Price and cigarette consumption in Europe
Objective: To analyse the variation in demand for tobacco according to price of cigarettes across the European region. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All the 52 countries of the European region. Participants: For each European country, data were collected on annual per adult cigarette consu...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tobacco control 2006-04, Vol.15 (2), p.114-119 |
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| creator | Gallus, S Schiaffino, A La Vecchia, C Townsend, J Fernandez, E |
| description | Objective: To analyse the variation in demand for tobacco according to price of cigarettes across the European region. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All the 52 countries of the European region. Participants: For each European country, data were collected on annual per adult cigarette consumption (2000), smoking prevalence (most recent), retail price of a pack of local and foreign brand cigarettes (around 2000), the gross domestic product adjusted by purchasing power parities, and the adult population (2000). Main outcome measure: Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes (that is, the change in cigarette consumption according to a change in tobacco price) across all the European countries, estimated by double-log multiple linear regression. Results: Controlling for male to female prevalence ratio, price elasticities for consumption were −0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.74 to −0.17) and −0.74 (95% CI −1.13 to −0.35) for local and foreign brand, respectively. The inverse relation between cigarette price and consumption was stronger in countries not in the European Union (price elasticity for foreign brand cigarettes of −0.8) as compared to European Union countries (price elasticity of −0.4). Conclusions: The result that, on average, in Europe smoking consumption decreases 5–7% for a 10% increase in the real price of cigarettes strongly supports an inverse association between price and cigarette smoking. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/tc.2005.012468 |
| format | Article |
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Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All the 52 countries of the European region. Participants: For each European country, data were collected on annual per adult cigarette consumption (2000), smoking prevalence (most recent), retail price of a pack of local and foreign brand cigarettes (around 2000), the gross domestic product adjusted by purchasing power parities, and the adult population (2000). Main outcome measure: Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes (that is, the change in cigarette consumption according to a change in tobacco price) across all the European countries, estimated by double-log multiple linear regression. Results: Controlling for male to female prevalence ratio, price elasticities for consumption were −0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.74 to −0.17) and −0.74 (95% CI −1.13 to −0.35) for local and foreign brand, respectively. The inverse relation between cigarette price and consumption was stronger in countries not in the European Union (price elasticity for foreign brand cigarettes of −0.8) as compared to European Union countries (price elasticity of −0.4). Conclusions: The result that, on average, in Europe smoking consumption decreases 5–7% for a 10% increase in the real price of cigarettes strongly supports an inverse association between price and cigarette smoking.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0964-4563</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3318</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/tc.2005.012468</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16565459</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Cigarette smoking ; Cigarettes ; Commerce - economics ; Consumer information ; Consumer prices ; Consumer research ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; cross-sectional study ; demand ; ecological study ; elasticity ; Elasticity of demand ; Europe - epidemiology ; European Union ; Female ; Females ; GDP ; Gross Domestic Product ; health economy ; Humans ; Industrialized nations ; International Union Against Cancer ; Linear Models ; Male ; Population ; PPP ; Prevalence ; Price elasticity ; Price increases ; purchasing power parities ; Purchasing power parity ; Regression analysis ; Research Paper ; Sex Distribution ; Smoking ; Smoking - economics ; Smoking - epidemiology ; Smoking cessation ; Smuggling ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Tax rates ; TCCP ; Tobacco ; Tobacco Control Country Profiles ; Tobacco taxes ; UICC ; WHO ; World Health Organization</subject><ispartof>Tobacco control, 2006-04, Vol.15 (2), p.114-119</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2006 Tobacco Control</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT © 2006 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>Copyright: 2006 Copyright 2006 Tobacco Control</rights><rights>Copyright ©2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd All rights reserved</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b576t-42006a6d1c15d2a388441a772348ae286bef3f1189b1461db3d88c16630931863</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b576t-42006a6d1c15d2a388441a772348ae286bef3f1189b1461db3d88c16630931863</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/15/2/114.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://tobaccocontrol.bmj.com/content/15/2/114.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,723,776,780,799,881,3183,23550,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225,77342,77373</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16565459$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Gallus, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiaffino, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>La Vecchia, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townsend, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez, E</creatorcontrib><title>Price and cigarette consumption in Europe</title><title>Tobacco control</title><addtitle>Tob Control</addtitle><description>Objective: To analyse the variation in demand for tobacco according to price of cigarettes across the European region. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All the 52 countries of the European region. Participants: For each European country, data were collected on annual per adult cigarette consumption (2000), smoking prevalence (most recent), retail price of a pack of local and foreign brand cigarettes (around 2000), the gross domestic product adjusted by purchasing power parities, and the adult population (2000). Main outcome measure: Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes (that is, the change in cigarette consumption according to a change in tobacco price) across all the European countries, estimated by double-log multiple linear regression. Results: Controlling for male to female prevalence ratio, price elasticities for consumption were −0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.74 to −0.17) and −0.74 (95% CI −1.13 to −0.35) for local and foreign brand, respectively. The inverse relation between cigarette price and consumption was stronger in countries not in the European Union (price elasticity for foreign brand cigarettes of −0.8) as compared to European Union countries (price elasticity of −0.4). Conclusions: The result that, on average, in Europe smoking consumption decreases 5–7% for a 10% increase in the real price of cigarettes strongly supports an inverse association between price and cigarette smoking.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Cigarettes</subject><subject>Commerce - economics</subject><subject>Consumer information</subject><subject>Consumer prices</subject><subject>Consumer research</subject><subject>Costs and Cost Analysis</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>cross-sectional study</subject><subject>demand</subject><subject>ecological study</subject><subject>elasticity</subject><subject>Elasticity of demand</subject><subject>Europe - epidemiology</subject><subject>European Union</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>GDP</subject><subject>Gross Domestic Product</subject><subject>health economy</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Industrialized nations</subject><subject>International Union Against Cancer</subject><subject>Linear Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>PPP</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Price elasticity</subject><subject>Price increases</subject><subject>purchasing power parities</subject><subject>Purchasing power parity</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Sex Distribution</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - economics</subject><subject>Smoking - epidemiology</subject><subject>Smoking cessation</subject><subject>Smuggling</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Tax rates</subject><subject>TCCP</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Tobacco Control Country Profiles</subject><subject>Tobacco taxes</subject><subject>UICC</subject><subject>WHO</subject><subject>World Health Organization</subject><issn>0964-4563</issn><issn>1468-3318</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc9rFDEcxUNR2m3ttbeWAaHQw6z5Tn7ORZClrWLRVmwRLyGTybZZdyZrkpH635tllrX14ul7eJ883stD6AjwFIDwN8lMK4zZFENFudxBE8inJATkCzTBNaclZZzsof0YFxgDEQx20R5wxhll9QSdXQdnbKH7tjDuXgebki2M7-PQrZLzfeH64nwIfmVfoZdzvYz2cHMP0O3F-dfZ-_Lq8-WH2bursmGCp5LmOFzzFgywttJESkpBC1ERKrWtJG_snMwBZN3kqNA2pJXSAOcE1zk1Jwfo7ei7GprOtsb2KeilWgXX6fBbee3Uc6V3D-re_1JVLsqEyAanG4Pgfw42JtW5aOxyqXvrh6i4ELWUEjL4-h9w4YfQ53IKhATJmIQ6U9ORMsHHGOx8GwWwWm-gklHrDdS4QX5w8rTAX3zz6Rk4HoFFTD5s9QoLKmqyNihH3cVkH7e6Dj9y9ryg-nQ3Ux9vLu7q71-Y-pb5s5FvusX_wv0BGlylVw</recordid><startdate>20060401</startdate><enddate>20060401</enddate><creator>Gallus, S</creator><creator>Schiaffino, A</creator><creator>La Vecchia, C</creator><creator>Townsend, J</creator><creator>Fernandez, E</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>883</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0F</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20060401</creationdate><title>Price and cigarette consumption in Europe</title><author>Gallus, S ; Schiaffino, A ; La Vecchia, C ; Townsend, J ; Fernandez, E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b576t-42006a6d1c15d2a388441a772348ae286bef3f1189b1461db3d88c16630931863</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Cigarette smoking</topic><topic>Cigarettes</topic><topic>Commerce - economics</topic><topic>Consumer information</topic><topic>Consumer prices</topic><topic>Consumer research</topic><topic>Costs and Cost Analysis</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>cross-sectional study</topic><topic>demand</topic><topic>ecological study</topic><topic>elasticity</topic><topic>Elasticity of demand</topic><topic>Europe - epidemiology</topic><topic>European Union</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>GDP</topic><topic>Gross Domestic Product</topic><topic>health economy</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Industrialized nations</topic><topic>International Union Against Cancer</topic><topic>Linear Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Population</topic><topic>PPP</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Price elasticity</topic><topic>Price increases</topic><topic>purchasing power parities</topic><topic>Purchasing power parity</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Sex Distribution</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - economics</topic><topic>Smoking - epidemiology</topic><topic>Smoking cessation</topic><topic>Smuggling</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Tax rates</topic><topic>TCCP</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Tobacco Control Country Profiles</topic><topic>Tobacco taxes</topic><topic>UICC</topic><topic>WHO</topic><topic>World Health Organization</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Gallus, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schiaffino, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>La Vecchia, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Townsend, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fernandez, E</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Complete (ProQuest Database)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Agriculture Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>One Business (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Tobacco control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Gallus, S</au><au>Schiaffino, A</au><au>La Vecchia, C</au><au>Townsend, J</au><au>Fernandez, E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Price and cigarette consumption in Europe</atitle><jtitle>Tobacco control</jtitle><addtitle>Tob Control</addtitle><date>2006-04-01</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>15</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>114</spage><epage>119</epage><pages>114-119</pages><issn>0964-4563</issn><eissn>1468-3318</eissn><abstract>Objective: To analyse the variation in demand for tobacco according to price of cigarettes across the European region. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: All the 52 countries of the European region. Participants: For each European country, data were collected on annual per adult cigarette consumption (2000), smoking prevalence (most recent), retail price of a pack of local and foreign brand cigarettes (around 2000), the gross domestic product adjusted by purchasing power parities, and the adult population (2000). Main outcome measure: Price elasticity of demand for cigarettes (that is, the change in cigarette consumption according to a change in tobacco price) across all the European countries, estimated by double-log multiple linear regression. Results: Controlling for male to female prevalence ratio, price elasticities for consumption were −0.46 (95% confidence interval (CI) −0.74 to −0.17) and −0.74 (95% CI −1.13 to −0.35) for local and foreign brand, respectively. The inverse relation between cigarette price and consumption was stronger in countries not in the European Union (price elasticity for foreign brand cigarettes of −0.8) as compared to European Union countries (price elasticity of −0.4). Conclusions: The result that, on average, in Europe smoking consumption decreases 5–7% for a 10% increase in the real price of cigarettes strongly supports an inverse association between price and cigarette smoking.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>16565459</pmid><doi>10.1136/tc.2005.012468</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescent Adult Cigarette smoking Cigarettes Commerce - economics Consumer information Consumer prices Consumer research Costs and Cost Analysis Cross-Sectional Studies cross-sectional study demand ecological study elasticity Elasticity of demand Europe - epidemiology European Union Female Females GDP Gross Domestic Product health economy Humans Industrialized nations International Union Against Cancer Linear Models Male Population PPP Prevalence Price elasticity Price increases purchasing power parities Purchasing power parity Regression analysis Research Paper Sex Distribution Smoking Smoking - economics Smoking - epidemiology Smoking cessation Smuggling Socioeconomic Factors Tax rates TCCP Tobacco Tobacco Control Country Profiles Tobacco taxes UICC WHO World Health Organization |
| title | Price and cigarette consumption in Europe |
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