Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort
Abstract Objectives To examine whether infertile couples (with a time to pregnancy of > 12 months), who conceive naturally or after treatment, give birth to children with an increased prevalence of congenital malformations. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Danish national birth cohort. Particip...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ 2006-09, Vol.333 (7570), p.679-681 |
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| creator | Zhu, Jin Liang Basso, Olga Obel, Carsten Bille, Camilla Olsen, Jørn |
| description | Abstract Objectives To examine whether infertile couples (with a time to pregnancy of > 12 months), who conceive naturally or after treatment, give birth to children with an increased prevalence of congenital malformations. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Danish national birth cohort. Participants Three groups of liveborn children and their mothers: 50 897 singletons and 1366 twins born of fertile couples (time to pregnancy ≤ 12 months), 5764 singletons and 100 twins born of infertile couples who conceived naturally (time to pregnancy > 12 months), and 4588 singletons and 1690 twins born after infertility treatment. Main outcome measures Prevalence of congenital malformations determined from hospital discharge diagnoses. Results Compared with singletons born of fertile couples, singletons born of infertile couples who conceived naturally or after treatment had a higher prevalence of congenital malformations—hazard ratios 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.39 (1.23 to 1.57). The overall prevalence of congenital malformations increased with increasing time to pregnancy. When the analysis was restricted to singletons born of infertile couples, babies born after treatment had an increased prevalence of genital organ malformations (hazard ratio 2.32, 1.24 to 4.35) compared with babies conceived naturally. No significant differences existed in the overall prevalence of congenital malformations among twins. Conclusions Hormonal treatment for infertility may be related to the occurrence of malformations of genital organs, but our results suggest that the reported increased prevalence of congenital malformations seen in singletons born after assisted reproductive technology is partly due to the underlying infertility or its determinants. The association between untreated infertility and congenital malformations warrants further examination. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmj.38919.495718.AE |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>jstor_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1584372</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><jstor_id>40700872</jstor_id><sourcerecordid>40700872</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-b680t-d7ebc9e1b9981d42e03e2173de9082d58c4970839a4db91bd5abd05dcfa952e53</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqNkl1v0zAYhS0EYtXYL0CgCARXS7FjO7Z3gVR13ZiYhoQGl1hO4qwuiT1sF7F_j9NULSCh7cqyzvN--PgA8BzBKUK4fFf1qynmAokpEZQhPp0tHoEJIiXPKcf4MZhAQUXOEeYH4CiEFYSwwIyLkj4FB6jkAguIJ-DbhW21j6Yz8e44M_tLFr1Wsdc2HmfKNlnt7I22Jqou61XXOt-raJwNJ9mpsiYsM7u5J7kyPi4Tv3Q-PgNPWtUFfbQ9D8GXs8X1_EN--en8Yj67zKuSw5g3TFe10KgSgqOGFBpiXSCGGy0gLxrKayIY5Fgo0lQCVQ1VVQNpU7dK0EJTfAjej31v11Wvmzqt7VUnb73plb-TThn5t2LNUt64nxJRTjArUoO32wbe_VjrEGVvQq27Tlnt1kEmwyCjyc77wPQZWCAMHwBCUXB6f0ckcEkLRhL46h9w5dY-WR5kAQnElBbD2Nf_gxBjrCSEsMEvPFK1dyF43e6sQlAOAZMpYHITMDkGTM4Wqerlny7va7ZxSsCbLaBCnVLila1N2HMcEV7CYfyLkVuF6PxOJ5BByDe_kY-6CVH_2unKf5clw4zKq69zeXr28eqcXn-WAz8d-WHrh7zkN7atAPU</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1777644475</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>BMJ Journals - NESLi2</source><source>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</source><source>JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing</source><source>Alma/SFX Local Collection</source><creator>Zhu, Jin Liang ; Basso, Olga ; Obel, Carsten ; Bille, Camilla ; Olsen, Jørn</creator><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jin Liang ; Basso, Olga ; Obel, Carsten ; Bille, Camilla ; Olsen, Jørn</creatorcontrib><description>Abstract Objectives To examine whether infertile couples (with a time to pregnancy of > 12 months), who conceive naturally or after treatment, give birth to children with an increased prevalence of congenital malformations. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Danish national birth cohort. Participants Three groups of liveborn children and their mothers: 50 897 singletons and 1366 twins born of fertile couples (time to pregnancy ≤ 12 months), 5764 singletons and 100 twins born of infertile couples who conceived naturally (time to pregnancy > 12 months), and 4588 singletons and 1690 twins born after infertility treatment. Main outcome measures Prevalence of congenital malformations determined from hospital discharge diagnoses. Results Compared with singletons born of fertile couples, singletons born of infertile couples who conceived naturally or after treatment had a higher prevalence of congenital malformations—hazard ratios 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.39 (1.23 to 1.57). The overall prevalence of congenital malformations increased with increasing time to pregnancy. When the analysis was restricted to singletons born of infertile couples, babies born after treatment had an increased prevalence of genital organ malformations (hazard ratio 2.32, 1.24 to 4.35) compared with babies conceived naturally. No significant differences existed in the overall prevalence of congenital malformations among twins. Conclusions Hormonal treatment for infertility may be related to the occurrence of malformations of genital organs, but our results suggest that the reported increased prevalence of congenital malformations seen in singletons born after assisted reproductive technology is partly due to the underlying infertility or its determinants. The association between untreated infertility and congenital malformations warrants further examination.</description><edition>International edition</edition><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8138</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8146</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0959-535X</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-5833</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38919.495718.AE</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16893903</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BMJOAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>London: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Assisted reproductive techniques ; Babies ; Biological and medical sciences ; Birth control ; Birth defects ; Childbirth & labor ; Children ; Cohort Studies ; Congenital Abnormalities - epidemiology ; Congenital disorders ; Denmark ; Denmark - epidemiology ; Epidemiology ; Female ; General aspects ; Genitalia ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; Humans ; Infertility ; Infertility - epidemiology ; Infertility - therapy ; Infertility treatments ; Intracytoplasmic sperm injections ; Longitudinal studies ; Male ; Medical diagnosis ; Medical research ; Medical sciences ; Pregnancy ; Prevalence ; Public health ; Reproductive Techniques, Assisted - adverse effects ; Reproductive technologies ; Risk Factors ; Sterility. Assisted procreation ; Treatment ; Twins</subject><ispartof>BMJ, 2006-09, Vol.333 (7570), p.679-681</ispartof><rights>2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright: 2006 (c) 2006 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BMJ Publishing Group Sep 30, 2006</rights><rights>Copyright © 2006, BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b680t-d7ebc9e1b9981d42e03e2173de9082d58c4970839a4db91bd5abd05dcfa952e53</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttp://bmj.com/content/333/7570/679.full.pdf$$EPDF$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttp://bmj.com/content/333/7570/679.full$$EHTML$$P50$$Gbmj$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>114,115,230,314,780,784,803,885,3196,23571,27924,27925,30999,31000,58017,58250,77600,77631</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=18148605$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16893903$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jin Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basso, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obel, Carsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bille, Camilla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Jørn</creatorcontrib><title>Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort</title><title>BMJ</title><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><description>Abstract Objectives To examine whether infertile couples (with a time to pregnancy of > 12 months), who conceive naturally or after treatment, give birth to children with an increased prevalence of congenital malformations. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Danish national birth cohort. Participants Three groups of liveborn children and their mothers: 50 897 singletons and 1366 twins born of fertile couples (time to pregnancy ≤ 12 months), 5764 singletons and 100 twins born of infertile couples who conceived naturally (time to pregnancy > 12 months), and 4588 singletons and 1690 twins born after infertility treatment. Main outcome measures Prevalence of congenital malformations determined from hospital discharge diagnoses. Results Compared with singletons born of fertile couples, singletons born of infertile couples who conceived naturally or after treatment had a higher prevalence of congenital malformations—hazard ratios 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.39 (1.23 to 1.57). The overall prevalence of congenital malformations increased with increasing time to pregnancy. When the analysis was restricted to singletons born of infertile couples, babies born after treatment had an increased prevalence of genital organ malformations (hazard ratio 2.32, 1.24 to 4.35) compared with babies conceived naturally. No significant differences existed in the overall prevalence of congenital malformations among twins. Conclusions Hormonal treatment for infertility may be related to the occurrence of malformations of genital organs, but our results suggest that the reported increased prevalence of congenital malformations seen in singletons born after assisted reproductive technology is partly due to the underlying infertility or its determinants. The association between untreated infertility and congenital malformations warrants further examination.</description><subject>Assisted reproductive techniques</subject><subject>Babies</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Birth control</subject><subject>Birth defects</subject><subject>Childbirth & labor</subject><subject>Children</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Congenital Abnormalities - epidemiology</subject><subject>Congenital disorders</subject><subject>Denmark</subject><subject>Denmark - epidemiology</subject><subject>Epidemiology</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Genitalia</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infertility</subject><subject>Infertility - epidemiology</subject><subject>Infertility - therapy</subject><subject>Infertility treatments</subject><subject>Intracytoplasmic sperm injections</subject><subject>Longitudinal studies</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical diagnosis</subject><subject>Medical research</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Pregnancy</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Reproductive Techniques, Assisted - adverse effects</subject><subject>Reproductive technologies</subject><subject>Risk Factors</subject><subject>Sterility. 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Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infertility</topic><topic>Infertility - epidemiology</topic><topic>Infertility - therapy</topic><topic>Infertility treatments</topic><topic>Intracytoplasmic sperm injections</topic><topic>Longitudinal studies</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical diagnosis</topic><topic>Medical research</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Pregnancy</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Reproductive Techniques, Assisted - adverse effects</topic><topic>Reproductive technologies</topic><topic>Risk Factors</topic><topic>Sterility. Assisted procreation</topic><topic>Treatment</topic><topic>Twins</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Zhu, Jin Liang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Basso, Olga</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Obel, Carsten</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bille, Camilla</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Olsen, Jørn</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Health and Safety Science Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Safety Science and Risk</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Zhu, Jin Liang</au><au>Basso, Olga</au><au>Obel, Carsten</au><au>Bille, Camilla</au><au>Olsen, Jørn</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort</atitle><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><date>2006-09-30</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>333</volume><issue>7570</issue><spage>679</spage><epage>681</epage><pages>679-681</pages><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><issn>0959-535X</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><eissn>1468-5833</eissn><eissn>1756-1833</eissn><coden>BMJOAE</coden><abstract>Abstract Objectives To examine whether infertile couples (with a time to pregnancy of > 12 months), who conceive naturally or after treatment, give birth to children with an increased prevalence of congenital malformations. Design Longitudinal study. Setting Danish national birth cohort. Participants Three groups of liveborn children and their mothers: 50 897 singletons and 1366 twins born of fertile couples (time to pregnancy ≤ 12 months), 5764 singletons and 100 twins born of infertile couples who conceived naturally (time to pregnancy > 12 months), and 4588 singletons and 1690 twins born after infertility treatment. Main outcome measures Prevalence of congenital malformations determined from hospital discharge diagnoses. Results Compared with singletons born of fertile couples, singletons born of infertile couples who conceived naturally or after treatment had a higher prevalence of congenital malformations—hazard ratios 1.20 (95% confidence interval 1.07 to 1.35) and 1.39 (1.23 to 1.57). The overall prevalence of congenital malformations increased with increasing time to pregnancy. When the analysis was restricted to singletons born of infertile couples, babies born after treatment had an increased prevalence of genital organ malformations (hazard ratio 2.32, 1.24 to 4.35) compared with babies conceived naturally. No significant differences existed in the overall prevalence of congenital malformations among twins. Conclusions Hormonal treatment for infertility may be related to the occurrence of malformations of genital organs, but our results suggest that the reported increased prevalence of congenital malformations seen in singletons born after assisted reproductive technology is partly due to the underlying infertility or its determinants. The association between untreated infertility and congenital malformations warrants further examination.</abstract><cop>London</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>16893903</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmj.38919.495718.AE</doi><tpages>3</tpages><edition>International edition</edition><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| language | eng |
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| source | MEDLINE; BMJ Journals - NESLi2; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); JSTOR Archive Collection A-Z Listing; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Assisted reproductive techniques Babies Biological and medical sciences Birth control Birth defects Childbirth & labor Children Cohort Studies Congenital Abnormalities - epidemiology Congenital disorders Denmark Denmark - epidemiology Epidemiology Female General aspects Genitalia Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics Humans Infertility Infertility - epidemiology Infertility - therapy Infertility treatments Intracytoplasmic sperm injections Longitudinal studies Male Medical diagnosis Medical research Medical sciences Pregnancy Prevalence Public health Reproductive Techniques, Assisted - adverse effects Reproductive technologies Risk Factors Sterility. Assisted procreation Treatment Twins |
| title | Infertility, infertility treatment, and congenital malformations: Danish national birth cohort |
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