Quantification of functional knee flexor to extensor moment ratio using isokinetics and electromyography
Evaluating moment balance around the knee helps athletic trainers set appropriate targets for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs. To examine the knee flexor (KF) to knee extensor (KE) moment ratios using the moments when each muscle group acts as an agonist and using the moments when the...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of athletic training 2007-10, Vol.42 (4), p.477-485 |
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| creator | Kellis, Eleftherios Katis, Athanasios |
| description | Evaluating moment balance around the knee helps athletic trainers set appropriate targets for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
To examine the knee flexor (KF) to knee extensor (KE) moment ratios using the moments when each muscle group acts as an agonist and using the moments when the KE acts as an agonist and the KF acts as an antagonist.
Cross-sectional.
University research laboratory.
Seventeen pubertal males (age = 13.7 +/- 0.2 years, height = 1.61 +/- 0.04 m, mass = 51.3 +/- 2.7 kg).
The subjects performed maximal isokinetic concentric KE (KE(CON)) and eccentric KF (KF(ECC)) efforts and performed eccentric KE (KE(ECC)) and concentric KF efforts at 60 degrees /s and 180 degrees /s while we recorded the bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signal of the involved muscles. The KF antagonist moment was estimated from EMG-moment relationships determined during calibration KF efforts. Maximal moments were used to estimate the KF:KE ratios, and EMG-based moments were used to estimate the antagonist to agonist ratios.
We calculated KF:KE ratios for various angular positions, velocities, and movement directions.
The KF(ECC):KE(CON) ratio significantly increased as the knee extended (P < .05) at increased angular velocity (P < .05), reaching a value of 3.14 +/- 1.95 at full extension. The estimated knee flexor antagonist to knee extensor agonist ratio also increased near full extension (0.32 +/- 0.21).
Although the KFs have a higher capacity to produce maximal moment near knee extension and at increased angular velocities, knee joint movement is achieved through a balanced coactivation of the 2 antagonistic muscle groups to maintain joint stability and movement efficiency. The combined use of moment and EMG data can provide additional useful information regarding muscle balance around the knee. |
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To examine the knee flexor (KF) to knee extensor (KE) moment ratios using the moments when each muscle group acts as an agonist and using the moments when the KE acts as an agonist and the KF acts as an antagonist.
Cross-sectional.
University research laboratory.
Seventeen pubertal males (age = 13.7 +/- 0.2 years, height = 1.61 +/- 0.04 m, mass = 51.3 +/- 2.7 kg).
The subjects performed maximal isokinetic concentric KE (KE(CON)) and eccentric KF (KF(ECC)) efforts and performed eccentric KE (KE(ECC)) and concentric KF efforts at 60 degrees /s and 180 degrees /s while we recorded the bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signal of the involved muscles. The KF antagonist moment was estimated from EMG-moment relationships determined during calibration KF efforts. Maximal moments were used to estimate the KF:KE ratios, and EMG-based moments were used to estimate the antagonist to agonist ratios.
We calculated KF:KE ratios for various angular positions, velocities, and movement directions.
The KF(ECC):KE(CON) ratio significantly increased as the knee extended (P < .05) at increased angular velocity (P < .05), reaching a value of 3.14 +/- 1.95 at full extension. The estimated knee flexor antagonist to knee extensor agonist ratio also increased near full extension (0.32 +/- 0.21).
Although the KFs have a higher capacity to produce maximal moment near knee extension and at increased angular velocities, knee joint movement is achieved through a balanced coactivation of the 2 antagonistic muscle groups to maintain joint stability and movement efficiency. The combined use of moment and EMG data can provide additional useful information regarding muscle balance around the knee.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1062-6050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-162X</identifier><identifier>PMID: 18174936</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: National Athletic Trainers Association</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Algorithms ; Analysis of Variance ; Athletic Coaches ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Electromyography ; Humans ; Injuries ; Isometric Contraction - physiology ; Knee ; Knee Joint - physiology ; Ligaments ; Male ; Measurement Techniques ; Muscle Contraction - physiology ; Muscle Strength - physiology ; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology ; Muscular system ; Original Research ; Outcome Measures ; Physical fitness ; Postural Balance - physiology ; Puberty ; Ratios ; Rehabilitation Programs ; Research Methodology ; Scientific Research ; Sports injuries ; Sports medicine</subject><ispartof>Journal of athletic training, 2007-10, Vol.42 (4), p.477-485</ispartof><rights>Copyright National Athletic Trainers Association Oct-Dec 2007</rights><rights>National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc. 2007</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2140073/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2140073/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18174936$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kellis, Eleftherios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katis, Athanasios</creatorcontrib><title>Quantification of functional knee flexor to extensor moment ratio using isokinetics and electromyography</title><title>Journal of athletic training</title><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><description>Evaluating moment balance around the knee helps athletic trainers set appropriate targets for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
To examine the knee flexor (KF) to knee extensor (KE) moment ratios using the moments when each muscle group acts as an agonist and using the moments when the KE acts as an agonist and the KF acts as an antagonist.
Cross-sectional.
University research laboratory.
Seventeen pubertal males (age = 13.7 +/- 0.2 years, height = 1.61 +/- 0.04 m, mass = 51.3 +/- 2.7 kg).
The subjects performed maximal isokinetic concentric KE (KE(CON)) and eccentric KF (KF(ECC)) efforts and performed eccentric KE (KE(ECC)) and concentric KF efforts at 60 degrees /s and 180 degrees /s while we recorded the bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signal of the involved muscles. The KF antagonist moment was estimated from EMG-moment relationships determined during calibration KF efforts. Maximal moments were used to estimate the KF:KE ratios, and EMG-based moments were used to estimate the antagonist to agonist ratios.
We calculated KF:KE ratios for various angular positions, velocities, and movement directions.
The KF(ECC):KE(CON) ratio significantly increased as the knee extended (P < .05) at increased angular velocity (P < .05), reaching a value of 3.14 +/- 1.95 at full extension. The estimated knee flexor antagonist to knee extensor agonist ratio also increased near full extension (0.32 +/- 0.21).
Although the KFs have a higher capacity to produce maximal moment near knee extension and at increased angular velocities, knee joint movement is achieved through a balanced coactivation of the 2 antagonistic muscle groups to maintain joint stability and movement efficiency. The combined use of moment and EMG data can provide additional useful information regarding muscle balance around the knee.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Algorithms</subject><subject>Analysis of Variance</subject><subject>Athletic Coaches</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Electromyography</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Injuries</subject><subject>Isometric Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Knee</subject><subject>Knee Joint - physiology</subject><subject>Ligaments</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measurement Techniques</subject><subject>Muscle Contraction - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle Strength - physiology</subject><subject>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</subject><subject>Muscular system</subject><subject>Original Research</subject><subject>Outcome Measures</subject><subject>Physical fitness</subject><subject>Postural Balance - physiology</subject><subject>Puberty</subject><subject>Ratios</subject><subject>Rehabilitation Programs</subject><subject>Research Methodology</subject><subject>Scientific Research</subject><subject>Sports injuries</subject><subject>Sports medicine</subject><issn>1062-6050</issn><issn>1938-162X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkUtLw0AUhYMotlb_ggwudBWYybySjSDFFxREUHAXJulNO20yE2cm0v57E6yiLnR1D9zvHu7h7EVjktE0JiJ52e81FkksMMej6Mj7FcYk4Zk4jEYkJZJlVIyj5WOnTNCVLlXQ1iBboaoz5aBVjdYGAFU1bKxDwSLYBDC-141twATkhhvUeW0WSHu71gaCLj1SZo6ghjI422ztwql2uT2ODipVezjZzUn0fHP9NL2LZw-399OrWdxSzkJcVgUpGJFQZMAEn-O0YgVOGaO8qHiJ04wkFAMhRLCiVzSBhMmCsbkSwJikk-jyw7ftigbmZf-nU3XeOt0ot82t0vnPjdHLfGHf8oQwjCXtDS52Bs6-duBD3mhfQl0rA7bzuZREpiwTrCfP_yRFhjOZSvkvmGApSMoHx7Nf4Mp2rm9iYITgmEvSQ6ffE35F-yyVvgNeSaDQ</recordid><startdate>20071001</startdate><enddate>20071001</enddate><creator>Kellis, Eleftherios</creator><creator>Katis, Athanasios</creator><general>National Athletic Trainers Association</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88B</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>8A4</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>CJNVE</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0P</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PHGZM</scope><scope>PHGZT</scope><scope>PJZUB</scope><scope>PKEHL</scope><scope>PPXIY</scope><scope>PQEDU</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20071001</creationdate><title>Quantification of functional knee flexor to extensor moment ratio using isokinetics and electromyography</title><author>Kellis, Eleftherios ; Katis, Athanasios</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-p354t-cfb1b417eb9e465d08f4b084435bf5c0891230e11164b23032e247b44da6e4473</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Algorithms</topic><topic>Analysis of Variance</topic><topic>Athletic Coaches</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Electromyography</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Injuries</topic><topic>Isometric Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Knee</topic><topic>Knee Joint - physiology</topic><topic>Ligaments</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measurement Techniques</topic><topic>Muscle Contraction - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle Strength - physiology</topic><topic>Muscle, Skeletal - physiology</topic><topic>Muscular system</topic><topic>Original Research</topic><topic>Outcome Measures</topic><topic>Physical fitness</topic><topic>Postural Balance - physiology</topic><topic>Puberty</topic><topic>Ratios</topic><topic>Rehabilitation Programs</topic><topic>Research Methodology</topic><topic>Scientific Research</topic><topic>Sports injuries</topic><topic>Sports medicine</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kellis, Eleftherios</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Katis, Athanasios</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>eLibrary</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Research Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Middle East (New)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Health & Nursing</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>SIRS Editorial</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kellis, Eleftherios</au><au>Katis, Athanasios</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Quantification of functional knee flexor to extensor moment ratio using isokinetics and electromyography</atitle><jtitle>Journal of athletic training</jtitle><addtitle>J Athl Train</addtitle><date>2007-10-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>42</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>477</spage><epage>485</epage><pages>477-485</pages><issn>1062-6050</issn><eissn>1938-162X</eissn><abstract>Evaluating moment balance around the knee helps athletic trainers set appropriate targets for injury prevention and rehabilitation programs.
To examine the knee flexor (KF) to knee extensor (KE) moment ratios using the moments when each muscle group acts as an agonist and using the moments when the KE acts as an agonist and the KF acts as an antagonist.
Cross-sectional.
University research laboratory.
Seventeen pubertal males (age = 13.7 +/- 0.2 years, height = 1.61 +/- 0.04 m, mass = 51.3 +/- 2.7 kg).
The subjects performed maximal isokinetic concentric KE (KE(CON)) and eccentric KF (KF(ECC)) efforts and performed eccentric KE (KE(ECC)) and concentric KF efforts at 60 degrees /s and 180 degrees /s while we recorded the bipolar surface electromyographic (EMG) signal of the involved muscles. The KF antagonist moment was estimated from EMG-moment relationships determined during calibration KF efforts. Maximal moments were used to estimate the KF:KE ratios, and EMG-based moments were used to estimate the antagonist to agonist ratios.
We calculated KF:KE ratios for various angular positions, velocities, and movement directions.
The KF(ECC):KE(CON) ratio significantly increased as the knee extended (P < .05) at increased angular velocity (P < .05), reaching a value of 3.14 +/- 1.95 at full extension. The estimated knee flexor antagonist to knee extensor agonist ratio also increased near full extension (0.32 +/- 0.21).
Although the KFs have a higher capacity to produce maximal moment near knee extension and at increased angular velocities, knee joint movement is achieved through a balanced coactivation of the 2 antagonistic muscle groups to maintain joint stability and movement efficiency. The combined use of moment and EMG data can provide additional useful information regarding muscle balance around the knee.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>National Athletic Trainers Association</pub><pmid>18174936</pmid><tpages>9</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Journal of athletic training, 2007-10, Vol.42 (4), p.477-485 |
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| subjects | Adolescent Algorithms Analysis of Variance Athletic Coaches Cross-Sectional Studies Electromyography Humans Injuries Isometric Contraction - physiology Knee Knee Joint - physiology Ligaments Male Measurement Techniques Muscle Contraction - physiology Muscle Strength - physiology Muscle, Skeletal - physiology Muscular system Original Research Outcome Measures Physical fitness Postural Balance - physiology Puberty Ratios Rehabilitation Programs Research Methodology Scientific Research Sports injuries Sports medicine |
| title | Quantification of functional knee flexor to extensor moment ratio using isokinetics and electromyography |
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