</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b585t-5780156ac1db1c193f184117252a62b86e0da27dbce97a458aa405d333337b203</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Athletes</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - economics</topic><topic>Athletic Injuries - epidemiology</topic><topic>Capital costs</topic><topic>Children & youth</topic><topic>Cohort analysis</topic><topic>Consumer Price Index</topic><topic>Cost estimates</topic><topic>Cost of Illness</topic><topic>Economics</topic><topic>Emergency medical care</topic><topic>Epidemiologic Methods</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Health care expenditures</topic><topic>High school basketball</topic><topic>Human capital</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>North Carolina - epidemiology</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Probability</topic><topic>Quality of Life</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Schools</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Knowles, S B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Marshall, S W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Miller, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Spicer, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bowling, J M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Loomis, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Millikan, R W</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yang, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mueller, F O</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Injury prevention</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Knowles, S B</au><au>Marshall, S W</au><au>Miller, T</au><au>Spicer, R</au><au>Bowling, J M</au><au>Loomis, D</au><au>Millikan, R W</au><au>Yang, J</au><au>Mueller, F O</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes</atitle><jtitle>Injury prevention</jtitle><addtitle>Inj Prev</addtitle><date>2007-12</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>13</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>416</spage><epage>421</epage><pages>416-421</pages><issn>1353-8047</issn><eissn>1475-5785</eissn><abstract>Objective:To estimate the economic cost of injuries in a population of US high school varsity athletes.Design and Setting:The North Carolina High School Athletic Injury Study, conducted from 1996 to 1999, was a prospective cohort study of injury incidence and severity. A two-stage cluster sampling technique was used to select athletic teams from 100 high schools in North Carolina. An injury cost model was used to estimate the economic cost of injury.Participants:Varsity athletes from 12 sports: football, girls’ and boy’s soccer, girls’ and boys’ track, girls’ and boy’s basketball, baseball, softball, wrestling, volleyball, and cheerleading.Main outcome measures:Descriptive data were collected at the time of injury. Three types of costs were estimated: medical, human capital (medical costs plus loss of future earnings), and comprehensive (human capital costs plus lost quality of life).Results:The annual statewide estimates were $9.9 million in medical costs, $44.7 million in human capital costs, and $144.6 million in comprehensive costs. The mean medical cost was $709 per injury (95% CI $542 to $927), $2223 per injury (95% CI $1709 to $2893) in human capital costs, and $10 432 per injury (95% CI $8062 to $13 449) in comprehensive costs. Sport and competition division were significant predictors of injury costs.Conclusions:Injuries among high school athletes represent a significant economic cost to society. Further research should estimate costs in additional populations to begin to develop cost-effective sports injury prevention programs.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>18056320</pmid><doi>10.1136/ip.2006.014720</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Athletes Athletic Injuries - economics Athletic Injuries - epidemiology Capital costs Children & youth Cohort analysis Consumer Price Index Cost estimates Cost of Illness Economics Emergency medical care Epidemiologic Methods Female Health care expenditures High school basketball Human capital Humans Income Injuries Male North Carolina - epidemiology Original Probability Quality of Life Questionnaires Schools Sports injuries |
| title | Cost of injuries from a prospective cohort study of North Carolina high school athletes |
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