Platelet-Activating Factor Regulates Cadherin-Catenin Adhesion System Expression and β-Catenin Phosphorylation during Kaposi's Sarcoma Cell Motility

In the present study, we evaluated whether motility of Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) cells induced by platelet-activating factor (PAF) is dependent on the regulation of adherens junctions components. The results obtained indicate that PAF dose and time dependently reduced the endogenous expression of the main components of the adherens junctions: VE-cadherin, α-catenin, and β-catenin. In addition, PAF initiated events that directly or indirectly up-regulated both the tyrosine and serine/threonine phosphorylation pathways, and both types of phosphorylation of β-catenin were involved in the motility of KS cells. This motility was abrogated by addition of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor genistein, suggesting that this phosphorylation is an important signal responsible for breaking down the adherens junctions and diminishing the ability of neighboring cells to interact. Furthermore, immunofluorescence analysis showed that β-catenin and VE-cadherin staining changed from a uniform distribution along the membrane of controls to a diffuse pattern with gap formation in PAF-treated KS cells. In conclusion, the data presented here indicate that PAF induces tumor cell motility by altering cell-cell adhesion through β-catenin phosphorylation.