Analysis of subcritical crack growth in dental ceramics using fracture mechanics and fractography

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the flexural strengths and critical flaw sizes of dental ceramic specimens will be affected by the testing environment and stressing rate even though their fracture toughness values will remain the same. Methods Ceramic specim...

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Veröffentlicht in:Dental materials 2008-05, Vol.24 (5), p.700-707
Hauptverfasser: Taskonak, Burak, Griggs, Jason A, Mecholsky, John J, Yan, Jia-Hau
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creator Taskonak, Burak
Griggs, Jason A
Mecholsky, John J
Yan, Jia-Hau
description Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the flexural strengths and critical flaw sizes of dental ceramic specimens will be affected by the testing environment and stressing rate even though their fracture toughness values will remain the same. Methods Ceramic specimens were prepared from an aluminous porcelain (Vitadur Alpha; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and an alumina–zirconia–glass composite (In-Ceram® Zirconia; VITA Zahnfabrik). Three hundred uniaxial flexure specimens (150 of each material) were fabricated to dimensions of 25 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm according to the ISO 6872 standard. Each group of 30 specimens was fractured in water using one of four different target stressing rates ranging on a logarithmic scale from 0.1 to 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and from 0.01 to 10 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The fifth group was tested in inert environment (oil) with a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and 1000 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The effects of stressing rate and environment on flexural strength, critical flaw size, and fracture toughness were analyzed statistically by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunn's test ( α = 0.05). In addition, 20 Vitadur Alpha specimens were fabricated with controlled flaws to simplify fractography. Half of these specimens were fracture tested in water and half in oil at a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s, and the results were compared using Mann–Whitney rank sum tests ( α = 0.05). A logarithmic regression model was used to determine the fatigue parameters for each material. Results For each ceramic composition, specimens tested in oil had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) and smaller critical flaw size (significant for Vitadur Alpha, P ≤ 0.05) than those tested in water but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P > 0.05). Specimens tested at faster stressing rates had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P > 0.05). Regarding critical flaw size, stressing rate had a significant effect for In-Ceram® Zirconia specimens ( P ≤ 0.05) but not for Vitadur Alpha specimens ( P > 0.05). Fatigue parameters, n and ln B , were 38.4 and −12.7 for Vitadur Alpha and were 13.1 and 10.4 for In-Ceram® Zirconia. Significance Moisture assisted subcritical crack growth had a more deleterious effect on In-Ceram® Zirconia core ceramic than on Vit
doi_str_mv 10.1016/j.dental.2007.08.001
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Methods Ceramic specimens were prepared from an aluminous porcelain (Vitadur Alpha; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and an alumina–zirconia–glass composite (In-Ceram® Zirconia; VITA Zahnfabrik). Three hundred uniaxial flexure specimens (150 of each material) were fabricated to dimensions of 25 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm according to the ISO 6872 standard. Each group of 30 specimens was fractured in water using one of four different target stressing rates ranging on a logarithmic scale from 0.1 to 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and from 0.01 to 10 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The fifth group was tested in inert environment (oil) with a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and 1000 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The effects of stressing rate and environment on flexural strength, critical flaw size, and fracture toughness were analyzed statistically by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunn's test ( α = 0.05). In addition, 20 Vitadur Alpha specimens were fabricated with controlled flaws to simplify fractography. Half of these specimens were fracture tested in water and half in oil at a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s, and the results were compared using Mann–Whitney rank sum tests ( α = 0.05). A logarithmic regression model was used to determine the fatigue parameters for each material. Results For each ceramic composition, specimens tested in oil had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) and smaller critical flaw size (significant for Vitadur Alpha, P ≤ 0.05) than those tested in water but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P &gt; 0.05). Specimens tested at faster stressing rates had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P &gt; 0.05). Regarding critical flaw size, stressing rate had a significant effect for In-Ceram® Zirconia specimens ( P ≤ 0.05) but not for Vitadur Alpha specimens ( P &gt; 0.05). Fatigue parameters, n and ln B , were 38.4 and −12.7 for Vitadur Alpha and were 13.1 and 10.4 for In-Ceram® Zirconia. Significance Moisture assisted subcritical crack growth had a more deleterious effect on In-Ceram® Zirconia core ceramic than on Vitadur Alpha porcelain. Fracture surface analysis identified fracture surface features that can potentially mislead investigators into misidentifying the critical flaw.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0109-5641</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1879-0097</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1016/j.dental.2007.08.001</identifier><identifier>PMID: 17845817</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: Elsevier Ltd</publisher><subject>Advanced Basic Science ; Aluminum Oxide - chemistry ; Dental ceramic ; Dental Polishing - methods ; Dental Porcelain - chemistry ; Dentistry ; Fracture surface analysis ; Glass - chemistry ; Humans ; Materials Testing - methods ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oils - chemistry ; Pliability ; Stress, Mechanical ; Stressing rate ; Subcritical crack growth ; Surface Properties ; Testing environment ; Water - chemistry ; Zirconium - chemistry</subject><ispartof>Dental materials, 2008-05, Vol.24 (5), p.700-707</ispartof><rights>Academy of Dental Materials</rights><rights>2007 Academy of Dental Materials</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-2200e333ce1ff76d6604a9b598d2be8382439b965877042e9330871ee4157c853</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c644t-2200e333ce1ff76d6604a9b598d2be8382439b965877042e9330871ee4157c853</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2007.08.001$$EHTML$$P50$$Gelsevier$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,3550,27924,27925,45995</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17845817$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Taskonak, Burak</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Griggs, Jason A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mecholsky, John J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Yan, Jia-Hau</creatorcontrib><title>Analysis of subcritical crack growth in dental ceramics using fracture mechanics and fractography</title><title>Dental materials</title><addtitle>Dent Mater</addtitle><description>Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the flexural strengths and critical flaw sizes of dental ceramic specimens will be affected by the testing environment and stressing rate even though their fracture toughness values will remain the same. Methods Ceramic specimens were prepared from an aluminous porcelain (Vitadur Alpha; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and an alumina–zirconia–glass composite (In-Ceram® Zirconia; VITA Zahnfabrik). Three hundred uniaxial flexure specimens (150 of each material) were fabricated to dimensions of 25 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm according to the ISO 6872 standard. Each group of 30 specimens was fractured in water using one of four different target stressing rates ranging on a logarithmic scale from 0.1 to 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and from 0.01 to 10 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The fifth group was tested in inert environment (oil) with a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and 1000 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The effects of stressing rate and environment on flexural strength, critical flaw size, and fracture toughness were analyzed statistically by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunn's test ( α = 0.05). In addition, 20 Vitadur Alpha specimens were fabricated with controlled flaws to simplify fractography. Half of these specimens were fracture tested in water and half in oil at a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s, and the results were compared using Mann–Whitney rank sum tests ( α = 0.05). A logarithmic regression model was used to determine the fatigue parameters for each material. Results For each ceramic composition, specimens tested in oil had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) and smaller critical flaw size (significant for Vitadur Alpha, P ≤ 0.05) than those tested in water but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P &gt; 0.05). Specimens tested at faster stressing rates had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P &gt; 0.05). Regarding critical flaw size, stressing rate had a significant effect for In-Ceram® Zirconia specimens ( P ≤ 0.05) but not for Vitadur Alpha specimens ( P &gt; 0.05). Fatigue parameters, n and ln B , were 38.4 and −12.7 for Vitadur Alpha and were 13.1 and 10.4 for In-Ceram® Zirconia. Significance Moisture assisted subcritical crack growth had a more deleterious effect on In-Ceram® Zirconia core ceramic than on Vitadur Alpha porcelain. Fracture surface analysis identified fracture surface features that can potentially mislead investigators into misidentifying the critical flaw.</description><subject>Advanced Basic Science</subject><subject>Aluminum Oxide - chemistry</subject><subject>Dental ceramic</subject><subject>Dental Polishing - methods</subject><subject>Dental Porcelain - chemistry</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Fracture surface analysis</subject><subject>Glass - chemistry</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Materials Testing - methods</subject><subject>Microscopy, Electron, Scanning</subject><subject>Oils - chemistry</subject><subject>Pliability</subject><subject>Stress, Mechanical</subject><subject>Stressing rate</subject><subject>Subcritical crack growth</subject><subject>Surface Properties</subject><subject>Testing environment</subject><subject>Water - chemistry</subject><subject>Zirconium - chemistry</subject><issn>0109-5641</issn><issn>1879-0097</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2008</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFUk2P0zAQtRCILQv_AKGcuCWM7Ti2L0irFV_SShyAs-U4k9bd1Cl2sqj_HkepWODSkyXPmzfz5j1CXlOoKNDm3b7qMEx2qBiArEBVAPQJ2VAldQmg5VOyAQq6FE1Nr8iLlPYAUDNNn5MrKlUtFJUbYm-CHU7Jp2LsizS3LvrJOzsULlp3X2zj-GvaFT4U67DCYbQH71IxJx-2RZ9R0xyxOKDb2bAUbOjW73Eb7XF3ekme9XZI-Or8XpMfHz98v_1c3n399OX25q50TV1PJcsykHPukPa9bLqmgdrqVmjVsRYVV6zmutWNUFJmGag5ByUpYk2FdErwa_J-5T3O7QE7l_eNdjDH6A82nsxovfm3EvzObMcHw7hQmi0Eb88Ecfw5Y5rMwSeHw2ADjnMyeSyVVNGLQM41CEH5ZSATlAlVZ2C9Al0cU4rY_1mbglncNnuzGmAWtw0ok93ObW_-lvzYdLb38SaYD__gMZrkPAaHnY_oJtON_tKE_wnc4MMSkHs8YdqPc8z5SYaaxAyYb0vilsCBzN1aMv4bVVXSzQ</recordid><startdate>20080501</startdate><enddate>20080501</enddate><creator>Taskonak, Burak</creator><creator>Griggs, Jason A</creator><creator>Mecholsky, John J</creator><creator>Yan, Jia-Hau</creator><general>Elsevier Ltd</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>7TB</scope><scope>7U5</scope><scope>8BQ</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>L7M</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20080501</creationdate><title>Analysis of subcritical crack growth in dental ceramics using fracture mechanics and fractography</title><author>Taskonak, Burak ; 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Methods Ceramic specimens were prepared from an aluminous porcelain (Vitadur Alpha; VITA Zahnfabrik, Bad Säckingen, Germany) and an alumina–zirconia–glass composite (In-Ceram® Zirconia; VITA Zahnfabrik). Three hundred uniaxial flexure specimens (150 of each material) were fabricated to dimensions of 25 mm × 4 mm × 1.2 mm according to the ISO 6872 standard. Each group of 30 specimens was fractured in water using one of four different target stressing rates ranging on a logarithmic scale from 0.1 to 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and from 0.01 to 10 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The fifth group was tested in inert environment (oil) with a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s for Vitadur Alpha and 1000 MPa/s for In-Ceram® Zirconia. The effects of stressing rate and environment on flexural strength, critical flaw size, and fracture toughness were analyzed statistically by Kruskal–Wallis one-way ANOVA on ranks followed by post hoc comparisons using Dunn's test ( α = 0.05). In addition, 20 Vitadur Alpha specimens were fabricated with controlled flaws to simplify fractography. Half of these specimens were fracture tested in water and half in oil at a target stressing rate of 100 MPa/s, and the results were compared using Mann–Whitney rank sum tests ( α = 0.05). A logarithmic regression model was used to determine the fatigue parameters for each material. Results For each ceramic composition, specimens tested in oil had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) and smaller critical flaw size (significant for Vitadur Alpha, P ≤ 0.05) than those tested in water but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P &gt; 0.05). Specimens tested at faster stressing rates had significantly higher strength ( P ≤ 0.05) but did not have significantly different fracture toughness ( P &gt; 0.05). Regarding critical flaw size, stressing rate had a significant effect for In-Ceram® Zirconia specimens ( P ≤ 0.05) but not for Vitadur Alpha specimens ( P &gt; 0.05). Fatigue parameters, n and ln B , were 38.4 and −12.7 for Vitadur Alpha and were 13.1 and 10.4 for In-Ceram® Zirconia. Significance Moisture assisted subcritical crack growth had a more deleterious effect on In-Ceram® Zirconia core ceramic than on Vitadur Alpha porcelain. Fracture surface analysis identified fracture surface features that can potentially mislead investigators into misidentifying the critical flaw.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>Elsevier Ltd</pub><pmid>17845817</pmid><doi>10.1016/j.dental.2007.08.001</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Advanced Basic Science
Aluminum Oxide - chemistry
Dental ceramic
Dental Polishing - methods
Dental Porcelain - chemistry
Dentistry
Fracture surface analysis
Glass - chemistry
Humans
Materials Testing - methods
Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
Oils - chemistry
Pliability
Stress, Mechanical
Stressing rate
Subcritical crack growth
Surface Properties
Testing environment
Water - chemistry
Zirconium - chemistry
title Analysis of subcritical crack growth in dental ceramics using fracture mechanics and fractography
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