Antibiotic resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in Lesotho
Villages associated with the Lesotho Highlands Development Agency were randomized with a bias in favour of larger villages, and children < 5 years of age from cluster-randomized households in these villages were chosen for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. Children of the sa...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1998-11, Vol.76 (6), p.641-650 |
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| description | Villages associated with the Lesotho Highlands Development Agency were randomized with a bias in favour of larger villages, and children < 5 years of age from cluster-randomized households in these villages were chosen for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. Children of the same age group attending clinics in the capital, Maseru, were selected for comparison. Nasopharyngeal cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae from both groups of children were examined for antibiotic resistance and a questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for the acquisition of resistant strains. Carriage of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant pneumococci was significantly higher among 196 Maseru children compared with 324 rural children (P < 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). Maseru children tended to visit clinics at an earlier age compared with their rural counterparts. The rural children were less exposed to antibiotics (P < 0.01), were less frequently hospitalized (P < 0.001), and rarely attended day care centres (P < 0.001). The very low incidence of antibiotic resistance in rural Lesotho and the higher incidence in Maseru are in stark contrast with the much higher frequencies found in the Republic of South Africa, many European countries, and the USA. |
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J ; KLUGMAN, K. P</creator><creatorcontrib>MTHWALO, M ; WASAS, A ; HUEBNER, R ; KOORNHOF, H. J ; KLUGMAN, K. P</creatorcontrib><description>Villages associated with the Lesotho Highlands Development Agency were randomized with a bias in favour of larger villages, and children < 5 years of age from cluster-randomized households in these villages were chosen for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. Children of the same age group attending clinics in the capital, Maseru, were selected for comparison. Nasopharyngeal cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae from both groups of children were examined for antibiotic resistance and a questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for the acquisition of resistant strains. Carriage of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant pneumococci was significantly higher among 196 Maseru children compared with 324 rural children (P < 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). Maseru children tended to visit clinics at an earlier age compared with their rural counterparts. The rural children were less exposed to antibiotics (P < 0.01), were less frequently hospitalized (P < 0.001), and rarely attended day care centres (P < 0.001). The very low incidence of antibiotic resistance in rural Lesotho and the higher incidence in Maseru are in stark contrast with the much higher frequencies found in the Republic of South Africa, many European countries, and the USA.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0042-9686</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1564-0604</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10191560</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BWHOA6</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Genève: Organisation mondiale de la santé</publisher><subject>Africa ; Age ; Analysis. Health state ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology ; Antibiotics ; Antibiotics, Antitubercular - pharmacology ; Antimicrobial agents ; Biological and medical sciences ; Child, Preschool ; Chloramphenicol - pharmacology ; Chloramphenicol Resistance ; Clindamycin - pharmacology ; Cluster Analysis ; Dams ; Developing countries ; Drug resistance ; Drug resistance in microorganisms ; Drug Resistance, Microbial ; Ear diseases ; Epidemiology ; Erythromycin - pharmacology ; General aspects ; Health aspects ; Households ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Laboratories ; LDCs ; Lesotho ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Meningitis ; Nose - microbiology ; Penicillin ; Penicillin Resistance ; Penicillins - pharmacology ; Pharynx - microbiology ; Pneumonia ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Questionnaires ; Random Allocation ; Rifampin - pharmacology ; Risk factors ; Rural areas ; Rural Population ; Streptococcus infections ; Streptococcus pneumoniae ; Streptococcus pneumoniae - drug effects ; Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification ; Tetracycline - pharmacology ; Tetracycline Resistance ; Tropical medicine ; Urban Population</subject><ispartof>Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1998-11, Vol.76 (6), p.641-650</ispartof><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 1998 World Health Organization</rights><rights>Copyright World Health Organization 1998</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2312483/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2312483/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27866,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1721264$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10191560$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>MTHWALO, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WASAS, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HUEBNER, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KOORNHOF, H. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KLUGMAN, K. P</creatorcontrib><title>Antibiotic resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in Lesotho</title><title>Bulletin of the World Health Organization</title><addtitle>Bull World Health Organ</addtitle><description>Villages associated with the Lesotho Highlands Development Agency were randomized with a bias in favour of larger villages, and children < 5 years of age from cluster-randomized households in these villages were chosen for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. Children of the same age group attending clinics in the capital, Maseru, were selected for comparison. Nasopharyngeal cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae from both groups of children were examined for antibiotic resistance and a questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for the acquisition of resistant strains. Carriage of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant pneumococci was significantly higher among 196 Maseru children compared with 324 rural children (P < 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). Maseru children tended to visit clinics at an earlier age compared with their rural counterparts. The rural children were less exposed to antibiotics (P < 0.01), were less frequently hospitalized (P < 0.001), and rarely attended day care centres (P < 0.001). The very low incidence of antibiotic resistance in rural Lesotho and the higher incidence in Maseru are in stark contrast with the much higher frequencies found in the Republic of South Africa, many European countries, and the USA.</description><subject>Africa</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Analysis. Health state</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Antibiotics, Antitubercular - pharmacology</subject><subject>Antimicrobial agents</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Chloramphenicol - pharmacology</subject><subject>Chloramphenicol Resistance</subject><subject>Clindamycin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Cluster Analysis</subject><subject>Dams</subject><subject>Developing countries</subject><subject>Drug resistance</subject><subject>Drug resistance in microorganisms</subject><subject>Drug Resistance, Microbial</subject><subject>Ear diseases</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Erythromycin - pharmacology</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>LDCs</subject><subject>Lesotho</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Meningitis</subject><subject>Nose - microbiology</subject><subject>Penicillin</subject><subject>Penicillin Resistance</subject><subject>Penicillins - pharmacology</subject><subject>Pharynx - microbiology</subject><subject>Pneumonia</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Questionnaires</subject><subject>Random Allocation</subject><subject>Rifampin - pharmacology</subject><subject>Risk factors</subject><subject>Rural areas</subject><subject>Rural Population</subject><subject>Streptococcus infections</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae - drug effects</subject><subject>Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification</subject><subject>Tetracycline - pharmacology</subject><subject>Tetracycline Resistance</subject><subject>Tropical medicine</subject><subject>Urban Population</subject><issn>0042-9686</issn><issn>1564-0604</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>KPI</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqN0l2L1DAUBuAiiju7-hekiF8XFpI0TZobYVj8GBxQXL0OaXraZmmT2qSi_36P7Kg7sojJRSB5eDlJzp1sQyvBCyIIv5ttCOGsUKIWJ9lpjJcEh-LkfnZCCVUIySaDrU-ucSE5my8QXUzGW8hDl3sTwzyY5YfvwYy5i2E0CeLPo4u0wJyCDdauMZ89rFPwzkDeLWHK7eDGdgGfO5_vIYY0hAfZvc6MER4e1rPsy5vXn8_fFfsPb3fn233RV4ymolIlY6arRSMslwC0krjVEFCcclo2TcOrhkEruSkpq2srubJgJWkUFbZsy7Ps1XXuvDYTtBZ8Wsyo58VNeBEdjNPHJ94Nug_fNMM8XpcY8PwQsISvK8SkJxctjKPxENaoJS8lPp6sUT77pxSKqrKsKoSP_4KXYV08PoNmTFWYpyiil9eoNyNo57uA5dkePGCVwUPncHtbSUFkLTjy4haOs4XJ2dv8iyOPJMH31Js1Rv3-4-5_6e7i0xF9eoMO2CVpwC5Zkws-HrlHN3_l93f86kIETw7ARGvGbsEedPGPk4wyzLkCoVflRA</recordid><startdate>19981101</startdate><enddate>19981101</enddate><creator>MTHWALO, M</creator><creator>WASAS, A</creator><creator>HUEBNER, R</creator><creator>KOORNHOF, H. 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Health state</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Antibiotics, Antitubercular - pharmacology</topic><topic>Antimicrobial agents</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Chloramphenicol - pharmacology</topic><topic>Chloramphenicol Resistance</topic><topic>Clindamycin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Cluster Analysis</topic><topic>Dams</topic><topic>Developing countries</topic><topic>Drug resistance</topic><topic>Drug resistance in microorganisms</topic><topic>Drug Resistance, Microbial</topic><topic>Ear diseases</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic><topic>Erythromycin - pharmacology</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>LDCs</topic><topic>Lesotho</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Meningitis</topic><topic>Nose - microbiology</topic><topic>Penicillin</topic><topic>Penicillin Resistance</topic><topic>Penicillins - pharmacology</topic><topic>Pharynx - microbiology</topic><topic>Pneumonia</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Questionnaires</topic><topic>Random Allocation</topic><topic>Rifampin - pharmacology</topic><topic>Risk factors</topic><topic>Rural areas</topic><topic>Rural Population</topic><topic>Streptococcus infections</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae - drug effects</topic><topic>Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification</topic><topic>Tetracycline - pharmacology</topic><topic>Tetracycline Resistance</topic><topic>Tropical medicine</topic><topic>Urban Population</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MTHWALO, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>WASAS, A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HUEBNER, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KOORNHOF, H. J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KLUGMAN, K. 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J</au><au>KLUGMAN, K. P</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antibiotic resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in Lesotho</atitle><jtitle>Bulletin of the World Health Organization</jtitle><addtitle>Bull World Health Organ</addtitle><date>1998-11-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>641</spage><epage>650</epage><pages>641-650</pages><issn>0042-9686</issn><eissn>1564-0604</eissn><coden>BWHOA6</coden><abstract>Villages associated with the Lesotho Highlands Development Agency were randomized with a bias in favour of larger villages, and children < 5 years of age from cluster-randomized households in these villages were chosen for the assessment of antibiotic resistance in pneumococci. Children of the same age group attending clinics in the capital, Maseru, were selected for comparison. Nasopharyngeal cultures of Streptococcus pneumoniae from both groups of children were examined for antibiotic resistance and a questionnaire was used to assess risk factors for the acquisition of resistant strains. Carriage of penicillin- and tetracycline-resistant pneumococci was significantly higher among 196 Maseru children compared with 324 rural children (P < 0.05 and P = 0.01, respectively). Maseru children tended to visit clinics at an earlier age compared with their rural counterparts. The rural children were less exposed to antibiotics (P < 0.01), were less frequently hospitalized (P < 0.001), and rarely attended day care centres (P < 0.001). The very low incidence of antibiotic resistance in rural Lesotho and the higher incidence in Maseru are in stark contrast with the much higher frequencies found in the Republic of South Africa, many European countries, and the USA.</abstract><cop>Genève</cop><pub>Organisation mondiale de la santé</pub><pmid>10191560</pmid><tpages>10</tpages></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0042-9686 |
| ispartof | Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 1998-11, Vol.76 (6), p.641-650 |
| issn | 0042-9686 1564-0604 |
| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; PAIS Index; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Africa Age Analysis. Health state Anti-Bacterial Agents - pharmacology Antibiotics Antibiotics, Antitubercular - pharmacology Antimicrobial agents Biological and medical sciences Child, Preschool Chloramphenicol - pharmacology Chloramphenicol Resistance Clindamycin - pharmacology Cluster Analysis Dams Developing countries Drug resistance Drug resistance in microorganisms Drug Resistance, Microbial Ear diseases Epidemiology Erythromycin - pharmacology General aspects Health aspects Households Humans Infant Infant, Newborn Laboratories LDCs Lesotho Medical research Medical sciences Meningitis Nose - microbiology Penicillin Penicillin Resistance Penicillins - pharmacology Pharynx - microbiology Pneumonia Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Questionnaires Random Allocation Rifampin - pharmacology Risk factors Rural areas Rural Population Streptococcus infections Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae - drug effects Streptococcus pneumoniae - isolation & purification Tetracycline - pharmacology Tetracycline Resistance Tropical medicine Urban Population |
| title | Antibiotic resistance of nasopharyngeal isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae from children in Lesotho |
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