Smoking and financial stress
Aim: Stress relief is commonly provided as a reason for smoking. However, it is plausible that the cost of smoking may create financial stress, particularly among the poor. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking and financial stress. Design: Cross sectional survey of ho...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tobacco control 2003-03, Vol.12 (1), p.60-66 |
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| creator | Siahpush, M Borland, R Scollo, M |
| description | Aim: Stress relief is commonly provided as a reason for smoking. However, it is plausible that the cost of smoking may create financial stress, particularly among the poor. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking and financial stress. Design: Cross sectional survey of households from private dwellings conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), using a stratified multistage area sample design. Setting: Australia, 1998–99. Participants: Nationally representative sample of households (n = 6892). Main outcome measures: The outcome measures of objective financial stress were two dichotomous variables indicating whether the household had experienced any financial stress or severe financial stress in the past 12 months. Results: The odds of experiencing any financial stress were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.7) times greater, and the odds of severe financial stress were twice (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) as large for smoking households than non-smoking households. The effect of smoking on financial stress did not vary significantly across categories of income. Among smoking households, higher percentage of total household expenditure on tobacco was significantly related to financial stress. Conclusions: Given data were cross sectional, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the causal relationship between smoking and financial stress. It is likely that they both affect each other. Undoubtedly, expenditure on tobacco will reduce available funds that could otherwise be used to ameliorate financial stress. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/tc.12.1.60 |
| format | Article |
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However, it is plausible that the cost of smoking may create financial stress, particularly among the poor. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking and financial stress. Design: Cross sectional survey of households from private dwellings conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), using a stratified multistage area sample design. Setting: Australia, 1998–99. Participants: Nationally representative sample of households (n = 6892). Main outcome measures: The outcome measures of objective financial stress were two dichotomous variables indicating whether the household had experienced any financial stress or severe financial stress in the past 12 months. Results: The odds of experiencing any financial stress were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.7) times greater, and the odds of severe financial stress were twice (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) as large for smoking households than non-smoking households. The effect of smoking on financial stress did not vary significantly across categories of income. Among smoking households, higher percentage of total household expenditure on tobacco was significantly related to financial stress. Conclusions: Given data were cross sectional, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the causal relationship between smoking and financial stress. It is likely that they both affect each other. Undoubtedly, expenditure on tobacco will reduce available funds that could otherwise be used to ameliorate financial stress.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0964-4563</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3318</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/tc.12.1.60</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12612364</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>ABS ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Anti smoking movements ; Australia ; Australia - epidemiology ; Australian Bureau of Statistics ; Causes of ; Cigarette smoking ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Economic aspects ; Expenditures ; Families & family life ; Family income ; Female ; financial stress ; Food ; Health aspects ; Household income ; Households ; Humans ; Income - statistics & numerical data ; index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage ; IRSD ; Low income ; Low income groups ; Male ; Manual labor ; Meals ; Middle Aged ; Odds Ratio ; OECD ; Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development ; Poverty - psychology ; Professionals ; Research Paper ; Risk Factors ; SES ; Smoking ; Smoking - adverse effects ; Smoking - economics ; Smoking cessation ; Socioeconomic Factors ; Socioeconomic status ; Socioeconomics ; Stress ; Stress (Psychology) ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological - etiology ; Studies ; Tobacco ; Tobacco smoking ; Unemployment</subject><ispartof>Tobacco control, 2003-03, Vol.12 (1), p.60-66</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2003 Tobacco Control</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT © 2003 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2003 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright: 2003 Copyright 2003 Tobacco Control</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b660t-f26f8ac74373e2548fa7d4cafcb26f2e0bffbaea94772b4385a9076e578f47833</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b660t-f26f8ac74373e2548fa7d4cafcb26f2e0bffbaea94772b4385a9076e578f47833</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20747619$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/20747619$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,799,881,27903,27904,53769,53771,57995,58228</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12612364$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Siahpush, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borland, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scollo, M</creatorcontrib><title>Smoking and financial stress</title><title>Tobacco control</title><addtitle>Tob Control</addtitle><description>Aim: Stress relief is commonly provided as a reason for smoking. However, it is plausible that the cost of smoking may create financial stress, particularly among the poor. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking and financial stress. Design: Cross sectional survey of households from private dwellings conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), using a stratified multistage area sample design. Setting: Australia, 1998–99. Participants: Nationally representative sample of households (n = 6892). Main outcome measures: The outcome measures of objective financial stress were two dichotomous variables indicating whether the household had experienced any financial stress or severe financial stress in the past 12 months. Results: The odds of experiencing any financial stress were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.7) times greater, and the odds of severe financial stress were twice (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) as large for smoking households than non-smoking households. The effect of smoking on financial stress did not vary significantly across categories of income. Among smoking households, higher percentage of total household expenditure on tobacco was significantly related to financial stress. Conclusions: Given data were cross sectional, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the causal relationship between smoking and financial stress. It is likely that they both affect each other. Undoubtedly, expenditure on tobacco will reduce available funds that could otherwise be used to ameliorate financial stress.</description><subject>ABS</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Anti smoking movements</subject><subject>Australia</subject><subject>Australia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Australian Bureau of Statistics</subject><subject>Causes of</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Cross-Sectional Studies</subject><subject>Economic aspects</subject><subject>Expenditures</subject><subject>Families & family life</subject><subject>Family income</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>financial stress</subject><subject>Food</subject><subject>Health aspects</subject><subject>Household income</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage</subject><subject>IRSD</subject><subject>Low income</subject><subject>Low income groups</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Manual labor</subject><subject>Meals</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Odds Ratio</subject><subject>OECD</subject><subject>Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development</subject><subject>Poverty - psychology</subject><subject>Professionals</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>SES</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Smoking - adverse effects</subject><subject>Smoking - economics</subject><subject>Smoking cessation</subject><subject>Socioeconomic Factors</subject><subject>Socioeconomic status</subject><subject>Socioeconomics</subject><subject>Stress</subject><subject>Stress (Psychology)</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - etiology</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Tobacco smoking</subject><subject>Unemployment</subject><issn>0964-4563</issn><issn>1468-3318</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp90s-LEzEUB_AgiltXL55ViqIHcWreJJMfF2Et_qSswupeQyZNarozyZpMRf97U6bUKkXmEJj34ZuXlyB0H_AMgLCXg5lBPYMZwzfQBCgTFSEgbqIJloxWtGHkBN3JeY0xEN7AbXQCNYOaMDpBDy76eOXDaqrDcup80MF43U3zkGzOd9Etp7ts7-3WU_T17Zsv8_fV4tO7D_OzRdUyhofK1cwJbTglnNi6ocJpvqRGO9OWSm1x61yrrZaU87qlRDRaYs5sw4WjXBByil6NudebtrdLY8OQdKeuk-91-qWi9urvSvDf1Cr-UMAbiQWUgGe7gBS_b2weVO-zsV2ng42brDjBjSSEFfjkH7iOmxTK4UqWACEwZk1Rj0e10p1VPrhYdjXbSHUmhQSJsSzoxRG0ssGWDmOwzpffh7w6wsu3tL03x_zz0ZsUc07W7ccBWG2vXQ1GQa1AMVzwo8MB_qG7ey7g4QjWeYhpX68xp5zBQXc-D_bnvq7TlWK8PBp1fjlXF68_w-L88qPaDvzp6Nt-_b_GfgPhE8n2</recordid><startdate>200303</startdate><enddate>200303</enddate><creator>Siahpush, M</creator><creator>Borland, R</creator><creator>Scollo, M</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>883</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0F</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200303</creationdate><title>Smoking and financial stress</title><author>Siahpush, M ; Borland, R ; Scollo, M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b660t-f26f8ac74373e2548fa7d4cafcb26f2e0bffbaea94772b4385a9076e578f47833</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>ABS</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Anti smoking movements</topic><topic>Australia</topic><topic>Australia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Australian Bureau of Statistics</topic><topic>Causes of</topic><topic>Cigarette smoking</topic><topic>Cross-Sectional Studies</topic><topic>Economic aspects</topic><topic>Expenditures</topic><topic>Families & family life</topic><topic>Family income</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>financial stress</topic><topic>Food</topic><topic>Health aspects</topic><topic>Household income</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Income - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage</topic><topic>IRSD</topic><topic>Low income</topic><topic>Low income groups</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Manual labor</topic><topic>Meals</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Odds Ratio</topic><topic>OECD</topic><topic>Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development</topic><topic>Poverty - psychology</topic><topic>Professionals</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>SES</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Smoking - adverse effects</topic><topic>Smoking - economics</topic><topic>Smoking cessation</topic><topic>Socioeconomic Factors</topic><topic>Socioeconomic status</topic><topic>Socioeconomics</topic><topic>Stress</topic><topic>Stress (Psychology)</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - etiology</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Tobacco smoking</topic><topic>Unemployment</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Siahpush, M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Borland, R</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Scollo, M</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Tobacco control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Siahpush, M</au><au>Borland, R</au><au>Scollo, M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Smoking and financial stress</atitle><jtitle>Tobacco control</jtitle><addtitle>Tob Control</addtitle><date>2003-03</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>12</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>60</spage><epage>66</epage><pages>60-66</pages><issn>0964-4563</issn><eissn>1468-3318</eissn><abstract>Aim: Stress relief is commonly provided as a reason for smoking. However, it is plausible that the cost of smoking may create financial stress, particularly among the poor. The aim of the study was to examine the relationship between smoking and financial stress. Design: Cross sectional survey of households from private dwellings conducted by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS), using a stratified multistage area sample design. Setting: Australia, 1998–99. Participants: Nationally representative sample of households (n = 6892). Main outcome measures: The outcome measures of objective financial stress were two dichotomous variables indicating whether the household had experienced any financial stress or severe financial stress in the past 12 months. Results: The odds of experiencing any financial stress were 1.5 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3 to 1.7) times greater, and the odds of severe financial stress were twice (95% CI 1.6 to 2.5) as large for smoking households than non-smoking households. The effect of smoking on financial stress did not vary significantly across categories of income. Among smoking households, higher percentage of total household expenditure on tobacco was significantly related to financial stress. Conclusions: Given data were cross sectional, firm conclusions cannot be drawn about the causal relationship between smoking and financial stress. It is likely that they both affect each other. Undoubtedly, expenditure on tobacco will reduce available funds that could otherwise be used to ameliorate financial stress.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>12612364</pmid><doi>10.1136/tc.12.1.60</doi><tpages>7</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | ABS Adolescent Adult Aged Anti smoking movements Australia Australia - epidemiology Australian Bureau of Statistics Causes of Cigarette smoking Cross-Sectional Studies Economic aspects Expenditures Families & family life Family income Female financial stress Food Health aspects Household income Households Humans Income - statistics & numerical data index of relative socioeconomic disadvantage IRSD Low income Low income groups Male Manual labor Meals Middle Aged Odds Ratio OECD Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Poverty - psychology Professionals Research Paper Risk Factors SES Smoking Smoking - adverse effects Smoking - economics Smoking cessation Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomic status Socioeconomics Stress Stress (Psychology) Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Stress, Psychological - etiology Studies Tobacco Tobacco smoking Unemployment |
| title | Smoking and financial stress |
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