A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota
The many layers and structures of the skin serve as elaborate hosts to microbes, including a diversity of commensal and pathogenic bacteria that contribute to both human health and disease. To determine the complexity and identity of the microbes inhabiting the skin, we sequenced bacterial 16S small...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Genome Research 2008-07, Vol.18 (7), p.1043-1050 |
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| creator | Grice, Elizabeth A Kong, Heidi H Renaud, Gabriel Young, Alice C Bouffard, Gerard G Blakesley, Robert W Wolfsberg, Tyra G Turner, Maria L Segre, Julia A |
| description | The many layers and structures of the skin serve as elaborate hosts to microbes, including a diversity of commensal and pathogenic bacteria that contribute to both human health and disease. To determine the complexity and identity of the microbes inhabiting the skin, we sequenced bacterial 16S small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes isolated from the inner elbow of five healthy human subjects. This analysis revealed 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; "phylotypes") at the level of 97% similarity that belong to six bacterial divisions. To survey all depths of the skin, we sampled using three methods: swab, scrape, and punch biopsy. Proteobacteria dominated the skin microbiota at all depths of sampling. Interpersonal variation is approximately equal to intrapersonal variation when considering bacterial community membership and structure. Finally, we report strong similarities in the complexity and identity of mouse and human skin microbiota. This study of healthy human skin microbiota will serve to direct future research addressing the role of skin microbiota in health and disease, and metagenomic projects addressing the complex physiological interactions between the skin and the microbes that inhabit this environment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1101/gr.075549.107 |
| format | Article |
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To determine the complexity and identity of the microbes inhabiting the skin, we sequenced bacterial 16S small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes isolated from the inner elbow of five healthy human subjects. This analysis revealed 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; "phylotypes") at the level of 97% similarity that belong to six bacterial divisions. To survey all depths of the skin, we sampled using three methods: swab, scrape, and punch biopsy. Proteobacteria dominated the skin microbiota at all depths of sampling. Interpersonal variation is approximately equal to intrapersonal variation when considering bacterial community membership and structure. Finally, we report strong similarities in the complexity and identity of mouse and human skin microbiota. 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This study of healthy human skin microbiota will serve to direct future research addressing the role of skin microbiota in health and disease, and metagenomic projects addressing the complex physiological interactions between the skin and the microbes that inhabit this environment.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Bacteria - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - analysis</subject><subject>DNA, Bacterial - genetics</subject><subject>DNA, Ribosomal - genetics</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Genetic Variation</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Letter</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred C57BL</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Proteobacteria</subject><subject>RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics</subject><subject>Skin - microbiology</subject><issn>1088-9051</issn><issn>1549-5469</issn><issn>1549-5477</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtLAzEQx4MotlaPXmVP3rYmm2STXIRS6gMKXvQcstmkje5uarJb6Lc3pcXHSRiYYebHf14AXCM4RQiiu1WYQkYpEVME2QkYoxTmlJTiNMWQ81xAikbgIsZ3CCEmnJ-DEeIUFoKQMYCzrHZbE6Lrd9kmeOsak3mb9WuTrYdWdVn8cF3WOh185XyvLsGZVU00V0c_AW8Pi9f5U758eXyez5a5Jrzoc6os1sxAhlInVCrOC1Jrglmtay40s8xSWrG65DRBjBMtCFYMY4vKAtIKT8D9QXczVK2pten6oBq5Ca5VYSe9cvJvpXNrufJbWRCBcbIJuD0KBP85mNjL1kVtmkZ1xg9RlqLgFInyX7CAKM1N94r5AUy3iDEY-z0NgnL_DLkK8vCMlGGJv_m9wg99vD7-AoqPhF8</recordid><startdate>20080701</startdate><enddate>20080701</enddate><creator>Grice, Elizabeth A</creator><creator>Kong, Heidi H</creator><creator>Renaud, Gabriel</creator><creator>Young, Alice C</creator><creator>Bouffard, Gerard G</creator><creator>Blakesley, Robert W</creator><creator>Wolfsberg, Tyra G</creator><creator>Turner, Maria L</creator><creator>Segre, Julia A</creator><general>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T7</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080701</creationdate><title>A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota</title><author>Grice, Elizabeth A ; 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To determine the complexity and identity of the microbes inhabiting the skin, we sequenced bacterial 16S small-subunit ribosomal RNA genes isolated from the inner elbow of five healthy human subjects. This analysis revealed 113 operational taxonomic units (OTUs; "phylotypes") at the level of 97% similarity that belong to six bacterial divisions. To survey all depths of the skin, we sampled using three methods: swab, scrape, and punch biopsy. Proteobacteria dominated the skin microbiota at all depths of sampling. Interpersonal variation is approximately equal to intrapersonal variation when considering bacterial community membership and structure. Finally, we report strong similarities in the complexity and identity of mouse and human skin microbiota. This study of healthy human skin microbiota will serve to direct future research addressing the role of skin microbiota in health and disease, and metagenomic projects addressing the complex physiological interactions between the skin and the microbes that inhabit this environment.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press</pub><pmid>18502944</pmid><doi>10.1101/gr.075549.107</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adult Aged Animals Bacteria - genetics DNA, Bacterial - analysis DNA, Bacterial - genetics DNA, Ribosomal - genetics Female Genetic Variation Humans Letter Male Mice Mice, Inbred C57BL Middle Aged Proteobacteria RNA, Ribosomal, 16S - genetics Skin - microbiology |
| title | A diversity profile of the human skin microbiota |
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