Sustained contractions produced by plateau-like behaviour in human motoneurones
Electrical stimulation over human muscle can generate force directly by activation of motor axons and indirectly by âreflexâ recruitment of spinal motoneurones. These experiments were designed to define the properties of the centrally generated âreflexâ force, including the optimal stimulus...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | The Journal of physiology 2002-01, Vol.538 (1), p.289-301 |
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| creator | Collins, D. F. Burke, D. Gandevia, S. C. |
| description | Electrical stimulation over human muscle can generate force directly by activation of motor axons and indirectly by âreflexâ
recruitment of spinal motoneurones. These experiments were designed to define the properties of the centrally generated âreflexâ
force, including the optimal stimulus conditions for producing it in tibialis anterior (TA) and triceps surae (TS), and its
interaction with volition. Subjects ( n = 21) were seated with their foot strapped to an isometric myograph. Surface EMG was recorded from TS and TA. High-frequency
electrical stimulation (100 Hz) of TS and TA with wide pulse widths (1 ms) was most effective to evoke the sustained centrally
generated forces. The maximal force evoked by this mechanism during stimulation of TA for 40 s was â¼42 % of that produced
by a maximal voluntary contraction. For both muscle groups, ramp increases and decreases in stimulus frequency (from â¼4 to
100 Hz and back to 4 Hz over 6 s) resulted in marked hysteresis in the force-frequency plot. After a single âburstâ of 100
Hz stimulation during prolonged stimulation at 25 Hz, force remained elevated. Repeated bursts often generated progressively
larger force increments. These behaviours were abolished by an anaesthetic nerve block proximal to the stimulation site, confirming
the central origin for the âextraâ force. After a brief voluntary contraction was performed during 25 Hz stimulation, force
remained elevated, and this showed some gradation with voluntary contraction amplitude. Sometimes voluntary contractions alone
initiated the sustained central motor output. Involuntary contractions often persisted for many seconds after electrical stimulation
ceased. These were not terminated by brief inhibitory inputs to the active motoneurones but could be stopped by the voluntary
command to ârelax completelyâ. Overall, these centrally generated contractions are consistent with activation of plateau potentials
in motoneurones innervating the ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Large forces can be produced through this mechanism.
The interaction with volitional drives suggests that plateau behaviour may contribute significantly to the normal output of
human motoneurones. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012825 |
| format | Article |
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recruitment of spinal motoneurones. These experiments were designed to define the properties of the centrally generated âreflexâ
force, including the optimal stimulus conditions for producing it in tibialis anterior (TA) and triceps surae (TS), and its
interaction with volition. Subjects ( n = 21) were seated with their foot strapped to an isometric myograph. Surface EMG was recorded from TS and TA. High-frequency
electrical stimulation (100 Hz) of TS and TA with wide pulse widths (1 ms) was most effective to evoke the sustained centrally
generated forces. The maximal force evoked by this mechanism during stimulation of TA for 40 s was â¼42 % of that produced
by a maximal voluntary contraction. For both muscle groups, ramp increases and decreases in stimulus frequency (from â¼4 to
100 Hz and back to 4 Hz over 6 s) resulted in marked hysteresis in the force-frequency plot. After a single âburstâ of 100
Hz stimulation during prolonged stimulation at 25 Hz, force remained elevated. Repeated bursts often generated progressively
larger force increments. These behaviours were abolished by an anaesthetic nerve block proximal to the stimulation site, confirming
the central origin for the âextraâ force. After a brief voluntary contraction was performed during 25 Hz stimulation, force
remained elevated, and this showed some gradation with voluntary contraction amplitude. Sometimes voluntary contractions alone
initiated the sustained central motor output. Involuntary contractions often persisted for many seconds after electrical stimulation
ceased. These were not terminated by brief inhibitory inputs to the active motoneurones but could be stopped by the voluntary
command to ârelax completelyâ. Overall, these centrally generated contractions are consistent with activation of plateau potentials
in motoneurones innervating the ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Large forces can be produced through this mechanism.
The interaction with volitional drives suggests that plateau behaviour may contribute significantly to the normal output of
human motoneurones.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3751</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7793</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012825</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11773336</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: The Physiological Society</publisher><subject>Adult ; Electric Stimulation - methods ; Electromyography ; Female ; Humans ; Leg ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Motor Neurons - physiology ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Research Papers ; Time Factors</subject><ispartof>The Journal of physiology, 2002-01, Vol.538 (1), p.289-301</ispartof><rights>2002 The Journal of Physiology © 2002 The Physiological Society</rights><rights>The Physiological Society 2002 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4859-219de49606135649dc0e5d8e11219b226f0713876b6af26900c10f83278dc04d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c4859-219de49606135649dc0e5d8e11219b226f0713876b6af26900c10f83278dc04d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2290016/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2290016/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11773336$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Collins, D. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gandevia, S. C.</creatorcontrib><title>Sustained contractions produced by plateau-like behaviour in human motoneurones</title><title>The Journal of physiology</title><addtitle>J Physiol</addtitle><description>Electrical stimulation over human muscle can generate force directly by activation of motor axons and indirectly by âreflexâ
recruitment of spinal motoneurones. These experiments were designed to define the properties of the centrally generated âreflexâ
force, including the optimal stimulus conditions for producing it in tibialis anterior (TA) and triceps surae (TS), and its
interaction with volition. Subjects ( n = 21) were seated with their foot strapped to an isometric myograph. Surface EMG was recorded from TS and TA. High-frequency
electrical stimulation (100 Hz) of TS and TA with wide pulse widths (1 ms) was most effective to evoke the sustained centrally
generated forces. The maximal force evoked by this mechanism during stimulation of TA for 40 s was â¼42 % of that produced
by a maximal voluntary contraction. For both muscle groups, ramp increases and decreases in stimulus frequency (from â¼4 to
100 Hz and back to 4 Hz over 6 s) resulted in marked hysteresis in the force-frequency plot. After a single âburstâ of 100
Hz stimulation during prolonged stimulation at 25 Hz, force remained elevated. Repeated bursts often generated progressively
larger force increments. These behaviours were abolished by an anaesthetic nerve block proximal to the stimulation site, confirming
the central origin for the âextraâ force. After a brief voluntary contraction was performed during 25 Hz stimulation, force
remained elevated, and this showed some gradation with voluntary contraction amplitude. Sometimes voluntary contractions alone
initiated the sustained central motor output. Involuntary contractions often persisted for many seconds after electrical stimulation
ceased. These were not terminated by brief inhibitory inputs to the active motoneurones but could be stopped by the voluntary
command to ârelax completelyâ. Overall, these centrally generated contractions are consistent with activation of plateau potentials
in motoneurones innervating the ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Large forces can be produced through this mechanism.
The interaction with volitional drives suggests that plateau behaviour may contribute significantly to the normal output of
human motoneurones.</description><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Electric Stimulation - methods</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Leg</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Research Papers</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><issn>0022-3751</issn><issn>1469-7793</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkc1u1TAQhS0EopcLb4BQVrDKxWMnjr1BQhXlR5VaibK2HMdpXJI42HGrvH0d5QLtrhuP5PnmzNEchN4CPgAA_XgzdUuwrj8QjOGAgXBSPkM7KJjIq0rQ52iHMSE5rUo4Qa9CuEkcxUK8RCcAVUUpZTt08TOGWdnRNJl24-yVnq0bQzZ510Sdfuslm3o1GxXz3v42WW06dWtd9Jkdsy4OaswGN7vRRJ-e8Bq9aFUfzJtj3aNfZ1-uTr_l5xdfv59-Ps91wUuRExCNKQTDDGjJCtFobMqGG4DUqQlhLa6A8orVTLWECYw14JZTUvGEFg3do0-b7hTrwTTarN57OXk7KL9Ip6x83BltJ6_drSQkiQFLAu-PAt79iSbMcrBBm75Xo3ExyLSeAUt33KNiA7V3IXjT_lsCWK5JyL9JyDUJuSWRxt49NPh_6Hj6BPANuLO9WZ4kKq9-XBK-WvqwjXb2uruz3sgNDk5bMy-ypFyCXMl77d6oIQ</recordid><startdate>20020101</startdate><enddate>20020101</enddate><creator>Collins, D. F.</creator><creator>Burke, D.</creator><creator>Gandevia, S. C.</creator><general>The Physiological Society</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20020101</creationdate><title>Sustained contractions produced by plateau-like behaviour in human motoneurones</title><author>Collins, D. F. ; Burke, D. ; Gandevia, S. C.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c4859-219de49606135649dc0e5d8e11219b226f0713876b6af26900c10f83278dc04d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Electric Stimulation - methods</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Leg</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Research Papers</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Collins, D. F.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Burke, D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gandevia, S. C.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>The Journal of physiology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Collins, D. F.</au><au>Burke, D.</au><au>Gandevia, S. C.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Sustained contractions produced by plateau-like behaviour in human motoneurones</atitle><jtitle>The Journal of physiology</jtitle><addtitle>J Physiol</addtitle><date>2002-01-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>538</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>289</spage><epage>301</epage><pages>289-301</pages><issn>0022-3751</issn><eissn>1469-7793</eissn><abstract>Electrical stimulation over human muscle can generate force directly by activation of motor axons and indirectly by âreflexâ
recruitment of spinal motoneurones. These experiments were designed to define the properties of the centrally generated âreflexâ
force, including the optimal stimulus conditions for producing it in tibialis anterior (TA) and triceps surae (TS), and its
interaction with volition. Subjects ( n = 21) were seated with their foot strapped to an isometric myograph. Surface EMG was recorded from TS and TA. High-frequency
electrical stimulation (100 Hz) of TS and TA with wide pulse widths (1 ms) was most effective to evoke the sustained centrally
generated forces. The maximal force evoked by this mechanism during stimulation of TA for 40 s was â¼42 % of that produced
by a maximal voluntary contraction. For both muscle groups, ramp increases and decreases in stimulus frequency (from â¼4 to
100 Hz and back to 4 Hz over 6 s) resulted in marked hysteresis in the force-frequency plot. After a single âburstâ of 100
Hz stimulation during prolonged stimulation at 25 Hz, force remained elevated. Repeated bursts often generated progressively
larger force increments. These behaviours were abolished by an anaesthetic nerve block proximal to the stimulation site, confirming
the central origin for the âextraâ force. After a brief voluntary contraction was performed during 25 Hz stimulation, force
remained elevated, and this showed some gradation with voluntary contraction amplitude. Sometimes voluntary contractions alone
initiated the sustained central motor output. Involuntary contractions often persisted for many seconds after electrical stimulation
ceased. These were not terminated by brief inhibitory inputs to the active motoneurones but could be stopped by the voluntary
command to ârelax completelyâ. Overall, these centrally generated contractions are consistent with activation of plateau potentials
in motoneurones innervating the ankle dorsiflexors and plantarflexors. Large forces can be produced through this mechanism.
The interaction with volitional drives suggests that plateau behaviour may contribute significantly to the normal output of
human motoneurones.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>The Physiological Society</pub><pmid>11773336</pmid><doi>10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012825</doi><tpages>13</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; IngentaConnect Free/Open Access Journals; Wiley Online Library Journals Frontfile Complete; Wiley Online Library Free Content; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Adult Electric Stimulation - methods Electromyography Female Humans Leg Male Middle Aged Motor Neurons - physiology Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Research Papers Time Factors |
| title | Sustained contractions produced by plateau-like behaviour in human motoneurones |
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