Early childhood infection and atopic disorder
BACKGROUND Atopy is of complex origins but the recent rise in atopic diseases in westernised communities points to the action of important environmental effects. One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationsh...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Thorax 1998-11, Vol.53 (11), p.927-932 |
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| creator | Farooqi, I Sadaf Hopkin, Julian M |
| description | BACKGROUND Atopy is of complex origins but the recent rise in atopic diseases in westernised communities points to the action of important environmental effects. One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between childhood infections and subsequent atopic disease, taking into account a range of social and medical variables. METHODS A total of 1934 subjects representing a retrospective 1975–84 birth group at a family doctor practice in Oxfordshire were studied. Public health and practice records were reviewed; temporal records were made of all diagnoses of infections and their treatments, all immunisations, and diagnoses of asthma, hay fever and eczema; maternal atopy and a number of other variables were documented. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant predictors of subsequent atopic disease: maternal atopy (1.97, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.66, p |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/thx.53.11.927 |
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One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between childhood infections and subsequent atopic disease, taking into account a range of social and medical variables. METHODS A total of 1934 subjects representing a retrospective 1975–84 birth group at a family doctor practice in Oxfordshire were studied. Public health and practice records were reviewed; temporal records were made of all diagnoses of infections and their treatments, all immunisations, and diagnoses of asthma, hay fever and eczema; maternal atopy and a number of other variables were documented. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant predictors of subsequent atopic disease: maternal atopy (1.97, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.66, p<0.0001), immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (1.76, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.23, p<0.0001), and treatment with oral antibiotics in the first two years of life (2.07, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.60, p<0.0001). There was no significant association found for maternal smoking, bottle feeding, sibship size, or social class. CONCLUSIONS The prediction of atopic disease by maternal atopy mainly reflects the effect of acknowledged genetic factors. Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further investigation of these associations is warranted.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0040-6376</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-3296</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/thx.53.11.927</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10193389</identifier><identifier>CODEN: THORA7</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ</publisher><subject>Age ; Age Distribution ; Allergic diseases ; Allergies ; Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects ; Antibiotics ; Asthma ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birth Order ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Childrens health ; Cohort Studies ; Ear diseases ; Family Practice ; Female ; General aspects ; Humans ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate - etiology ; Hypersensitivity, Immediate - microbiology ; Immunopathology ; Infant ; Infection - complications ; Infections ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Measles ; Medical sciences ; Original ; Pertussis Vaccine - adverse effects ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Factors ; Social classes ; Studies ; Tetanus ; Tuberculosis ; Vaccines ; Whooping cough</subject><ispartof>Thorax, 1998-11, Vol.53 (11), p.927-932</ispartof><rights>British Thoracic Society</rights><rights>1998 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 1998 British Thoracic Society</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b539t-55e44f786d9b02d6dac062da7dbdc6ee6d0ab86dffb0960ee8e8da9d7fa5b7733</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745117/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1745117/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27903,27904,53769,53771</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2426513$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10193389$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Farooqi, I Sadaf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkin, Julian M</creatorcontrib><title>Early childhood infection and atopic disorder</title><title>Thorax</title><addtitle>Thorax</addtitle><description>BACKGROUND Atopy is of complex origins but the recent rise in atopic diseases in westernised communities points to the action of important environmental effects. One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between childhood infections and subsequent atopic disease, taking into account a range of social and medical variables. METHODS A total of 1934 subjects representing a retrospective 1975–84 birth group at a family doctor practice in Oxfordshire were studied. Public health and practice records were reviewed; temporal records were made of all diagnoses of infections and their treatments, all immunisations, and diagnoses of asthma, hay fever and eczema; maternal atopy and a number of other variables were documented. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant predictors of subsequent atopic disease: maternal atopy (1.97, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.66, p<0.0001), immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (1.76, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.23, p<0.0001), and treatment with oral antibiotics in the first two years of life (2.07, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.60, p<0.0001). There was no significant association found for maternal smoking, bottle feeding, sibship size, or social class. CONCLUSIONS The prediction of atopic disease by maternal atopy mainly reflects the effect of acknowledged genetic factors. Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further investigation of these associations is warranted.</description><subject>Age</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Allergic diseases</subject><subject>Allergies</subject><subject>Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects</subject><subject>Antibiotics</subject><subject>Asthma</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birth Order</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Childrens health</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Ear diseases</subject><subject>Family Practice</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - etiology</subject><subject>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - microbiology</subject><subject>Immunopathology</subject><subject>Infant</subject><subject>Infection - complications</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Logistic Models</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Measles</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Pertussis Vaccine - adverse effects</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Social classes</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Tetanus</subject><subject>Tuberculosis</subject><subject>Vaccines</subject><subject>Whooping cough</subject><issn>0040-6376</issn><issn>1468-3296</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1998</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkEtLAzEUhYMotlaXbmVAF26mJpPJYzaClPqAghtdh0weTsp0UpOp2H9vyhSpK1f3wv0459wDwCWCU4Qwveub7ynBaZ9WBTsCY1RSnuOiosdgDGEJc4oZHYGzGJcQQo4QOwUjBFGFMa_GIJ_L0G4z1bhWN97rzHXWqN75LpOdzmTv105l2kUftAnn4MTKNpqL_ZyA98f52-w5X7w-vcweFnlNcNXnhJiytIxTXdWw0FRLBWmhJdO1VtQYqqGs09XaGlYUGsMN17LSzEpSM4bxBNwPuutNvTJama4PshXr4FYybIWXTvy9dK4RH_5LIFaS9GISuN4LBP-5MbEXS78JXcqcEI44LArOE5UPlAo-xmDsrwOCYteuSO0KgtMuUruJvzqMdUAPdSbgZg_IqGRrg-yUi79cURaUoN17twNWr5b_WP4AssKQpw</recordid><startdate>19981101</startdate><enddate>19981101</enddate><creator>Farooqi, I Sadaf</creator><creator>Hopkin, Julian M</creator><general>BMJ</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19981101</creationdate><title>Early childhood infection and atopic disorder</title><author>Farooqi, I Sadaf ; Hopkin, Julian M</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b539t-55e44f786d9b02d6dac062da7dbdc6ee6d0ab86dffb0960ee8e8da9d7fa5b7733</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1998</creationdate><topic>Age</topic><topic>Age Distribution</topic><topic>Allergic diseases</topic><topic>Allergies</topic><topic>Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects</topic><topic>Antibiotics</topic><topic>Asthma</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Birth Order</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Childrens health</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Ear diseases</topic><topic>Family Practice</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - etiology</topic><topic>Hypersensitivity, Immediate - microbiology</topic><topic>Immunopathology</topic><topic>Infant</topic><topic>Infection - complications</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Logistic Models</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Measles</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Pertussis Vaccine - adverse effects</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Social classes</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Tetanus</topic><topic>Tuberculosis</topic><topic>Vaccines</topic><topic>Whooping cough</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Farooqi, I Sadaf</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hopkin, Julian M</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Thorax</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Farooqi, I Sadaf</au><au>Hopkin, Julian M</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Early childhood infection and atopic disorder</atitle><jtitle>Thorax</jtitle><addtitle>Thorax</addtitle><date>1998-11-01</date><risdate>1998</risdate><volume>53</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>927</spage><epage>932</epage><pages>927-932</pages><issn>0040-6376</issn><eissn>1468-3296</eissn><coden>THORA7</coden><abstract>BACKGROUND Atopy is of complex origins but the recent rise in atopic diseases in westernised communities points to the action of important environmental effects. One candidate mechanism is the changing pattern of microbial exposure in childhood. This epidemiological study investigated the relationship between childhood infections and subsequent atopic disease, taking into account a range of social and medical variables. METHODS A total of 1934 subjects representing a retrospective 1975–84 birth group at a family doctor practice in Oxfordshire were studied. Public health and practice records were reviewed; temporal records were made of all diagnoses of infections and their treatments, all immunisations, and diagnoses of asthma, hay fever and eczema; maternal atopy and a number of other variables were documented. RESULTS Logistic regression analysis identified three statistically significant predictors of subsequent atopic disease: maternal atopy (1.97, 95% CI 1.46 to 2.66, p<0.0001), immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine (1.76, 95% CI 1.39 to 2.23, p<0.0001), and treatment with oral antibiotics in the first two years of life (2.07, 95% CI 1.64 to 2.60, p<0.0001). There was no significant association found for maternal smoking, bottle feeding, sibship size, or social class. CONCLUSIONS The prediction of atopic disease by maternal atopy mainly reflects the effect of acknowledged genetic factors. Interpretation of the prediction of atopic disorders by immunisation with whole-cell pertussis vaccine and treatment with oral antibiotics needs to be very cautious because of the possibilities of confounding effects and reverse causation. However, plausible immune mechanisms are identifiable for the promotion of atopic disorders by both factors and further investigation of these associations is warranted.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ</pub><pmid>10193389</pmid><doi>10.1136/thx.53.11.927</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Age Age Distribution Allergic diseases Allergies Anti-Bacterial Agents - adverse effects Antibiotics Asthma Biological and medical sciences Birth Order Child Child, Preschool Childrens health Cohort Studies Ear diseases Family Practice Female General aspects Humans Hypersensitivity, Immediate - etiology Hypersensitivity, Immediate - microbiology Immunopathology Infant Infection - complications Infections Logistic Models Male Measles Medical sciences Original Pertussis Vaccine - adverse effects Retrospective Studies Risk Factors Social classes Studies Tetanus Tuberculosis Vaccines Whooping cough |
| title | Early childhood infection and atopic disorder |
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