Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • 6: The aetiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by interactions between host factors, bacteria, viruses, and changes in air quality to produce increased inflammation in the lower airway. The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerba...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Thorax 2003-01, Vol.58 (1), p.73-80 |
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| creator | White, A J Gompertz, S Stockley, R A |
| description | Exacerbations of COPD are thought to be caused by interactions between host factors, bacteria, viruses, and changes in air quality to produce increased inflammation in the lower airway. The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerbations is reviewed. A better understanding of the causes and processes is needed for the appropriate use of existing treatments and the development of new ones. Future studies need to define populations clearly, stratify for known confounding factors, and should aim to identify clinical correlates so that clinical practice can be modified appropriately. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/thorax.58.1.73 |
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The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerbations is reviewed. A better understanding of the causes and processes is needed for the appropriate use of existing treatments and the development of new ones. 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The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerbations is reviewed. A better understanding of the causes and processes is needed for the appropriate use of existing treatments and the development of new ones. Future studies need to define populations clearly, stratify for known confounding factors, and should aim to identify clinical correlates so that clinical practice can be modified appropriately.</description><subject>aetiology</subject><subject>Air pollution</subject><subject>Air Pollution - adverse effects</subject><subject>Airway Obstruction - etiology</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Bacterial infections</subject><subject>Bacterial Infections - complications</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Care and treatment</subject><subject>Causes of</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</subject><subject>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma</subject><subject>Clinical medicine</subject><subject>Complications and side effects</subject><subject>Disease Susceptibility</subject><subject>exacerbations</subject><subject>Health risk assessment</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Inflammation</subject><subject>Lung diseases, Obstructive</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Neutrophils</subject><subject>Neutrophils - metabolism</subject><subject>Nitrogen dioxide</subject><subject>Outdoor air quality</subject><subject>Pneumology</subject><subject>Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology</subject><subject>Review Series</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism</subject><subject>Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio</subject><subject>Virus Diseases - complications</subject><issn>0040-6376</issn><issn>1468-3296</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkt9qFDEUxgdR7Fq99VIGxQvBGfM_WS-EslgVS0WovQ2ZzJndrDOTNZkp2zufxUfzSUyZpV1hQclFwnd--fLlcLLsKUYlxlS8GVY-mG3JVYlLSe9lM8yEKiiZi_vZDCGGCkGlOMoexbhGCCmM5cPsCBOeDkTOsmGxCr53NvdVHMJoB3cF-WZsO9-bcJ3XLoKJkP_--SsXb_OLFeQGBudbv7zOfZPD1lgIlUlSH28E-z92j7MHjWkjPNntx9m30_cXi4_F2ZcPnxYnZ0UlsBoKMLXlhig6Z6KWNQVVcQIYUQxYEIQsMFFZiRup6rqqOK0Jk9xyCYRigSw9zt5Nvpux6qC20A_BtHoTXJfSaG-c_rvSu5Ve-iuNJRNMkGTwYmcQ_I8R4qDXfgx9ypwQhRVKzWWJej5RS9OCdn3jk5ntXLT6ZC4Jp3PJE_T6ALSEHtLDvofGJXkfLw7gadXQOXuILyfeBh9jgOb2lxjpm0nR06RorjTWkqYLz_Z7c4fvRiMBL3eAida0TTC9dfGOY4wTrPaSujjA9rZuwnctJJVcn18uNCLs_PPX04W-TPyria-69b9C_gEj6ecY</recordid><startdate>200301</startdate><enddate>200301</enddate><creator>White, A J</creator><creator>Gompertz, S</creator><creator>Stockley, R A</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society</general><general>BMJ</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200301</creationdate><title>Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • 6: The aetiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease</title><author>White, A J ; 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The evidence for this and the potential mechanisms by which they result in the characteristic symptoms of exacerbations is reviewed. A better understanding of the causes and processes is needed for the appropriate use of existing treatments and the development of new ones. Future studies need to define populations clearly, stratify for known confounding factors, and should aim to identify clinical correlates so that clinical practice can be modified appropriately.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd and British Thoracic Society</pub><pmid>12511727</pmid><doi>10.1136/thorax.58.1.73</doi><tpages>8</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | aetiology Air pollution Air Pollution - adverse effects Airway Obstruction - etiology Antibiotics Bacterial infections Bacterial Infections - complications Biological and medical sciences Care and treatment Causes of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma Clinical medicine Complications and side effects Disease Susceptibility exacerbations Health risk assessment Hospitals Humans Infections Inflammation Lung diseases, Obstructive Medical sciences Mortality Neutrophils Neutrophils - metabolism Nitrogen dioxide Outdoor air quality Pneumology Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive - etiology Review Series Risk Factors Studies Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - metabolism Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio Virus Diseases - complications |
| title | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease • 6: The aetiology of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease |
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