The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes
Objective: To estimate the effect on cigarette sales rates when minors present identification (ID). Design: Controlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or a...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Tobacco control 2002-12, Vol.11 (4), p.296-299 |
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| creator | Levinson, A H Hendershott, S Byers, T E |
| description | Objective: To estimate the effect on cigarette sales rates when minors present identification (ID). Design: Controlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or admit having no ID if the clerk requested proof of age. Setting: Census of retail stores in six urban and suburban Colorado counties. Subjects: Retail cigarette clerks, uninformed of the study. Main outcome measures: Relative risk (RR) of cigarette sale to a minor when ID was requested and presented versus requested but not presented. Results: When clerks requested ID, sales were more than six times as frequent if minors presented ID than if they did not (12.2% v 2.0%, RR 6.2, p < 0.0001). The relative risk remained substantially unchanged under adjustment for demographic and circumstantial covariates. Conclusions: Presentation of photo ID in compliance checks increases illegal cigarette sales to minors. The impact may vary among states or locales and depends strongly on how often clerks request proof of age. Clerk training and responsible cigarette sales practices should include age calculations from photo ID. Programmes relying on investigative purchase attempts to estimate actual rates of cigarette sales to minors should ascertain and replicate local ID presenting behaviours that minors typically use during genuine attempts to buy cigarettes. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/tc.11.4.296 |
| format | Article |
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Design: Controlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or admit having no ID if the clerk requested proof of age. Setting: Census of retail stores in six urban and suburban Colorado counties. Subjects: Retail cigarette clerks, uninformed of the study. Main outcome measures: Relative risk (RR) of cigarette sale to a minor when ID was requested and presented versus requested but not presented. Results: When clerks requested ID, sales were more than six times as frequent if minors presented ID than if they did not (12.2% v 2.0%, RR 6.2, p < 0.0001). The relative risk remained substantially unchanged under adjustment for demographic and circumstantial covariates. Conclusions: Presentation of photo ID in compliance checks increases illegal cigarette sales to minors. The impact may vary among states or locales and depends strongly on how often clerks request proof of age. Clerk training and responsible cigarette sales practices should include age calculations from photo ID. Programmes relying on investigative purchase attempts to estimate actual rates of cigarette sales to minors should ascertain and replicate local ID presenting behaviours that minors typically use during genuine attempts to buy cigarettes.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0964-4563</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3318</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/tc.11.4.296</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12432154</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; adolescent behaviour ; Age ; Behavior ; Cigarette smoking ; Cigarettes ; Colorado ; Commerce ; Compliance ; compliance checks ; Conditional sales ; Demography ; Enforcement ; Estimates ; Ethnicity ; Female ; Females ; Finance ; Humans ; Interpersonal Relations ; Male ; Males ; Merchants ; Minors ; Multiculturalism & pluralism ; Public health ; Records ; Regression analysis ; Research Paper ; Retail stores ; Sales presentations ; Self service ; Smoking - economics ; Smoking and youth ; Studies ; Suburban Health ; Tobacco ; Truth Disclosure ; Urban Health ; youth access</subject><ispartof>Tobacco control, 2002-12, Vol.11 (4), p.296-299</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2002 Tobacco Control</rights><rights>Copyright 2002 BMJ Publishing Group</rights><rights>COPYRIGHT 2002 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright: 2002 Copyright 2002 Tobacco Control</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b598t-4c277954d9ec8da9690e65d4f399d8b827505343ba6b9d9962380b0b6de389a53</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-b598t-4c277954d9ec8da9690e65d4f399d8b827505343ba6b9d9962380b0b6de389a53</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/20208086$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/20208086$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,803,885,27922,27923,53789,53791,58015,58248</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12432154$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Levinson, A H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendershott, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byers, T E</creatorcontrib><title>The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes</title><title>Tobacco control</title><addtitle>Tob Control</addtitle><description>Objective: To estimate the effect on cigarette sales rates when minors present identification (ID). Design: Controlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or admit having no ID if the clerk requested proof of age. Setting: Census of retail stores in six urban and suburban Colorado counties. Subjects: Retail cigarette clerks, uninformed of the study. Main outcome measures: Relative risk (RR) of cigarette sale to a minor when ID was requested and presented versus requested but not presented. Results: When clerks requested ID, sales were more than six times as frequent if minors presented ID than if they did not (12.2% v 2.0%, RR 6.2, p < 0.0001). The relative risk remained substantially unchanged under adjustment for demographic and circumstantial covariates. Conclusions: Presentation of photo ID in compliance checks increases illegal cigarette sales to minors. The impact may vary among states or locales and depends strongly on how often clerks request proof of age. Clerk training and responsible cigarette sales practices should include age calculations from photo ID. Programmes relying on investigative purchase attempts to estimate actual rates of cigarette sales to minors should ascertain and replicate local ID presenting behaviours that minors typically use during genuine attempts to buy cigarettes.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>adolescent behaviour</subject><subject>Age</subject><subject>Behavior</subject><subject>Cigarette smoking</subject><subject>Cigarettes</subject><subject>Colorado</subject><subject>Commerce</subject><subject>Compliance</subject><subject>compliance checks</subject><subject>Conditional sales</subject><subject>Demography</subject><subject>Enforcement</subject><subject>Estimates</subject><subject>Ethnicity</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Females</subject><subject>Finance</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relations</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Males</subject><subject>Merchants</subject><subject>Minors</subject><subject>Multiculturalism & pluralism</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Records</subject><subject>Regression analysis</subject><subject>Research Paper</subject><subject>Retail stores</subject><subject>Sales presentations</subject><subject>Self service</subject><subject>Smoking - economics</subject><subject>Smoking and youth</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Suburban Health</subject><subject>Tobacco</subject><subject>Truth Disclosure</subject><subject>Urban Health</subject><subject>youth access</subject><issn>0964-4563</issn><issn>1468-3318</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><recordid>eNp9ks1v0zAYxi0EYmVw4gyKQOIyUuz4-4I0dQwmBlwG7GY5zps2pYmH7SD23-OqVVdQhXx4JL8_Pe8nQk8JnhJCxZvksk7ZtNLiHpoQJlRJKVH30QRrwUrGBT1Cj2JcYkyo5OQhOiIVoxXhbIJOrhZQXJwV0LbgUuGH4taPaVFY5yDGIvnCdXMbICWIj9GD1q4iPNnqMfp6_u5q9qG8_PL-YnZ6WdZcq1QyV0mpOWs0ONVYLTQGwRvWUq0bVatKcswpo7UVtW60FhVVuMa1aIAqbTk9Rm83vjdj3UPjYEjBrsxN6Hobbo23nfk7MnQLM_e_DJFMClllg1dbg-B_jhCT6bvoYLWyA_gxGlkJKbFcZ3r5D7j0Yxhyc9lLEaVwlky92FBzuwLTDa3PWd3a0pzmPjXmUmTo9QFoDgPkCv0AbZe_9_HyAJ5fA33nDvEnG94FH2OAdjcOgs36DExyWQ0z-Qwy_Xx_gnfsdu8ZeLYBljH5sItXuMIKq73yupjg9y5uww8jZD4i8_nbzHz_eH1-LT-dGXU38bpf_reyP5z8zq0</recordid><startdate>20021201</startdate><enddate>20021201</enddate><creator>Levinson, A H</creator><creator>Hendershott, S</creator><creator>Byers, T E</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7X2</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>883</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0F</scope><scope>M0K</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021201</creationdate><title>The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes</title><author>Levinson, A H ; Hendershott, S ; Byers, T E</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b598t-4c277954d9ec8da9690e65d4f399d8b827505343ba6b9d9962380b0b6de389a53</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>adolescent behaviour</topic><topic>Age</topic><topic>Behavior</topic><topic>Cigarette smoking</topic><topic>Cigarettes</topic><topic>Colorado</topic><topic>Commerce</topic><topic>Compliance</topic><topic>compliance checks</topic><topic>Conditional sales</topic><topic>Demography</topic><topic>Enforcement</topic><topic>Estimates</topic><topic>Ethnicity</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Females</topic><topic>Finance</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relations</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Males</topic><topic>Merchants</topic><topic>Minors</topic><topic>Multiculturalism & pluralism</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Records</topic><topic>Regression analysis</topic><topic>Research Paper</topic><topic>Retail stores</topic><topic>Sales presentations</topic><topic>Self service</topic><topic>Smoking - economics</topic><topic>Smoking and youth</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Suburban Health</topic><topic>Tobacco</topic><topic>Truth Disclosure</topic><topic>Urban Health</topic><topic>youth access</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Levinson, A H</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hendershott, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Byers, T E</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Collection</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Sustainability</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>Agricultural & Environmental Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Business Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Business Collection</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ABI/INFORM Trade & Industry</collection><collection>Agricultural Science Database</collection><collection>Consumer Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>One Business (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Business (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Tobacco control</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Levinson, A H</au><au>Hendershott, S</au><au>Byers, T E</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes</atitle><jtitle>Tobacco control</jtitle><addtitle>Tob Control</addtitle><date>2002-12-01</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>296</spage><epage>299</epage><pages>296-299</pages><issn>0964-4563</issn><eissn>1468-3318</eissn><abstract>Objective: To estimate the effect on cigarette sales rates when minors present identification (ID). Design: Controlled experiment in which minors attempting to purchase cigarettes either carried a valid photo ID (documenting they were minors) or carried no ID, and were instructed to show the ID or admit having no ID if the clerk requested proof of age. Setting: Census of retail stores in six urban and suburban Colorado counties. Subjects: Retail cigarette clerks, uninformed of the study. Main outcome measures: Relative risk (RR) of cigarette sale to a minor when ID was requested and presented versus requested but not presented. Results: When clerks requested ID, sales were more than six times as frequent if minors presented ID than if they did not (12.2% v 2.0%, RR 6.2, p < 0.0001). The relative risk remained substantially unchanged under adjustment for demographic and circumstantial covariates. Conclusions: Presentation of photo ID in compliance checks increases illegal cigarette sales to minors. The impact may vary among states or locales and depends strongly on how often clerks request proof of age. Clerk training and responsible cigarette sales practices should include age calculations from photo ID. Programmes relying on investigative purchase attempts to estimate actual rates of cigarette sales to minors should ascertain and replicate local ID presenting behaviours that minors typically use during genuine attempts to buy cigarettes.</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>12432154</pmid><doi>10.1136/tc.11.4.296</doi><tpages>4</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; PMC (PubMed Central); JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent adolescent behaviour Age Behavior Cigarette smoking Cigarettes Colorado Commerce Compliance compliance checks Conditional sales Demography Enforcement Estimates Ethnicity Female Females Finance Humans Interpersonal Relations Male Males Merchants Minors Multiculturalism & pluralism Public health Records Regression analysis Research Paper Retail stores Sales presentations Self service Smoking - economics Smoking and youth Studies Suburban Health Tobacco Truth Disclosure Urban Health youth access |
| title | The ID effect on youth access to cigarettes |
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