Hemispheric asymmetry of macroscopic and elementary calcium signals mediated by InsP3 in Xenopus oocytes

The mechanisms underlying hemispheric asymmetry of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins P 3 )-calcium signalling pathway in Xenopus oocytes were examined by fluorescence imaging of calcium signals and recording calcium-activated Cl − currents ( I Cl,Ca ) evoked by intracellular calcium injections and photorelease of Ins P 3 . The maximal I Cl,Ca evoked by strong photorelease of Ins P 3 was 8 times greater in the animal than the vegetal hemisphere, but the average threshold amounts of Ins P 3 required to evoke detectable currents were similar in each hemisphere. Currents evoked by injections of calcium were about 2.5 times greater near the animal pole than near the vegetal pole, whereas fluorescence signals evoked by injections were similar in each hemisphere. Calcium waves were evoked by photolysis flashes of similar strengths in both hemispheres of albino oocytes, but peak calcium levels evoked by supramaximal stimuli were 70% greater in the animal hemisphere. Elementary calcium release events (puffs) in the animal hemisphere had amplitudes about double that in the vegetal hemisphere, and more often involved coupled release from adjacent sites. Calcium release sites were more closely packed in the animal hemisphere, with a mean spacing of about 1.5 μm compared with 2.25 μm in the vegetal hemisphere. The larger amplitude of currents mediated by Ins P 3 in the animal hemisphere, therefore, involves an increased flux of calcium at individual release units, a more dense packing of release units and a higher density of Cl − channels.