Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Salinity of the Salt-marsh Shrub Atriplex portulacoides

BACKGROUND AND AIMS ATRIPLEX: (Halimione) portulacoides is a halophytic, C₃ shrub. It is virtually confined to coastal salt marshes, where it often dominates the vegetation. The aim of this study was to investigate its growth responses to salinity and the extent to which these could be explained by...

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Veröffentlicht in:Annals of botany 2007-09, Vol.100 (3), p.555-563
Hauptverfasser: Redondo-Gómez, Susana, Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique, Davy, Anthony J, Fernández-Muñoz, Francisco, Castellanos, Eloy M, Luque, Teresa, Figueroa, M. Enrique
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container_end_page 563
container_issue 3
container_start_page 555
container_title Annals of botany
container_volume 100
creator Redondo-Gómez, Susana
Mateos-Naranjo, Enrique
Davy, Anthony J
Fernández-Muñoz, Francisco
Castellanos, Eloy M
Luque, Teresa
Figueroa, M. Enrique
description BACKGROUND AND AIMS ATRIPLEX: (Halimione) portulacoides is a halophytic, C₃ shrub. It is virtually confined to coastal salt marshes, where it often dominates the vegetation. The aim of this study was to investigate its growth responses to salinity and the extent to which these could be explained by photosynthetic physiology. METHODS: The responses of young plants to salinity in the range 0-700 mol m⁻³ NaCl were investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The performance of plants was examined using classical growth analysis, measurements of gas exchange (infrared gas analysis), determination of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (modulated fluorimeter) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations; total ash, sodium, potassium and nitrogen concentrations, and relative water content were also determined. KEY RESULTS: Plants accumulated Na⁺ approximately in proportion to external salinity. Salt stimulated growth up to an external concentration of 200 mol m⁻³ NaCl and some growth was maintained at higher salinities. The main determinant of growth response to salinity was unit leaf rate. This was itself reflected in rates of CO₂ assimilation, which were not affected by 200 mol m⁻³ but were reduced at higher salinities. Reductions in net photosynthetic rate could be accounted for largely by lower stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration. Apart from possible effects of osmotic shock at the beginning of the experiment, salinity did not have any adverse effect on photosystem II (PSII). Neither the quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) nor the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) were reduced by salinity, and lower mid-day values recovered by dawn. Mid-day Fv/Fm was in fact depressed more at low external sodium concentration, by the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The growth responses of the hygro-halophyte A. portulacoides to salinity appear largely to depend on changes in its rate of photosynthetic gas exchange. Photosynthesis appears to be limited mainly through stomatal conductance and hence intercellular CO₂ concentration, rather than by effects on PSII; moderate salinity might stimulate carboxylation capacity. This is in contrast to more extreme halophytes, for which an ability to maintain leaf area can partially offset declining rates of carbon assimilation at high salinity.
doi_str_mv 10.1093/aob/mcm119
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The performance of plants was examined using classical growth analysis, measurements of gas exchange (infrared gas analysis), determination of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (modulated fluorimeter) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations; total ash, sodium, potassium and nitrogen concentrations, and relative water content were also determined. KEY RESULTS: Plants accumulated Na⁺ approximately in proportion to external salinity. Salt stimulated growth up to an external concentration of 200 mol m⁻³ NaCl and some growth was maintained at higher salinities. The main determinant of growth response to salinity was unit leaf rate. This was itself reflected in rates of CO₂ assimilation, which were not affected by 200 mol m⁻³ but were reduced at higher salinities. Reductions in net photosynthetic rate could be accounted for largely by lower stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration. Apart from possible effects of osmotic shock at the beginning of the experiment, salinity did not have any adverse effect on photosystem II (PSII). Neither the quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) nor the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) were reduced by salinity, and lower mid-day values recovered by dawn. Mid-day Fv/Fm was in fact depressed more at low external sodium concentration, by the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The growth responses of the hygro-halophyte A. portulacoides to salinity appear largely to depend on changes in its rate of photosynthetic gas exchange. Photosynthesis appears to be limited mainly through stomatal conductance and hence intercellular CO₂ concentration, rather than by effects on PSII; moderate salinity might stimulate carboxylation capacity. 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Enrique</creatorcontrib><title>Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Salinity of the Salt-marsh Shrub Atriplex portulacoides</title><title>Annals of botany</title><addtitle>Ann Bot</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND AND AIMS ATRIPLEX: (Halimione) portulacoides is a halophytic, C₃ shrub. It is virtually confined to coastal salt marshes, where it often dominates the vegetation. The aim of this study was to investigate its growth responses to salinity and the extent to which these could be explained by photosynthetic physiology. METHODS: The responses of young plants to salinity in the range 0-700 mol m⁻³ NaCl were investigated in a glasshouse experiment. The performance of plants was examined using classical growth analysis, measurements of gas exchange (infrared gas analysis), determination of chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics (modulated fluorimeter) and photosynthetic pigment concentrations; total ash, sodium, potassium and nitrogen concentrations, and relative water content were also determined. KEY RESULTS: Plants accumulated Na⁺ approximately in proportion to external salinity. Salt stimulated growth up to an external concentration of 200 mol m⁻³ NaCl and some growth was maintained at higher salinities. The main determinant of growth response to salinity was unit leaf rate. This was itself reflected in rates of CO₂ assimilation, which were not affected by 200 mol m⁻³ but were reduced at higher salinities. Reductions in net photosynthetic rate could be accounted for largely by lower stomatal conductance and intercellular CO₂ concentration. Apart from possible effects of osmotic shock at the beginning of the experiment, salinity did not have any adverse effect on photosystem II (PSII). Neither the quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) nor the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) were reduced by salinity, and lower mid-day values recovered by dawn. Mid-day Fv/Fm was in fact depressed more at low external sodium concentration, by the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The growth responses of the hygro-halophyte A. portulacoides to salinity appear largely to depend on changes in its rate of photosynthetic gas exchange. Photosynthesis appears to be limited mainly through stomatal conductance and hence intercellular CO₂ concentration, rather than by effects on PSII; moderate salinity might stimulate carboxylation capacity. 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Apart from possible effects of osmotic shock at the beginning of the experiment, salinity did not have any adverse effect on photosystem II (PSII). Neither the quantum efficiency of PSII (ΦPSII) nor the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio (Fv/Fm) were reduced by salinity, and lower mid-day values recovered by dawn. Mid-day Fv/Fm was in fact depressed more at low external sodium concentration, by the end of the experiment. CONCLUSIONS: The growth responses of the hygro-halophyte A. portulacoides to salinity appear largely to depend on changes in its rate of photosynthetic gas exchange. Photosynthesis appears to be limited mainly through stomatal conductance and hence intercellular CO₂ concentration, rather than by effects on PSII; moderate salinity might stimulate carboxylation capacity. 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subjects Atriplex
Atriplex - drug effects
Atriplex - growth & development
Atriplex - metabolism
Atriplex portulacoides
Brackish
Chlorophyll - chemistry
Chlorophyll - metabolism
chlorophyll fluorescence
Chlorophylls
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Fluorescence
growth rate
Halimione portulacoides
halophyte
Halophytes
Leaf area
Leaves
Marine
Original
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis - drug effects
Photosynthesis - physiology
photosystem II
Photosystem II Protein Complex - metabolism
Plant growth
Plant Leaves - drug effects
Plant Leaves - metabolism
Plant Roots - drug effects
Plant Roots - metabolism
Plant Shoots - drug effects
Plant Shoots - metabolism
Plants
Salinity
salt marsh
salt tolerance
Sodium
Sodium Chloride - pharmacology
stomatal conductance
Water - metabolism
title Growth and Photosynthetic Responses to Salinity of the Salt-marsh Shrub Atriplex portulacoides
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