empty pericarp4 Encodes a Mitochondrion-Targeted Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Necessary for Seed Development and Plant Growth in Maize

The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family represents one of the largest gene families in plants, with >440 members annotated in Arabidopsis thaliana. PPR proteins are thought to have a major role in the regulation of posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Recent studies have shown that Arab...

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Veröffentlicht in:The Plant cell 2007-01, Vol.19 (1), p.196-210
Hauptverfasser: Gutiérrez-Marcos, José F, Dal Prà, Mauro, Giulini, Anna, Costa, Liliana M, Gavazzi, Giuseppe, Cordelier, Sylvain, Sellam, Olivier, Tatout, Christophe, Paul, Wyatt, Perez, Pascual, Dickinson, Hugh G, Consonni, Gabriella
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container_end_page 210
container_issue 1
container_start_page 196
container_title The Plant cell
container_volume 19
creator Gutiérrez-Marcos, José F
Dal Prà, Mauro
Giulini, Anna
Costa, Liliana M
Gavazzi, Giuseppe
Cordelier, Sylvain
Sellam, Olivier
Tatout, Christophe
Paul, Wyatt
Perez, Pascual
Dickinson, Hugh G
Consonni, Gabriella
description The pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) family represents one of the largest gene families in plants, with >440 members annotated in Arabidopsis thaliana. PPR proteins are thought to have a major role in the regulation of posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Recent studies have shown that Arabidopsis PPR proteins play an essential, nonredundant role during embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mutations in empty pericarp4 (emp4), a maize (Zea mays) PPR-encoding gene, confer a seed-lethal phenotype. Mutant endosperms are severely impaired, with highly irregular differentiation of transfer cells in the nutrient-importing basal endosperm. Analysis of homozygous mutant plants generated from embryo-rescue experiments indicated that emp4 also affects general plant growth. The emp4-1 mutation was identified in an active Mutator (Mu) population, and cosegregation analysis revealed that it arose from a Mu3 element insertion. Evidence of emp4 molecular cloning was provided by the isolation of four additional emp4 alleles obtained by a reverse genetics approach. emp4 encodes a novel type of PPR protein of 614 amino acids. EMP4 contains nine 35-amino acid PPR motifs and an N-terminal mitochondrion-targeted sequence peptide, which was confirmed by a translational EMP4-green fluorescent protein fusion that localized to mitochondria. Molecular analyses further suggest that EMP4 is necessary to regulate the correct expression of a small subset of mitochondrial transcripts in the endosperm.
doi_str_mv 10.1105/tpc.105.039594
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PPR proteins are thought to have a major role in the regulation of posttranscriptional processes in organelles. Recent studies have shown that Arabidopsis PPR proteins play an essential, nonredundant role during embryogenesis. Here, we demonstrate that mutations in empty pericarp4 (emp4), a maize (Zea mays) PPR-encoding gene, confer a seed-lethal phenotype. Mutant endosperms are severely impaired, with highly irregular differentiation of transfer cells in the nutrient-importing basal endosperm. Analysis of homozygous mutant plants generated from embryo-rescue experiments indicated that emp4 also affects general plant growth. The emp4-1 mutation was identified in an active Mutator (Mu) population, and cosegregation analysis revealed that it arose from a Mu3 element insertion. Evidence of emp4 molecular cloning was provided by the isolation of four additional emp4 alleles obtained by a reverse genetics approach. emp4 encodes a novel type of PPR protein of 614 amino acids. 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EMP4 contains nine 35-amino acid PPR motifs and an N-terminal mitochondrion-targeted sequence peptide, which was confirmed by a translational EMP4-green fluorescent protein fusion that localized to mitochondria. Molecular analyses further suggest that EMP4 is necessary to regulate the correct expression of a small subset of mitochondrial transcripts in the endosperm.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>American Society of Plant Biologists</pub><pmid>17259266</pmid><doi>10.1105/tpc.105.039594</doi><tpages>15</tpages><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3118-2762</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5215-2338</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Amino Acid Motifs
Amino acids
Arabidopsis thaliana
Cloning
Cloning, Molecular
Corn
DNA
Embryonic growth stage
Embryos
Endosperm
Genetic mutation
Genetics
Green Fluorescent Proteins - analysis
Life Sciences
Mitochondria
Mitochondria - metabolism
Mitochondrial Proteins - genetics
Mitochondrial Proteins - metabolism
Molecular Sequence Data
Multigene Family - physiology
Mutation
Phenotype
Plant cells
Plant growth
Plant Proteins - chemistry
Plant Proteins - genetics
Plant Proteins - physiology
Plants
Plants genetics
Proteins
Recombinant Fusion Proteins - analysis
RNA
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Seeds - anatomy & histology
Seeds - growth & development
Seeds - metabolism
Sequence Alignment
Zea mays
Zea mays - genetics
Zea mays - growth & development
Zea mays - metabolism
title empty pericarp4 Encodes a Mitochondrion-Targeted Pentatricopeptide Repeat Protein Necessary for Seed Development and Plant Growth in Maize
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