Mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales: variations by mother's country of birth
Stillbirth and infant mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1981-5 was investigated according to the mother's country of birth. Significant differences remained after standardising for maternal age and social class. The highest overall mortality was in infants of m...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Archives of disease in childhood 1989-10, Vol.64 (10), p.1457-1462 |
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| description | Stillbirth and infant mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1981-5 was investigated according to the mother's country of birth. Significant differences remained after standardising for maternal age and social class. The highest overall mortality was in infants of mothers born in Pakistan (standardised mortality ratio 237), followed by infants of mothers born in India (standardised mortality ratio 134), East Africa (standardised mortality ratio 126), and Bangladesh (standardised mortality ratio 118). Caribbean and West African mothers showed an overall deficit. Mortality was inversely related to social class in all groups except the Afro-Caribbean. Infants of mothers born in Pakistan had the highest mortality in every social class except I, and for most anomalies investigated. Their ratios were particularly high for limb and musculoskeletal anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 362), genitourinary anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 268), and central nervous system anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 239). Our findings highlight the need for further research to identify the causes underlying these differences. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/adc.64.10.1457 |
| format | Article |
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Significant differences remained after standardising for maternal age and social class. The highest overall mortality was in infants of mothers born in Pakistan (standardised mortality ratio 237), followed by infants of mothers born in India (standardised mortality ratio 134), East Africa (standardised mortality ratio 126), and Bangladesh (standardised mortality ratio 118). Caribbean and West African mothers showed an overall deficit. Mortality was inversely related to social class in all groups except the Afro-Caribbean. Infants of mothers born in Pakistan had the highest mortality in every social class except I, and for most anomalies investigated. Their ratios were particularly high for limb and musculoskeletal anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 362), genitourinary anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 268), and central nervous system anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 239). Our findings highlight the need for further research to identify the causes underlying these differences.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0003-9888</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-2044</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/adc.64.10.1457</identifier><identifier>PMID: 2817931</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ADCHAK</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health</publisher><subject>Africa - ethnology ; Anatomy ; Asia - ethnology ; Attrition (Research Studies) ; Birth defects ; Central nervous system ; Central Nervous System - abnormalities ; Childbirth ; Congenital Abnormalities - ethnology ; Congenital Abnormalities - mortality ; Congenital defects ; Delivery (Childbirth) ; England - epidemiology ; Female ; Fetal Death - ethnology ; Genetic aspects ; Humans ; Infant mortality ; Infant, Newborn ; Infants ; Mortality ; Mothers ; Patient outcomes ; Pregnancy ; Social Class ; Social classes ; United Kingdom ; Wales ; Wales - epidemiology ; West Indies - ethnology ; Young Children</subject><ispartof>Archives of disease in childhood, 1989-10, Vol.64 (10), p.1457-1462</ispartof><rights>Copyright BMJ Publishing Group LTD Oct 1989</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b4377-b8786ddaa34d0701de0c7482072e3a42236f5b00e1b86c1e6e88a209e7eda18d3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b4377-b8786ddaa34d0701de0c7482072e3a42236f5b00e1b86c1e6e88a209e7eda18d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792797/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1792797/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,724,777,781,882,27905,27906,53772,53774</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/2817931$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Balarajan, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soni Raleigh, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Botting, B</creatorcontrib><title>Mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales: variations by mother's country of birth</title><title>Archives of disease in childhood</title><addtitle>Arch Dis Child</addtitle><description>Stillbirth and infant mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1981-5 was investigated according to the mother's country of birth. Significant differences remained after standardising for maternal age and social class. The highest overall mortality was in infants of mothers born in Pakistan (standardised mortality ratio 237), followed by infants of mothers born in India (standardised mortality ratio 134), East Africa (standardised mortality ratio 126), and Bangladesh (standardised mortality ratio 118). Caribbean and West African mothers showed an overall deficit. Mortality was inversely related to social class in all groups except the Afro-Caribbean. Infants of mothers born in Pakistan had the highest mortality in every social class except I, and for most anomalies investigated. Their ratios were particularly high for limb and musculoskeletal anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 362), genitourinary anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 268), and central nervous system anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 239). Our findings highlight the need for further research to identify the causes underlying these differences.</description><subject>Africa - ethnology</subject><subject>Anatomy</subject><subject>Asia - ethnology</subject><subject>Attrition (Research Studies)</subject><subject>Birth defects</subject><subject>Central nervous system</subject><subject>Central Nervous System - abnormalities</subject><subject>Childbirth</subject><subject>Congenital Abnormalities - ethnology</subject><subject>Congenital Abnormalities - mortality</subject><subject>Congenital defects</subject><subject>Delivery (Childbirth)</subject><subject>England - epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Fetal Death - ethnology</subject><subject>Genetic aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infant mortality</subject><subject>Infant, Newborn</subject><subject>Infants</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Mothers</subject><subject>Patient outcomes</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Social Class</subject><subject>Social classes</subject><subject>United Kingdom</subject><subject>Wales</subject><subject>Wales - 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ethnology</topic><topic>Anatomy</topic><topic>Asia - ethnology</topic><topic>Attrition (Research Studies)</topic><topic>Birth defects</topic><topic>Central nervous system</topic><topic>Central Nervous System - abnormalities</topic><topic>Childbirth</topic><topic>Congenital Abnormalities - ethnology</topic><topic>Congenital Abnormalities - mortality</topic><topic>Congenital defects</topic><topic>Delivery (Childbirth)</topic><topic>England - epidemiology</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Fetal Death - ethnology</topic><topic>Genetic aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infant mortality</topic><topic>Infant, Newborn</topic><topic>Infants</topic><topic>Mortality</topic><topic>Mothers</topic><topic>Patient outcomes</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Social Class</topic><topic>Social classes</topic><topic>United Kingdom</topic><topic>Wales</topic><topic>Wales - epidemiology</topic><topic>West Indies - ethnology</topic><topic>Young Children</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Balarajan, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Soni Raleigh, V</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Botting, B</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Social Sciences Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Education Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Education Periodicals</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Social Science Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Education Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Education Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Education</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Archives of disease in childhood</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Balarajan, R</au><au>Soni Raleigh, V</au><au>Botting, B</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales: variations by mother's country of birth</atitle><jtitle>Archives of disease in childhood</jtitle><addtitle>Arch Dis Child</addtitle><date>1989-10-01</date><risdate>1989</risdate><volume>64</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1457</spage><epage>1462</epage><pages>1457-1462</pages><issn>0003-9888</issn><eissn>1468-2044</eissn><coden>ADCHAK</coden><abstract>Stillbirth and infant mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales during 1981-5 was investigated according to the mother's country of birth. Significant differences remained after standardising for maternal age and social class. The highest overall mortality was in infants of mothers born in Pakistan (standardised mortality ratio 237), followed by infants of mothers born in India (standardised mortality ratio 134), East Africa (standardised mortality ratio 126), and Bangladesh (standardised mortality ratio 118). Caribbean and West African mothers showed an overall deficit. Mortality was inversely related to social class in all groups except the Afro-Caribbean. Infants of mothers born in Pakistan had the highest mortality in every social class except I, and for most anomalies investigated. Their ratios were particularly high for limb and musculoskeletal anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 362), genitourinary anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 268), and central nervous system anomalies (standardised mortality ratio 239). Our findings highlight the need for further research to identify the causes underlying these differences.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and Royal College of Paediatrics and Child Health</pub><pmid>2817931</pmid><doi>10.1136/adc.64.10.1457</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Archives of disease in childhood, 1989-10, Vol.64 (10), p.1457-1462 |
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| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Africa - ethnology Anatomy Asia - ethnology Attrition (Research Studies) Birth defects Central nervous system Central Nervous System - abnormalities Childbirth Congenital Abnormalities - ethnology Congenital Abnormalities - mortality Congenital defects Delivery (Childbirth) England - epidemiology Female Fetal Death - ethnology Genetic aspects Humans Infant mortality Infant, Newborn Infants Mortality Mothers Patient outcomes Pregnancy Social Class Social classes United Kingdom Wales Wales - epidemiology West Indies - ethnology Young Children |
| title | Mortality from congenital malformations in England and Wales: variations by mother's country of birth |
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