Acute small subcortical infarctions on diffusion weighted MRI: clinical presentation and aetiology
Objective: To determine the clinical presentation and aetiology of small subcortical infarctions as found on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). DWI is both sensitive and specific in the early detection of acute ischaemic brain lesions irrespective of pre-existing vascular damage. M...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry neurosurgery and psychiatry, 2005-11, Vol.76 (11), p.1520-1524 |
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| container_title | Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry |
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| creator | Seifert, T Enzinger, C Storch, M K Pichler, G Niederkorn, K Fazekas, F |
| description | Objective: To determine the clinical presentation and aetiology of small subcortical infarctions as found on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). DWI is both sensitive and specific in the early detection of acute ischaemic brain lesions irrespective of pre-existing vascular damage. Methods: Ninety three patients were identified showing subcortical or brainstem DWI lesions |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/jnnp.2005.063594 |
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DWI is both sensitive and specific in the early detection of acute ischaemic brain lesions irrespective of pre-existing vascular damage. Methods: Ninety three patients were identified showing subcortical or brainstem DWI lesions <1.5 cm in diameter within a maximum of 7 days from the onset of stroke symptoms. The patients’ clinical status on admission was reviewed according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP). The results of procedures searching for cerebrovascular risk factors, large artery disease, and potential sources of cardiac embolism were included to determine stroke aetiology. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were also reviewed for concomitant changes that could support the aetiologic classification. Results: Only 41 (44.1%) patients presented clinically with a lacunar syndrome according to OCSP criteria. The nine (9.7%) patients who showed two or more DWI lesions in different vascular territories were also significantly more likely to have potential sources of cardiac embolism (5/9, 55.6% v 20/84, 23.8%). Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the group of patients who showed a microangiopathy related imaging pattern, but this pattern did not exclude the presence of large artery disease or a possible cardioembolic source of stroke. Conclusion: Identification of small subcortical infarctions as the cause of stroke appears quite uncertain based on clinical characteristics only. DWI adds significant aetiologic information but does not obviate the search for other potentially causative mechanisms.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-3050</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-330X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2005.063594</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16227543</identifier><identifier>CODEN: JNNPAU</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</publisher><subject>Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brain Infarction - epidemiology ; Brain Infarction - etiology ; Brain Infarction - pathology ; Brain Stem - blood supply ; Brain Stem - pathology ; Cardiac arrhythmia ; Carotid Artery, Internal - physiopathology ; Carotid Stenosis - complications ; Carotid Stenosis - epidemiology ; Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology ; Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology ; Diabetes ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging ; diffusion weighted MRI ; DWI ; ECG ; electrocardiogram ; Electrocardiography ; Embolism - complications ; Embolism - epidemiology ; Embolisms ; Female ; Heart Diseases - complications ; Heart Diseases - epidemiology ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - complications ; Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - epidemiology ; Humans ; Hypertension ; Hypertension - complications ; Hypertension - epidemiology ; ICA ; internal carotid artery ; Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) ; Ischemia ; LACS ; lacunar stroke ; lacunar syndrome ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Male ; Medical imaging ; Medical sciences ; Middle Aged ; MRI ; Nervous system ; Neurology ; OCSP ; Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project ; PACS ; partial anterior circulation syndrome ; Patients ; POCS ; posterior circulation syndrome ; Prevalence ; Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry ; Risk Factors ; Smoking ; Stroke ; stroke aetiology ; TACS ; TEE ; TOAST ; total anterior circulation syndrome ; transoesophageal echocardiography ; transthoracic echocardiography ; Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment ; TTE ; Ultrasonic imaging ; Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system ; Vein & artery diseases ; white matter hyperintensities ; WMH</subject><ispartof>Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry, 2005-11, Vol.76 (11), p.1520-1524</ispartof><rights>Copyright 2005 Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry</rights><rights>2005 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2005 Copyright 2005 Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b557t-3065d46132ebb19869688c5400770a6667670c51d422934f499c7d31d83b9b533</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1739418/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1739418/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17205144$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16227543$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Seifert, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enzinger, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Storch, M K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pichler, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niederkorn, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazekas, F</creatorcontrib><title>Acute small subcortical infarctions on diffusion weighted MRI: clinical presentation and aetiology</title><title>Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry</title><addtitle>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</addtitle><description>Objective: To determine the clinical presentation and aetiology of small subcortical infarctions as found on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). DWI is both sensitive and specific in the early detection of acute ischaemic brain lesions irrespective of pre-existing vascular damage. Methods: Ninety three patients were identified showing subcortical or brainstem DWI lesions <1.5 cm in diameter within a maximum of 7 days from the onset of stroke symptoms. The patients’ clinical status on admission was reviewed according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP). The results of procedures searching for cerebrovascular risk factors, large artery disease, and potential sources of cardiac embolism were included to determine stroke aetiology. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were also reviewed for concomitant changes that could support the aetiologic classification. Results: Only 41 (44.1%) patients presented clinically with a lacunar syndrome according to OCSP criteria. The nine (9.7%) patients who showed two or more DWI lesions in different vascular territories were also significantly more likely to have potential sources of cardiac embolism (5/9, 55.6% v 20/84, 23.8%). Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the group of patients who showed a microangiopathy related imaging pattern, but this pattern did not exclude the presence of large artery disease or a possible cardioembolic source of stroke. Conclusion: Identification of small subcortical infarctions as the cause of stroke appears quite uncertain based on clinical characteristics only. DWI adds significant aetiologic information but does not obviate the search for other potentially causative mechanisms.</description><subject>Acute Disease</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brain Infarction - epidemiology</subject><subject>Brain Infarction - etiology</subject><subject>Brain Infarction - pathology</subject><subject>Brain Stem - blood supply</subject><subject>Brain Stem - pathology</subject><subject>Cardiac arrhythmia</subject><subject>Carotid Artery, Internal - physiopathology</subject><subject>Carotid Stenosis - complications</subject><subject>Carotid Stenosis - epidemiology</subject><subject>Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology</subject><subject>Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology</subject><subject>Diabetes</subject><subject>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</subject><subject>diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>diffusion weighted MRI</subject><subject>DWI</subject><subject>ECG</subject><subject>electrocardiogram</subject><subject>Electrocardiography</subject><subject>Embolism - complications</subject><subject>Embolism - epidemiology</subject><subject>Embolisms</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Heart Diseases - complications</subject><subject>Heart Diseases - epidemiology</subject><subject>Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - complications</subject><subject>Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - epidemiology</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Hypertension</subject><subject>Hypertension - complications</subject><subject>Hypertension - epidemiology</subject><subject>ICA</subject><subject>internal carotid artery</subject><subject>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</subject><subject>Ischemia</subject><subject>LACS</subject><subject>lacunar stroke</subject><subject>lacunar syndrome</subject><subject>Magnetic resonance imaging</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical imaging</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>MRI</subject><subject>Nervous system</subject><subject>Neurology</subject><subject>OCSP</subject><subject>Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project</subject><subject>PACS</subject><subject>partial anterior circulation syndrome</subject><subject>Patients</subject><subject>POCS</subject><subject>posterior circulation syndrome</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Smoking</subject><subject>Stroke</subject><subject>stroke aetiology</subject><subject>TACS</subject><subject>TEE</subject><subject>TOAST</subject><subject>total anterior circulation syndrome</subject><subject>transoesophageal echocardiography</subject><subject>transthoracic echocardiography</subject><subject>Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment</subject><subject>TTE</subject><subject>Ultrasonic imaging</subject><subject>Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</subject><subject>Vein & artery diseases</subject><subject>white matter hyperintensities</subject><subject>WMH</subject><issn>0022-3050</issn><issn>1468-330X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkc1vFCEYxonR2LV692RIjF7MrHwzeDCpG6tNqkZTP26EYZgt2xlYYUbtfy_jblr1Ui5A3t_7vA88ADzEaIkxFc83IWyXBCG-RIJyxW6BBWairihF326DBUKEVBRxdADu5bxB86rVXXCABSGSM7oAzZGdRgfzYPoe5qmxMY3emh760JlkRx9DhjHA1nfdlMsN_nR-fT66Fr77dPIC2t6HP_w2uezCaOYOaEILjSvHPq4v74M7nemze7DfD8Hn49dnq7fV6Yc3J6uj06rhXI7Fp-AtE5gS1zRY1UKJuracISQlMkIIKSSyHLeMEEVZx5SysqW4rWmjGk7pIXi5091OzeBaW9wk0-tt8oNJlzoar_-tBH-u1_GHxpIqhusi8HQvkOL3yeVRDz5b1_cmuDhlLYonXKObQay44kjhAj7-D9zEKYXyC2VojQlVhItCoR1lU8w5ue7KM0Z6zlnPOes5Z73LubQ8-vut1w37YAvwZA-YXOLpkgnW52tOEsQxm4WqHefz6H5d1U260EJSyfX7LyuNGfp4dixf6a-Ff7bjm2Fzs83fHG7NYA</recordid><startdate>20051101</startdate><enddate>20051101</enddate><creator>Seifert, T</creator><creator>Enzinger, C</creator><creator>Storch, M K</creator><creator>Pichler, G</creator><creator>Niederkorn, K</creator><creator>Fazekas, F</creator><general>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</general><general>BMJ</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Group</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20051101</creationdate><title>Acute small subcortical infarctions on diffusion weighted MRI: clinical presentation and aetiology</title><author>Seifert, T ; Enzinger, C ; Storch, M K ; Pichler, G ; Niederkorn, K ; Fazekas, F</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b557t-3065d46132ebb19869688c5400770a6667670c51d422934f499c7d31d83b9b533</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Acute Disease</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Brain Infarction - epidemiology</topic><topic>Brain Infarction - etiology</topic><topic>Brain Infarction - pathology</topic><topic>Brain Stem - blood supply</topic><topic>Brain Stem - pathology</topic><topic>Cardiac arrhythmia</topic><topic>Carotid Artery, Internal - physiopathology</topic><topic>Carotid Stenosis - complications</topic><topic>Carotid Stenosis - epidemiology</topic><topic>Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology</topic><topic>Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology</topic><topic>Diabetes</topic><topic>Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging</topic><topic>diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>diffusion weighted MRI</topic><topic>DWI</topic><topic>ECG</topic><topic>electrocardiogram</topic><topic>Electrocardiography</topic><topic>Embolism - complications</topic><topic>Embolism - epidemiology</topic><topic>Embolisms</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Heart Diseases - complications</topic><topic>Heart Diseases - epidemiology</topic><topic>Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - complications</topic><topic>Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - epidemiology</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Hypertension</topic><topic>Hypertension - complications</topic><topic>Hypertension - epidemiology</topic><topic>ICA</topic><topic>internal carotid artery</topic><topic>Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects)</topic><topic>Ischemia</topic><topic>LACS</topic><topic>lacunar stroke</topic><topic>lacunar syndrome</topic><topic>Magnetic resonance imaging</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical imaging</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>MRI</topic><topic>Nervous system</topic><topic>Neurology</topic><topic>OCSP</topic><topic>Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project</topic><topic>PACS</topic><topic>partial anterior circulation syndrome</topic><topic>Patients</topic><topic>POCS</topic><topic>posterior circulation syndrome</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Smoking</topic><topic>Stroke</topic><topic>stroke aetiology</topic><topic>TACS</topic><topic>TEE</topic><topic>TOAST</topic><topic>total anterior circulation syndrome</topic><topic>transoesophageal echocardiography</topic><topic>transthoracic echocardiography</topic><topic>Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment</topic><topic>TTE</topic><topic>Ultrasonic imaging</topic><topic>Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system</topic><topic>Vein & artery diseases</topic><topic>white matter hyperintensities</topic><topic>WMH</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Seifert, T</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Enzinger, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Storch, M K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Pichler, G</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Niederkorn, K</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fazekas, F</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>Psychology Database</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Seifert, T</au><au>Enzinger, C</au><au>Storch, M K</au><au>Pichler, G</au><au>Niederkorn, K</au><au>Fazekas, F</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Acute small subcortical infarctions on diffusion weighted MRI: clinical presentation and aetiology</atitle><jtitle>Journal of neurology, neurosurgery and psychiatry</jtitle><addtitle>J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry</addtitle><date>2005-11-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>76</volume><issue>11</issue><spage>1520</spage><epage>1524</epage><pages>1520-1524</pages><issn>0022-3050</issn><eissn>1468-330X</eissn><coden>JNNPAU</coden><abstract>Objective: To determine the clinical presentation and aetiology of small subcortical infarctions as found on diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI). DWI is both sensitive and specific in the early detection of acute ischaemic brain lesions irrespective of pre-existing vascular damage. Methods: Ninety three patients were identified showing subcortical or brainstem DWI lesions <1.5 cm in diameter within a maximum of 7 days from the onset of stroke symptoms. The patients’ clinical status on admission was reviewed according to the Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP). The results of procedures searching for cerebrovascular risk factors, large artery disease, and potential sources of cardiac embolism were included to determine stroke aetiology. Magnetic resonance imaging scans were also reviewed for concomitant changes that could support the aetiologic classification. Results: Only 41 (44.1%) patients presented clinically with a lacunar syndrome according to OCSP criteria. The nine (9.7%) patients who showed two or more DWI lesions in different vascular territories were also significantly more likely to have potential sources of cardiac embolism (5/9, 55.6% v 20/84, 23.8%). Hypertension was significantly more prevalent in the group of patients who showed a microangiopathy related imaging pattern, but this pattern did not exclude the presence of large artery disease or a possible cardioembolic source of stroke. Conclusion: Identification of small subcortical infarctions as the cause of stroke appears quite uncertain based on clinical characteristics only. DWI adds significant aetiologic information but does not obviate the search for other potentially causative mechanisms.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</pub><pmid>16227543</pmid><doi>10.1136/jnnp.2005.063594</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Acute Disease Adult Aged Aged, 80 and over Biological and medical sciences Brain Infarction - epidemiology Brain Infarction - etiology Brain Infarction - pathology Brain Stem - blood supply Brain Stem - pathology Cardiac arrhythmia Carotid Artery, Internal - physiopathology Carotid Stenosis - complications Carotid Stenosis - epidemiology Carotid Stenosis - physiopathology Cerebrovascular Circulation - physiology Diabetes Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging diffusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging diffusion weighted MRI DWI ECG electrocardiogram Electrocardiography Embolism - complications Embolism - epidemiology Embolisms Female Heart Diseases - complications Heart Diseases - epidemiology Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - complications Heart Septal Defects, Atrial - epidemiology Humans Hypertension Hypertension - complications Hypertension - epidemiology ICA internal carotid artery Investigative techniques, diagnostic techniques (general aspects) Ischemia LACS lacunar stroke lacunar syndrome Magnetic resonance imaging Male Medical imaging Medical sciences Middle Aged MRI Nervous system Neurology OCSP Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project PACS partial anterior circulation syndrome Patients POCS posterior circulation syndrome Prevalence Radiodiagnosis. Nmr imagery. Nmr spectrometry Risk Factors Smoking Stroke stroke aetiology TACS TEE TOAST total anterior circulation syndrome transoesophageal echocardiography transthoracic echocardiography Trial of Org 10172 in Acute Stroke Treatment TTE Ultrasonic imaging Vascular diseases and vascular malformations of the nervous system Vein & artery diseases white matter hyperintensities WMH |
| title | Acute small subcortical infarctions on diffusion weighted MRI: clinical presentation and aetiology |
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