Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation
Tropical deforestation is estimated to cause about one-quarter of anthropogenic carbon emissions, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental services. United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic pote...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2008-07, Vol.105 (30), p.10302-10307 |
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| container_title | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS |
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| creator | Kindermann, Georg Obersteiner, Michael Sohngen, Brent Sathaye, Jayant Andrasko, Kenneth Rametsteiner, Ewald Schlamadinger, Bernhard Wunder, Sven Beach, Robert |
| description | Tropical deforestation is estimated to cause about one-quarter of anthropogenic carbon emissions, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental services. United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic potential of AD has yet to be addressed. We use three economic models of global land use and management to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option. A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3-0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 x 10⁵ g) CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion·yr⁻¹ for 30 years. A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5-2.7 Gt CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion·yr⁻¹. Finally, some caveats to the analysis that could increase costs of AD programs are described. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1073/pnas.0710616105 |
| format | Article |
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United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic potential of AD has yet to be addressed. We use three economic models of global land use and management to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option. A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3-0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 x 10⁵ g) CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion·yr⁻¹ for 30 years. A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5-2.7 Gt CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion·yr⁻¹. Finally, some caveats to the analysis that could increase costs of AD programs are described.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0027-8424</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1091-6490</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0710616105</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18650377</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Academy of Sciences</publisher><subject>Atmosphere ; Biodiversity ; biogeochemical cycles ; Carbon ; Carbon dioxide ; Carbon dioxide emissions ; Carbon pricing ; Carbon sequestration ; Climate change ; Conservation of Natural Resources - economics ; cost analysis ; Cost estimates ; costs and returns ; Deforestation ; Developing Countries - economics ; Economics ; Ecosystem ; Emissions ; Emissions reduction ; Forest management ; Forests ; gas emissions ; global carbon budget ; Greenhouse Effect ; Marginal costs ; Modeling ; Public Policy ; Social Sciences ; Trees ; tropical forests ; United Nations</subject><ispartof>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS, 2008-07, Vol.105 (30), p.10302-10307</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2008 The National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</rights><rights>Copyright National Academy of Sciences Jul 29, 2008</rights><rights>2008 by The National Academy of Sciences of the USA</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c620t-378c7c7828a4104cf14b459bfca2492db8bcebf256bd60ad6418c76c5464e9903</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c620t-378c7c7828a4104cf14b459bfca2492db8bcebf256bd60ad6418c76c5464e9903</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Uhttp://www.pnas.org/content/105/30.cover.gif</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25463149$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25463149$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27901,27902,53766,53768,57992,58225</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18650377$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kindermann, Georg</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obersteiner, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sohngen, Brent</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sathaye, Jayant</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Andrasko, Kenneth</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rametsteiner, Ewald</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schlamadinger, Bernhard</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wunder, Sven</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Beach, Robert</creatorcontrib><title>Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation</title><title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS</title><addtitle>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</addtitle><description>Tropical deforestation is estimated to cause about one-quarter of anthropogenic carbon emissions, loss of biodiversity, and other environmental services. United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic potential of AD has yet to be addressed. We use three economic models of global land use and management to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option. A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3-0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 x 10⁵ g) CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion·yr⁻¹ for 30 years. A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5-2.7 Gt CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion·yr⁻¹. Finally, some caveats to the analysis that could increase costs of AD programs are described.</description><subject>Atmosphere</subject><subject>Biodiversity</subject><subject>biogeochemical cycles</subject><subject>Carbon</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide</subject><subject>Carbon dioxide emissions</subject><subject>Carbon pricing</subject><subject>Carbon sequestration</subject><subject>Climate change</subject><subject>Conservation of Natural Resources - economics</subject><subject>cost analysis</subject><subject>Cost estimates</subject><subject>costs and returns</subject><subject>Deforestation</subject><subject>Developing Countries - economics</subject><subject>Economics</subject><subject>Ecosystem</subject><subject>Emissions</subject><subject>Emissions reduction</subject><subject>Forest management</subject><subject>Forests</subject><subject>gas emissions</subject><subject>global carbon budget</subject><subject>Greenhouse Effect</subject><subject>Marginal costs</subject><subject>Modeling</subject><subject>Public Policy</subject><subject>Social Sciences</subject><subject>Trees</subject><subject>tropical forests</subject><subject>United Nations</subject><issn>0027-8424</issn><issn>1091-6490</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks1v1DAQxS0EokvhzAmwekDikHb8ESe-IKEKSqVKIEHPlu04u1ll48V2KvjvO6tddYFLTz683zzNm2dCXjM4Z9CIi-1k8zk0DBRTDOonZMFAs0pJDU_JAoA3VSu5PCEvcl4DgK5beE5OWKtqEE2zIN-vxujsSH3MhYZcho0tIdPY0xS62Q_TknqbXJxo2Aw5D3HKtKxSnJcrau_i0IWOdqGPCWdtQfkledbbMYdXh_eU3H75_PPya3Xz7er68tNN5RWHUomm9Y1vWt5ayUD6nkkna-16b7nUvHOt88H1vFauU2A7JRkOKF9LJYPWIE7Jx73vdnab0PkwlWRHs02YIP0x0Q7mX2UaVmYZ7wyXreBCocH7g0GKv2Zc32BAH8bRTiHO2TCNV2SaI3j2H7iOc5ownOHAJDRK1whd7CGfYs4p9A-bMDC7qsyuKnOsCife_h3gyB-6QeDDAdhNHu1qI3aWArjp53Es4XdBlj7CIvJmj6xziemB4XhRwaRG_d1e7200dpmGbG5_YECBv4bpVktxD7sfvDQ</recordid><startdate>20080729</startdate><enddate>20080729</enddate><creator>Kindermann, Georg</creator><creator>Obersteiner, Michael</creator><creator>Sohngen, Brent</creator><creator>Sathaye, Jayant</creator><creator>Andrasko, Kenneth</creator><creator>Rametsteiner, Ewald</creator><creator>Schlamadinger, Bernhard</creator><creator>Wunder, Sven</creator><creator>Beach, Robert</creator><general>National Academy of Sciences</general><general>National Acad Sciences</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7QG</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7QR</scope><scope>7SN</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7ST</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U6</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080729</creationdate><title>Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation</title><author>Kindermann, Georg ; 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United Nations Framework Convention for Climate Change talks are now considering mechanisms for avoiding deforestation (AD), but the economic potential of AD has yet to be addressed. We use three economic models of global land use and management to analyze the potential contribution of AD activities to reduced greenhouse gas emissions. AD activities are found to be a competitive, low-cost abatement option. A program providing a 10% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 0.3-0.6 Gt (1 Gt = 1 x 10⁵ g) CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $0.4 billion to $1.7 billion·yr⁻¹ for 30 years. A 50% reduction in deforestation from 2005 to 2030 could provide 1.5-2.7 Gt CO₂·yr⁻¹ in emission reductions and would require $17.2 billion to $28.0 billion·yr⁻¹. 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| subjects | Atmosphere Biodiversity biogeochemical cycles Carbon Carbon dioxide Carbon dioxide emissions Carbon pricing Carbon sequestration Climate change Conservation of Natural Resources - economics cost analysis Cost estimates costs and returns Deforestation Developing Countries - economics Economics Ecosystem Emissions Emissions reduction Forest management Forests gas emissions global carbon budget Greenhouse Effect Marginal costs Modeling Public Policy Social Sciences Trees tropical forests United Nations |
| title | Global cost estimates of reducing carbon emissions through avoided deforestation |
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