Day-care, early common infections and childhood acute leukaemia: a multicentre French case–control study
We conducted a case–control study to investigate the role of early infections in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemias. The study included 280 incident cases (240 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 40 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 288 hospital controls, frequency matched by age, gender...
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description | We conducted a case–control study to investigate the role of early infections in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemias. The study included 280 incident cases (240 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 40 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 288 hospital controls, frequency matched by age, gender, hospital, catchment area of the hospital and ethnic origin. Data were obtained from standardised face-to-face interviews of the mothers. The interviews included questions on early common infections, day-care attendance, breast-feeding, birth order and infantile diseases. Odds ratios were estimated using an unconditional regression model including the stratification variables, parental socio-economic status and perinatal characteristics. Birth order was not associated with childhood leukaemia (acute lymphoblastic or acute non-lymphoblastic). A statistically-significant inverse association was observed between childhood leukaemia and day-care attendance (odds ratio=0.6, 95% Confidence Interval=(0.4–1.0)), repeated early common infections (⩾4 per year before age two, odds ratio=0.6 (0.4–1.0)), surgical procedures for ear–nose–throat infections before age two (odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)) and prolonged breast-feeding (⩾6 months, odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)). In the multivariate model including day-care attendance, early common infections and breast-feeding, results concerning breast-feeding remained unchanged. A statistically significant interaction between day-care attendance and repeated early common infections was observed. When the interaction was taken into account, the simple effects of day-care and early common infections disappeared (odds ratio=1.1 (0.5–2.3) and odds ratio=0.8 (0.5–1.3), respectively) while the joint effect of day-care attendance and early common infections was negatively associated with childhood leukaemia (odds ratio=0.3 (0.1–0.8)). All the above associations were observed both for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our results support Greaves' hypothesis, even though they are not specific of common leukaemia. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600091 |
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The study included 280 incident cases (240 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 40 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 288 hospital controls, frequency matched by age, gender, hospital, catchment area of the hospital and ethnic origin. Data were obtained from standardised face-to-face interviews of the mothers. The interviews included questions on early common infections, day-care attendance, breast-feeding, birth order and infantile diseases. Odds ratios were estimated using an unconditional regression model including the stratification variables, parental socio-economic status and perinatal characteristics. Birth order was not associated with childhood leukaemia (acute lymphoblastic or acute non-lymphoblastic). A statistically-significant inverse association was observed between childhood leukaemia and day-care attendance (odds ratio=0.6, 95% Confidence Interval=(0.4–1.0)), repeated early common infections (⩾4 per year before age two, odds ratio=0.6 (0.4–1.0)), surgical procedures for ear–nose–throat infections before age two (odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)) and prolonged breast-feeding (⩾6 months, odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)). In the multivariate model including day-care attendance, early common infections and breast-feeding, results concerning breast-feeding remained unchanged. A statistically significant interaction between day-care attendance and repeated early common infections was observed. When the interaction was taken into account, the simple effects of day-care and early common infections disappeared (odds ratio=1.1 (0.5–2.3) and odds ratio=0.8 (0.5–1.3), respectively) while the joint effect of day-care attendance and early common infections was negatively associated with childhood leukaemia (odds ratio=0.3 (0.1–0.8)). All the above associations were observed both for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our results support Greaves' hypothesis, even though they are not specific of common leukaemia.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-0920</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0167-6806</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1532-1827</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1573-7217</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600091</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11953850</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJCAAI</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: Nature Publishing Group UK</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Biomedical and Life Sciences ; Biomedicine ; Birth order ; Breast Feeding ; Breastfeeding & lactation ; Cancer Research ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Child Day Care Centers ; Child, Preschool ; Drug Resistance ; Epidemiology ; Etiology ; Female ; France ; France - epidemiology ; Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases ; Hematology ; Hospitals ; Humans ; Hypotheses ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Infection ; Infections ; Leukemia ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - etiology ; Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - prevention & control ; Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute ; Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis ; Life Sciences ; Male ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Molecular Medicine ; Odds Ratio ; Oncology ; Pediatrics ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - etiology ; Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - prevention & control ; Risk Factors ; Santé publique et épidémiologie</subject><ispartof>Breast cancer research and treatment, 2002-04, Vol.86 (7), p.1064-1069</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2002</rights><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Apr 8, 2002</rights><rights>Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</rights><rights>Copyright © 2002 Cancer Research UK 2002 Cancer Research UK</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4971-4fddbd868d06ba92d9a563475c3eab6259bf257050feeff0a586410c10bfc8193</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4971-4fddbd868d06ba92d9a563475c3eab6259bf257050feeff0a586410c10bfc8193</cites><orcidid>0000-0003-1048-1517</orcidid></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2364194/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2364194/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=13835955$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11953850$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://inserm.hal.science/inserm-00137620$$DView record in HAL$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Perrillat, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clavel, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Auclerc, M F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baruchel, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leverger, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelken, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philippe, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaison, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sommelet, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilmer, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hémon, D</creatorcontrib><title>Day-care, early common infections and childhood acute leukaemia: a multicentre French case–control study</title><title>Breast cancer research and treatment</title><addtitle>Br J Cancer</addtitle><addtitle>Br J Cancer</addtitle><description>We conducted a case–control study to investigate the role of early infections in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemias. The study included 280 incident cases (240 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 40 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 288 hospital controls, frequency matched by age, gender, hospital, catchment area of the hospital and ethnic origin. Data were obtained from standardised face-to-face interviews of the mothers. The interviews included questions on early common infections, day-care attendance, breast-feeding, birth order and infantile diseases. Odds ratios were estimated using an unconditional regression model including the stratification variables, parental socio-economic status and perinatal characteristics. Birth order was not associated with childhood leukaemia (acute lymphoblastic or acute non-lymphoblastic). A statistically-significant inverse association was observed between childhood leukaemia and day-care attendance (odds ratio=0.6, 95% Confidence Interval=(0.4–1.0)), repeated early common infections (⩾4 per year before age two, odds ratio=0.6 (0.4–1.0)), surgical procedures for ear–nose–throat infections before age two (odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)) and prolonged breast-feeding (⩾6 months, odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)). In the multivariate model including day-care attendance, early common infections and breast-feeding, results concerning breast-feeding remained unchanged. A statistically significant interaction between day-care attendance and repeated early common infections was observed. When the interaction was taken into account, the simple effects of day-care and early common infections disappeared (odds ratio=1.1 (0.5–2.3) and odds ratio=0.8 (0.5–1.3), respectively) while the joint effect of day-care attendance and early common infections was negatively associated with childhood leukaemia (odds ratio=0.3 (0.1–0.8)). All the above associations were observed both for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our results support Greaves' hypothesis, even though they are not specific of common leukaemia.</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomedical and Life Sciences</subject><subject>Biomedicine</subject><subject>Birth order</subject><subject>Breast Feeding</subject><subject>Breastfeeding & lactation</subject><subject>Cancer Research</subject><subject>Case-Control Studies</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child Day Care Centers</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Drug Resistance</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Etiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>France</subject><subject>France - epidemiology</subject><subject>Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases</subject><subject>Hematology</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypotheses</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Leukemia</subject><subject>Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute</subject><subject>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology</subject><subject>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - etiology</subject><subject>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - prevention & control</subject><subject>Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute</subject><subject>Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis</subject><subject>Life Sciences</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Molecular Medicine</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>Oncology</subject><subject>Pediatrics</subject><subject>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology</subject><subject>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - etiology</subject><subject>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - prevention & control</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Santé publique et épidémiologie</subject><issn>0007-0920</issn><issn>0167-6806</issn><issn>1532-1827</issn><issn>1573-7217</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ksFu1DAQhiMEokvhyhFZSMCl2drOOok5IFWFUqSVuMDZmjiTxiGxWzuptDfegTfkSXC6EQuV4DTSzDf__Br9SfKc0TWjWXkaunXV6XWeU0ole5CsmMh4ykpePExWsVekVHJ6lDwJoZsRWhaPkyPGpMhKQVdJ9x52qQaPJwTB9zui3TA4S4xtUI_G2UDA1kS3pq9b52oCehqR9Dh9AxwMvCVAhqkfjUY7eiQXHq1uiYaAP7__0C42XU_CONW7p8mjBvqAz5Z6nHy9-PDl_DLdfv746fxsm-qNLFi6aeq6qsu8rGlegeS1BJFnm0LoDKHKuZBVw0VBBW0Qm4aCKPMNo5rRqtElk9lx8m6vez1VA9Z3xqBX194M4HfKgVF_T6xp1ZW7VTyLQnITBU72Au29tcuzrTI2oB8UpSwrck5vWcTfLPe8u5kwjGowQWPfg0U3BRUxXjDJZ2ev_0-y_E43gi_vgZ2bvI1fU5xLOSvOd9d7SHsXgsfmt1dG1RwOFToVw6GWcMSFF38-5oAvaYjAqwWAoKFvPFhtwoHLykxIISJ3uudCHNkr9Ad7_zj9C_AB1F8</recordid><startdate>20020408</startdate><enddate>20020408</enddate><creator>Perrillat, F</creator><creator>Clavel, J</creator><creator>Auclerc, M F</creator><creator>Baruchel, A</creator><creator>Leverger, G</creator><creator>Nelken, B</creator><creator>Philippe, N</creator><creator>Schaison, G</creator><creator>Sommelet, D</creator><creator>Vilmer, E</creator><creator>Hémon, D</creator><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><general>Springer Verlag</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>1XC</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1048-1517</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20020408</creationdate><title>Day-care, early common infections and childhood acute leukaemia: a multicentre French case–control study</title><author>Perrillat, F ; Clavel, J ; Auclerc, M F ; Baruchel, A ; Leverger, G ; Nelken, B ; Philippe, N ; Schaison, G ; Sommelet, D ; Vilmer, E ; Hémon, D</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4971-4fddbd868d06ba92d9a563475c3eab6259bf257050feeff0a586410c10bfc8193</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomedical and Life Sciences</topic><topic>Biomedicine</topic><topic>Birth order</topic><topic>Breast Feeding</topic><topic>Breastfeeding & lactation</topic><topic>Cancer Research</topic><topic>Case-Control Studies</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child Day Care Centers</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Drug Resistance</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Etiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>France</topic><topic>France - epidemiology</topic><topic>Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases</topic><topic>Hematology</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypotheses</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Leukemia</topic><topic>Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute</topic><topic>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology</topic><topic>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - etiology</topic><topic>Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - prevention & control</topic><topic>Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute</topic><topic>Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis</topic><topic>Life Sciences</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Molecular Medicine</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>Oncology</topic><topic>Pediatrics</topic><topic>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology</topic><topic>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - etiology</topic><topic>Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - prevention & control</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Santé publique et épidémiologie</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Perrillat, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clavel, J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Auclerc, M F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Baruchel, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Leverger, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nelken, B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Philippe, N</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Schaison, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sommelet, D</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Vilmer, E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hémon, D</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Oncogenes and Growth Factors Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Public Health Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Hyper Article en Ligne (HAL)</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Breast cancer research and treatment</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Perrillat, F</au><au>Clavel, J</au><au>Auclerc, M F</au><au>Baruchel, A</au><au>Leverger, G</au><au>Nelken, B</au><au>Philippe, N</au><au>Schaison, G</au><au>Sommelet, D</au><au>Vilmer, E</au><au>Hémon, D</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Day-care, early common infections and childhood acute leukaemia: a multicentre French case–control study</atitle><jtitle>Breast cancer research and treatment</jtitle><stitle>Br J Cancer</stitle><addtitle>Br J Cancer</addtitle><date>2002-04-08</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>86</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>1064</spage><epage>1069</epage><pages>1064-1069</pages><issn>0007-0920</issn><issn>0167-6806</issn><eissn>1532-1827</eissn><eissn>1573-7217</eissn><coden>BJCAAI</coden><abstract>We conducted a case–control study to investigate the role of early infections in the aetiology of childhood acute leukaemias. The study included 280 incident cases (240 acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 40 acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia) and 288 hospital controls, frequency matched by age, gender, hospital, catchment area of the hospital and ethnic origin. Data were obtained from standardised face-to-face interviews of the mothers. The interviews included questions on early common infections, day-care attendance, breast-feeding, birth order and infantile diseases. Odds ratios were estimated using an unconditional regression model including the stratification variables, parental socio-economic status and perinatal characteristics. Birth order was not associated with childhood leukaemia (acute lymphoblastic or acute non-lymphoblastic). A statistically-significant inverse association was observed between childhood leukaemia and day-care attendance (odds ratio=0.6, 95% Confidence Interval=(0.4–1.0)), repeated early common infections (⩾4 per year before age two, odds ratio=0.6 (0.4–1.0)), surgical procedures for ear–nose–throat infections before age two (odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)) and prolonged breast-feeding (⩾6 months, odds ratio=0.5 (0.2–1.0)). In the multivariate model including day-care attendance, early common infections and breast-feeding, results concerning breast-feeding remained unchanged. A statistically significant interaction between day-care attendance and repeated early common infections was observed. When the interaction was taken into account, the simple effects of day-care and early common infections disappeared (odds ratio=1.1 (0.5–2.3) and odds ratio=0.8 (0.5–1.3), respectively) while the joint effect of day-care attendance and early common infections was negatively associated with childhood leukaemia (odds ratio=0.3 (0.1–0.8)). All the above associations were observed both for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Our results support Greaves' hypothesis, even though they are not specific of common leukaemia.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>Nature Publishing Group UK</pub><pmid>11953850</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.bjc.6600091</doi><tpages>6</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1048-1517</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_2364194 |
source | MEDLINE; Nature Journals Online; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central; SpringerLink Journals - AutoHoldings |
subjects | Biological and medical sciences Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Birth order Breast Feeding Breastfeeding & lactation Cancer Research Case-Control Studies Child Child Day Care Centers Child, Preschool Drug Resistance Epidemiology Etiology Female France France - epidemiology Hematologic and hematopoietic diseases Hematology Hospitals Humans Hypotheses Infant Infant, Newborn Infection Infections Leukemia Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Acute Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - epidemiology Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - etiology Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute - prevention & control Leukemia, Nonlymphocytic, Acute Leukemias. Malignant lymphomas. Malignant reticulosis. Myelofibrosis Life Sciences Male Medical research Medical sciences Molecular Medicine Odds Ratio Oncology Pediatrics Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - epidemiology Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - etiology Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma - prevention & control Risk Factors Santé publique et épidémiologie |
title | Day-care, early common infections and childhood acute leukaemia: a multicentre French case–control study |
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