Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome
Aim: The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine may cause or result from insulin resistance, and may indicate vascular risk or be actively involved in atherogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between homocystei...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Heart (British Cardiac Society) 2007-02, Vol.93 (2), p.216-220 |
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| creator | Hajer, Gideon R van der Graaf, Yolanda Olijhoek, Jobien K Verhaar, Marianne C Visseren, Frank L J |
| description | Aim: The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine may cause or result from insulin resistance, and may indicate vascular risk or be actively involved in atherogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine, the metabolic syndrome and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with manifest vascular disease. Methods: A cohort of 2169 patients with manifest vascular disease was followed for a mean period of 2.8 years. Plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP criteria. Results: Homocysteine levels were higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome (14.9±0.2 v 14.1±0.2 μmol/l; p = 0.002) and increased with the presence of its components (from 0 to 5) (12.7 to 15.9 μmol/l; p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/hrt.2006.093971 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1861402</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>68921933</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b522t-141388cb663a74d87afacff32032adf458e697f4ca916e07565a433665eda37f3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEoqVw5oYiITggsvVXbOeChFZ8qSu4FMTNmjgO620Sb21nYf8ZPw-HrLoFIXGakeZ5X8_Ib5Y9xmiBMeXnax8XBCG-QBWtBL6TnWLGZUEQ_no39bQsC46oOMkehLBBCLFK8vvZCeZVSSrBTrOfK7MzXchdm69d7_Q-RGMHk4M3uR20NxBMk7q8NxFq11mdh_3QeNebfAvRmiGGvB7jb8HgUg3BaQsxqb7buM5huOWjwTfW7SDosQOfexuuXk7m2g3RQ4h5dEfXSe6Sc1ybf7z-MLvXQhfMo0M9yz6_fXO5fF-sPr37sHy9KuqSkFhghqmUuuacgmCNFNCCbltKECXQtKyUhleiZRoqzA0SJS-BUcp5aRqgoqVn2avZdzvWvWm0mTbt1NbbHvxeObDqz8lg1-qb2yksOWaIJIPnBwPvrkcToupt0KbrYDBuDIrLiuCK0gQ-_QvcuNEP6TiFhUSJY0wk6nymtHcheNPerIKRmjKhUibUlAk1ZyIpnty-4MgfQpCAZwcgfQx0rYdB23DkJCOVJNMlxczZFJIfN3PwV4oLKkr18ctSUUJWF_SSqIvEv5j5ut_8d8tfNtrheg</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1780689447</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><creator>Hajer, Gideon R ; van der Graaf, Yolanda ; Olijhoek, Jobien K ; Verhaar, Marianne C ; Visseren, Frank L J</creator><creatorcontrib>Hajer, Gideon R ; van der Graaf, Yolanda ; Olijhoek, Jobien K ; Verhaar, Marianne C ; Visseren, Frank L J ; SMART Study Group ; for the SMART Study Group</creatorcontrib><description>Aim: The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine may cause or result from insulin resistance, and may indicate vascular risk or be actively involved in atherogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine, the metabolic syndrome and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with manifest vascular disease. Methods: A cohort of 2169 patients with manifest vascular disease was followed for a mean period of 2.8 years. Plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP criteria. Results: Homocysteine levels were higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome (14.9±0.2 v 14.1±0.2 μmol/l; p = 0.002) and increased with the presence of its components (from 0 to 5) (12.7 to 15.9 μmol/l; p<0.001). During follow-up, 52 strokes, 67 myocardial infarctions, 5 fatal ruptures of aortic aneurysms and 53 vascular deaths occurred. Patients without the metabolic syndrome and homocysteine levels in the highest tertile had increased risk for events (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.5) compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome and homocysteine levels in the lowest tertile. The presence of the metabolic syndrome increased the risk (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2), but elevated homocysteine levels further increased the risk only marginally (2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.6). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome patients have elevated homocysteine levels, but these higher levels are not associated with an increased risk for new cardiovascular events. In contrast, elevated homocysteine levels confer increased risk in patients without the metabolic syndrome.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1355-6037</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-201X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/hrt.2006.093971</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16952974</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society</publisher><subject>95% CI ; 95% confidence intervals ; Adult ; Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) ; Biological and medical sciences ; Biomarkers - blood ; Blood and lymphatic vessels ; Cardiology. Vascular system ; Cardiovascular disease ; Cerebrovascular Disorders - blood ; Chelating Agents ; Coronary Disease - blood ; Diabetes, Lipids and Metabolism ; Female ; hazard ratio ; Health risk assessment ; Heart attacks ; homocysteine ; Homocysteine - blood ; Humans ; Insulin resistance ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Metabolic diseases ; Metabolic syndrome ; Metabolic Syndrome - blood ; Methionine ; Middle Aged ; Miscellaneous ; Other metabolic disorders ; Peripheral Vascular Diseases - blood ; Proportional Hazards Models ; Risk Assessment ; standard deviation ; Studies</subject><ispartof>Heart (British Cardiac Society), 2007-02, Vol.93 (2), p.216-220</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2007 by Heart</rights><rights>2007 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2007 Copyright 2007 by Heart</rights><rights>Copyright © 2007 BMJ Publishing Group and British Cardiovascular Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b522t-141388cb663a74d87afacff32032adf458e697f4ca916e07565a433665eda37f3</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://heart.bmj.com/content/93/2/216.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://heart.bmj.com/content/93/2/216.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,723,776,780,881,3183,23550,27901,27902,53766,53768,77343,77374</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18429822$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16952974$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Hajer, Gideon R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Graaf, Yolanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olijhoek, Jobien K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhaar, Marianne C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Visseren, Frank L J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SMART Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the SMART Study Group</creatorcontrib><title>Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome</title><title>Heart (British Cardiac Society)</title><addtitle>Heart</addtitle><description>Aim: The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine may cause or result from insulin resistance, and may indicate vascular risk or be actively involved in atherogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine, the metabolic syndrome and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with manifest vascular disease. Methods: A cohort of 2169 patients with manifest vascular disease was followed for a mean period of 2.8 years. Plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP criteria. Results: Homocysteine levels were higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome (14.9±0.2 v 14.1±0.2 μmol/l; p = 0.002) and increased with the presence of its components (from 0 to 5) (12.7 to 15.9 μmol/l; p<0.001). During follow-up, 52 strokes, 67 myocardial infarctions, 5 fatal ruptures of aortic aneurysms and 53 vascular deaths occurred. Patients without the metabolic syndrome and homocysteine levels in the highest tertile had increased risk for events (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.5) compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome and homocysteine levels in the lowest tertile. The presence of the metabolic syndrome increased the risk (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2), but elevated homocysteine levels further increased the risk only marginally (2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.6). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome patients have elevated homocysteine levels, but these higher levels are not associated with an increased risk for new cardiovascular events. In contrast, elevated homocysteine levels confer increased risk in patients without the metabolic syndrome.</description><subject>95% CI</subject><subject>95% confidence intervals</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Biomarkers - blood</subject><subject>Blood and lymphatic vessels</subject><subject>Cardiology. Vascular system</subject><subject>Cardiovascular disease</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Disorders - blood</subject><subject>Chelating Agents</subject><subject>Coronary Disease - blood</subject><subject>Diabetes, Lipids and Metabolism</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>hazard ratio</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Heart attacks</subject><subject>homocysteine</subject><subject>Homocysteine - blood</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin resistance</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Metabolic diseases</subject><subject>Metabolic syndrome</subject><subject>Metabolic Syndrome - blood</subject><subject>Methionine</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Other metabolic disorders</subject><subject>Peripheral Vascular Diseases - blood</subject><subject>Proportional Hazards Models</subject><subject>Risk Assessment</subject><subject>standard deviation</subject><subject>Studies</subject><issn>1355-6037</issn><issn>1468-201X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2007</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkk1v1DAQhiMEoqVw5oYiITggsvVXbOeChFZ8qSu4FMTNmjgO620Sb21nYf8ZPw-HrLoFIXGakeZ5X8_Ib5Y9xmiBMeXnax8XBCG-QBWtBL6TnWLGZUEQ_no39bQsC46oOMkehLBBCLFK8vvZCeZVSSrBTrOfK7MzXchdm69d7_Q-RGMHk4M3uR20NxBMk7q8NxFq11mdh_3QeNebfAvRmiGGvB7jb8HgUg3BaQsxqb7buM5huOWjwTfW7SDosQOfexuuXk7m2g3RQ4h5dEfXSe6Sc1ybf7z-MLvXQhfMo0M9yz6_fXO5fF-sPr37sHy9KuqSkFhghqmUuuacgmCNFNCCbltKECXQtKyUhleiZRoqzA0SJS-BUcp5aRqgoqVn2avZdzvWvWm0mTbt1NbbHvxeObDqz8lg1-qb2yksOWaIJIPnBwPvrkcToupt0KbrYDBuDIrLiuCK0gQ-_QvcuNEP6TiFhUSJY0wk6nymtHcheNPerIKRmjKhUibUlAk1ZyIpnty-4MgfQpCAZwcgfQx0rYdB23DkJCOVJNMlxczZFJIfN3PwV4oLKkr18ctSUUJWF_SSqIvEv5j5ut_8d8tfNtrheg</recordid><startdate>20070201</startdate><enddate>20070201</enddate><creator>Hajer, Gideon R</creator><creator>van der Graaf, Yolanda</creator><creator>Olijhoek, Jobien K</creator><creator>Verhaar, Marianne C</creator><creator>Visseren, Frank L J</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society</general><general>BMJ</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20070201</creationdate><title>Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome</title><author>Hajer, Gideon R ; van der Graaf, Yolanda ; Olijhoek, Jobien K ; Verhaar, Marianne C ; Visseren, Frank L J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b522t-141388cb663a74d87afacff32032adf458e697f4ca916e07565a433665eda37f3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2007</creationdate><topic>95% CI</topic><topic>95% confidence intervals</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research)</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Biomarkers - blood</topic><topic>Blood and lymphatic vessels</topic><topic>Cardiology. Vascular system</topic><topic>Cardiovascular disease</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Disorders - blood</topic><topic>Chelating Agents</topic><topic>Coronary Disease - blood</topic><topic>Diabetes, Lipids and Metabolism</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>hazard ratio</topic><topic>Health risk assessment</topic><topic>Heart attacks</topic><topic>homocysteine</topic><topic>Homocysteine - blood</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin resistance</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Metabolic diseases</topic><topic>Metabolic syndrome</topic><topic>Metabolic Syndrome - blood</topic><topic>Methionine</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Other metabolic disorders</topic><topic>Peripheral Vascular Diseases - blood</topic><topic>Proportional Hazards Models</topic><topic>Risk Assessment</topic><topic>standard deviation</topic><topic>Studies</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Hajer, Gideon R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Graaf, Yolanda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olijhoek, Jobien K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Verhaar, Marianne C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Visseren, Frank L J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>SMART Study Group</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>for the SMART Study Group</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Heart (British Cardiac Society)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Hajer, Gideon R</au><au>van der Graaf, Yolanda</au><au>Olijhoek, Jobien K</au><au>Verhaar, Marianne C</au><au>Visseren, Frank L J</au><aucorp>SMART Study Group</aucorp><aucorp>for the SMART Study Group</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome</atitle><jtitle>Heart (British Cardiac Society)</jtitle><addtitle>Heart</addtitle><date>2007-02-01</date><risdate>2007</risdate><volume>93</volume><issue>2</issue><spage>216</spage><epage>220</epage><pages>216-220</pages><issn>1355-6037</issn><eissn>1468-201X</eissn><abstract>Aim: The metabolic syndrome is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Elevated plasma homocysteine may cause or result from insulin resistance, and may indicate vascular risk or be actively involved in atherogenesis. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between homocysteine, the metabolic syndrome and the incidence of cardiovascular events in patients with manifest vascular disease. Methods: A cohort of 2169 patients with manifest vascular disease was followed for a mean period of 2.8 years. Plasma homocysteine was measured at baseline. Metabolic syndrome was defined by NCEP criteria. Results: Homocysteine levels were higher in metabolic syndrome patients compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome (14.9±0.2 v 14.1±0.2 μmol/l; p = 0.002) and increased with the presence of its components (from 0 to 5) (12.7 to 15.9 μmol/l; p<0.001). During follow-up, 52 strokes, 67 myocardial infarctions, 5 fatal ruptures of aortic aneurysms and 53 vascular deaths occurred. Patients without the metabolic syndrome and homocysteine levels in the highest tertile had increased risk for events (HR 1.9; 95% CI 1.0 to 3.5) compared to patients without the metabolic syndrome and homocysteine levels in the lowest tertile. The presence of the metabolic syndrome increased the risk (HR 2.2; 95% CI 1.2 to 4.2), but elevated homocysteine levels further increased the risk only marginally (2.5; 95% CI 1.4 to 4.6). Conclusions: Metabolic syndrome patients have elevated homocysteine levels, but these higher levels are not associated with an increased risk for new cardiovascular events. In contrast, elevated homocysteine levels confer increased risk in patients without the metabolic syndrome.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Cardiovascular Society</pub><pmid>16952974</pmid><doi>10.1136/hrt.2006.093971</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | 95% CI 95% confidence intervals Adult Atherosclerosis (general aspects, experimental research) Biological and medical sciences Biomarkers - blood Blood and lymphatic vessels Cardiology. Vascular system Cardiovascular disease Cerebrovascular Disorders - blood Chelating Agents Coronary Disease - blood Diabetes, Lipids and Metabolism Female hazard ratio Health risk assessment Heart attacks homocysteine Homocysteine - blood Humans Insulin resistance Male Medical sciences Metabolic diseases Metabolic syndrome Metabolic Syndrome - blood Methionine Middle Aged Miscellaneous Other metabolic disorders Peripheral Vascular Diseases - blood Proportional Hazards Models Risk Assessment standard deviation Studies |
| title | Levels of homocysteine are increased in metabolic syndrome patients but are not associated with an increased cardiovascular risk, in contrast to patients without the metabolic syndrome |
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