Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1‐dominated cytokine response

SUMMARY Repeated challenge with antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before establishment of chronic lung infection. To mimic recurrent lung infections in...

Ausführliche Beschreibung

Gespeichert in:
Bibliographische Detailangaben
Veröffentlicht in:Clinical and experimental immunology 2002-02, Vol.127 (2), p.206-213
Hauptverfasser: MOSER, C., JENSEN, P. O., KOBAYASHI, O., HOUGEN, H. P., SONG, Z., RYGAARD, J., KHARAZMI, A., H?BY, N.
Format: Artikel
Sprache:eng
Schlagworte:
Online-Zugang:Volltext
Tags: Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
container_end_page 213
container_issue 2
container_start_page 206
container_title Clinical and experimental immunology
container_volume 127
creator MOSER, C.
JENSEN, P. O.
KOBAYASHI, O.
HOUGEN, H. P.
SONG, Z.
RYGAARD, J.
KHARAZMI, A.
H?BY, N.
description SUMMARY Repeated challenge with antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before establishment of chronic lung infection. To mimic recurrent lung infections in CF patients, the lungs of susceptible BALB/c mice were re‐infected with P. aeruginosa 14 days after the initial infection. Singly‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as non‐infected mice, were used as controls. Decreased mortality and milder lung inflammation in re‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as a tendency for improved clearance of bacteria, was observed when compared with singly‐infected mice. The improved outcome in re‐infected mice correlated with changes in CD4 cell numbers. Surface expression of LFA‐1 on pulmonary CD4 cells was increased in re‐infected compared with singly‐infected mice. Moreover, resistance to re‐infection was paralleled by a shift towards a Th1‐dominated response and increased IL‐12 production. No significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the re‐infected mice. In conclusion, these results indicate a protective role for a Th1‐dominated response, independent of antibody production, in chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in CF.
doi_str_mv 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01731.x
format Article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1906339</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>71530113</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5081-2eda9f60e2a5ed63ad4f423ef82203f3f7523fc4dce7822da51ba54c8cb963f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNksuO0zAUhi0EYsrAKyALCXYJvsROsgAJVQNUGgkW3Vuuc9y6JHaxk5npjg17npEnwZ1WM8AGVr783_l9OT9CmJKSkkq-3paUS1EwVrUlI4SVhNacljcP0OxOeIhmhJC2aHPFGXqS0jYvpZTsMTqjtKllXdEZ-r4YdjFcQYfDNJowAA4Wm00M3hn8OcHUhSF4nbCGOK2dD0njfvJr7LwFM7rgsctiSsE4PWabazdusthNRzG7abzc0J_ffmQn528Zsx_DF-cBR0i74BM8RY-s7hM8O43naPn-Yjn_WFx--rCYv7ssjCANLRh0urWSANMCOsl1V9mKcbANY4RbbmvBuDVVZ6DOW50WdKVFZRqzamXWz9Hbo-1uWg2QKT9G3atddIOOexW0U38q3m3UOlwp2hLJeZsNXp0MYvg6QRrV4JKBvtcewpRUTQUnlPJ_grRhNedEZPDFX-A2TNHnT8iHyjY3sKUZao6QiSGlCPbuypSoQyDUVh36rg59V4dAqNtAqJtc-vz3J98XnhKQgZcnQCejexu1Ny7dc7wWgtMqc2-O3LXrYf_fF1Dzi8Vhxn8Bgn3V8Q</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>196900991</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1‐dominated cytokine response</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current)</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>MOSER, C. ; JENSEN, P. O. ; KOBAYASHI, O. ; HOUGEN, H. P. ; SONG, Z. ; RYGAARD, J. ; KHARAZMI, A. ; H?BY, N.</creator><creatorcontrib>MOSER, C. ; JENSEN, P. O. ; KOBAYASHI, O. ; HOUGEN, H. P. ; SONG, Z. ; RYGAARD, J. ; KHARAZMI, A. ; H?BY, N.</creatorcontrib><description>SUMMARY Repeated challenge with antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before establishment of chronic lung infection. To mimic recurrent lung infections in CF patients, the lungs of susceptible BALB/c mice were re‐infected with P. aeruginosa 14 days after the initial infection. Singly‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as non‐infected mice, were used as controls. Decreased mortality and milder lung inflammation in re‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as a tendency for improved clearance of bacteria, was observed when compared with singly‐infected mice. The improved outcome in re‐infected mice correlated with changes in CD4 cell numbers. Surface expression of LFA‐1 on pulmonary CD4 cells was increased in re‐infected compared with singly‐infected mice. Moreover, resistance to re‐infection was paralleled by a shift towards a Th1‐dominated response and increased IL‐12 production. No significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the re‐infected mice. In conclusion, these results indicate a protective role for a Th1‐dominated response, independent of antibody production, in chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in CF.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0009-9104</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1365-2249</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01731.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 11876741</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CEXIAL</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Agar ; Alginates ; Animal Studies ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bacterial - biosynthesis ; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system ; Biological and medical sciences ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; CD4 Lymphocyte Count ; Chronic Disease ; cytokines ; Cytokines - biosynthesis ; Female ; Glucuronic Acid ; Hexuronic Acids ; Human bacterial diseases ; Immunoglobulin G - biosynthesis ; Immunoglobulin G - blood ; Infectious diseases ; infectious immunity‐bacteria ; Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis ; Interleukin-12 - biosynthesis ; Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis ; lung ; Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 - biosynthesis ; Medical sciences ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred BALB C ; Models, Animal ; Pneumonia, Bacterial - immunology ; Pseudomonas aeruginosa ; Pseudomonas Infections - immunology ; Recurrence ; rodent ; Th1 Cells - immunology ; Th1 Cells - metabolism ; Th1/Th2</subject><ispartof>Clinical and experimental immunology, 2002-02, Vol.127 (2), p.206-213</ispartof><rights>2002 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Blackwell Scientific Publications Ltd. Feb 2002</rights><rights>2002 Blackwell Science Ltd 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5081-2eda9f60e2a5ed63ad4f423ef82203f3f7523fc4dce7822da51ba54c8cb963f3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5081-2eda9f60e2a5ed63ad4f423ef82203f3f7523fc4dce7822da51ba54c8cb963f3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906339/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1906339/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,315,728,781,785,886,27926,27927,53793,53795</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=13755314$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11876741$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>MOSER, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JENSEN, P. O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KOBAYASHI, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HOUGEN, H. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SONG, Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RYGAARD, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KHARAZMI, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>H?BY, N.</creatorcontrib><title>Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1‐dominated cytokine response</title><title>Clinical and experimental immunology</title><addtitle>Clin Exp Immunol</addtitle><description>SUMMARY Repeated challenge with antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before establishment of chronic lung infection. To mimic recurrent lung infections in CF patients, the lungs of susceptible BALB/c mice were re‐infected with P. aeruginosa 14 days after the initial infection. Singly‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as non‐infected mice, were used as controls. Decreased mortality and milder lung inflammation in re‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as a tendency for improved clearance of bacteria, was observed when compared with singly‐infected mice. The improved outcome in re‐infected mice correlated with changes in CD4 cell numbers. Surface expression of LFA‐1 on pulmonary CD4 cells was increased in re‐infected compared with singly‐infected mice. Moreover, resistance to re‐infection was paralleled by a shift towards a Th1‐dominated response and increased IL‐12 production. No significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the re‐infected mice. In conclusion, these results indicate a protective role for a Th1‐dominated response, independent of antibody production, in chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in CF.</description><subject>Agar</subject><subject>Alginates</subject><subject>Animal Studies</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Antibodies, Bacterial - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Antibodies, Bacterial - blood</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</subject><subject>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</subject><subject>Chronic Disease</subject><subject>cytokines</subject><subject>Cytokines - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Glucuronic Acid</subject><subject>Hexuronic Acids</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Immunoglobulin G - blood</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>infectious immunity‐bacteria</subject><subject>Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Interleukin-12 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>lung</subject><subject>Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 - biosynthesis</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mice</subject><subject>Mice, Inbred BALB C</subject><subject>Models, Animal</subject><subject>Pneumonia, Bacterial - immunology</subject><subject>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</subject><subject>Pseudomonas Infections - immunology</subject><subject>Recurrence</subject><subject>rodent</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - immunology</subject><subject>Th1 Cells - metabolism</subject><subject>Th1/Th2</subject><issn>0009-9104</issn><issn>1365-2249</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNksuO0zAUhi0EYsrAKyALCXYJvsROsgAJVQNUGgkW3Vuuc9y6JHaxk5npjg17npEnwZ1WM8AGVr783_l9OT9CmJKSkkq-3paUS1EwVrUlI4SVhNacljcP0OxOeIhmhJC2aHPFGXqS0jYvpZTsMTqjtKllXdEZ-r4YdjFcQYfDNJowAA4Wm00M3hn8OcHUhSF4nbCGOK2dD0njfvJr7LwFM7rgsctiSsE4PWabazdusthNRzG7abzc0J_ffmQn528Zsx_DF-cBR0i74BM8RY-s7hM8O43naPn-Yjn_WFx--rCYv7ssjCANLRh0urWSANMCOsl1V9mKcbANY4RbbmvBuDVVZ6DOW50WdKVFZRqzamXWz9Hbo-1uWg2QKT9G3atddIOOexW0U38q3m3UOlwp2hLJeZsNXp0MYvg6QRrV4JKBvtcewpRUTQUnlPJ_grRhNedEZPDFX-A2TNHnT8iHyjY3sKUZao6QiSGlCPbuypSoQyDUVh36rg59V4dAqNtAqJtc-vz3J98XnhKQgZcnQCejexu1Ny7dc7wWgtMqc2-O3LXrYf_fF1Dzi8Vhxn8Bgn3V8Q</recordid><startdate>200202</startdate><enddate>200202</enddate><creator>MOSER, C.</creator><creator>JENSEN, P. O.</creator><creator>KOBAYASHI, O.</creator><creator>HOUGEN, H. P.</creator><creator>SONG, Z.</creator><creator>RYGAARD, J.</creator><creator>KHARAZMI, A.</creator><creator>H?BY, N.</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell</general><general>Oxford University Press</general><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200202</creationdate><title>Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1‐dominated cytokine response</title><author>MOSER, C. ; JENSEN, P. O. ; KOBAYASHI, O. ; HOUGEN, H. P. ; SONG, Z. ; RYGAARD, J. ; KHARAZMI, A. ; H?BY, N.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5081-2eda9f60e2a5ed63ad4f423ef82203f3f7523fc4dce7822da51ba54c8cb963f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Agar</topic><topic>Alginates</topic><topic>Animal Studies</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Antibodies, Bacterial - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Antibodies, Bacterial - blood</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid</topic><topic>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</topic><topic>Chronic Disease</topic><topic>cytokines</topic><topic>Cytokines - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Glucuronic Acid</topic><topic>Hexuronic Acids</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Immunoglobulin G - blood</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>infectious immunity‐bacteria</topic><topic>Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Interleukin-12 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>lung</topic><topic>Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 - biosynthesis</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Mice</topic><topic>Mice, Inbred BALB C</topic><topic>Models, Animal</topic><topic>Pneumonia, Bacterial - immunology</topic><topic>Pseudomonas aeruginosa</topic><topic>Pseudomonas Infections - immunology</topic><topic>Recurrence</topic><topic>rodent</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - immunology</topic><topic>Th1 Cells - metabolism</topic><topic>Th1/Th2</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>MOSER, C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>JENSEN, P. O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KOBAYASHI, O.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>HOUGEN, H. P.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SONG, Z.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>RYGAARD, J.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>KHARAZMI, A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>H?BY, N.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Clinical and experimental immunology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>MOSER, C.</au><au>JENSEN, P. O.</au><au>KOBAYASHI, O.</au><au>HOUGEN, H. P.</au><au>SONG, Z.</au><au>RYGAARD, J.</au><au>KHARAZMI, A.</au><au>H?BY, N.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1‐dominated cytokine response</atitle><jtitle>Clinical and experimental immunology</jtitle><addtitle>Clin Exp Immunol</addtitle><date>2002-02</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>127</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>206</spage><epage>213</epage><pages>206-213</pages><issn>0009-9104</issn><eissn>1365-2249</eissn><coden>CEXIAL</coden><abstract>SUMMARY Repeated challenge with antigen is involved in the pathogenesis of a variety of pulmonary diseases. Patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) experience recurrent pulmonary colonization with Pseudomonas aeruginosa before establishment of chronic lung infection. To mimic recurrent lung infections in CF patients, the lungs of susceptible BALB/c mice were re‐infected with P. aeruginosa 14 days after the initial infection. Singly‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as non‐infected mice, were used as controls. Decreased mortality and milder lung inflammation in re‐infected BALB/c mice, as well as a tendency for improved clearance of bacteria, was observed when compared with singly‐infected mice. The improved outcome in re‐infected mice correlated with changes in CD4 cell numbers. Surface expression of LFA‐1 on pulmonary CD4 cells was increased in re‐infected compared with singly‐infected mice. Moreover, resistance to re‐infection was paralleled by a shift towards a Th1‐dominated response and increased IL‐12 production. No significant increase in serum IgG was observed in the re‐infected mice. In conclusion, these results indicate a protective role for a Th1‐dominated response, independent of antibody production, in chronic P. aeruginosa lung infection in CF.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>11876741</pmid><doi>10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01731.x</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0009-9104
ispartof Clinical and experimental immunology, 2002-02, Vol.127 (2), p.206-213
issn 0009-9104
1365-2249
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1906339
source MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection
subjects Agar
Alginates
Animal Studies
Animals
Antibodies, Bacterial - biosynthesis
Antibodies, Bacterial - blood
Bacterial diseases
Bacterial diseases of the respiratory system
Biological and medical sciences
Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid
CD4 Lymphocyte Count
Chronic Disease
cytokines
Cytokines - biosynthesis
Female
Glucuronic Acid
Hexuronic Acids
Human bacterial diseases
Immunoglobulin G - biosynthesis
Immunoglobulin G - blood
Infectious diseases
infectious immunity‐bacteria
Interferon-gamma - biosynthesis
Interleukin-12 - biosynthesis
Interleukin-4 - biosynthesis
lung
Lymphocyte Function-Associated Antigen-1 - biosynthesis
Medical sciences
Mice
Mice, Inbred BALB C
Models, Animal
Pneumonia, Bacterial - immunology
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas Infections - immunology
Recurrence
rodent
Th1 Cells - immunology
Th1 Cells - metabolism
Th1/Th2
title Improved outcome of chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection is associated with induction of a Th1‐dominated cytokine response
url https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2024-12-18T09%3A56%3A41IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Improved%20outcome%20of%20chronic%20Pseudomonas%20aeruginosa%20lung%20infection%20is%20associated%20with%20induction%20of%20a%20Th1%E2%80%90dominated%20cytokine%20response&rft.jtitle=Clinical%20and%20experimental%20immunology&rft.au=MOSER,%20C.&rft.date=2002-02&rft.volume=127&rft.issue=2&rft.spage=206&rft.epage=213&rft.pages=206-213&rft.issn=0009-9104&rft.eissn=1365-2249&rft.coden=CEXIAL&rft_id=info:doi/10.1046/j.1365-2249.2002.01731.x&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E71530113%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=196900991&rft_id=info:pmid/11876741&rfr_iscdi=true