Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity
Palisade endings form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tip of muscle fibres. They are found only in extraocular muscles, but no definite evidence for their role in eye movements has been established. Palisade endings have been reported in all species so far investigated except the rat. In this s...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of anatomy 2005-03, Vol.206 (3), p.307-315 |
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| creator | Eberhorn, Andreas C. Horn, Anja K. E. Eberhorn, Nicola Fischer, Petra Boergen, Klaus‐Peter Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A. |
| description | Palisade endings form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tip of muscle fibres. They are found only in extraocular muscles, but no definite evidence for their role in eye movements has been established. Palisade endings have been reported in all species so far investigated except the rat. In this study we demonstrate that antibodies against SNAP‐25, the synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa, reliably visualize the complete motor, sensory and autonomic innervation of the extraocular muscles in human, monkey and rat. The SNAP‐25 antibody can be combined with other immunofluorescence procedures, and is used here to study properties of palisade endings. With SNAP‐25 immunolabelling putative palisade endings are identified in the rat for the first time. They are not well branched, but fulfil several criteria of palisade endings, being associated with non‐twitch fibres as shown by double labelling with ‘myosin heavy chain slow‐twitch’ antibodies. The putative palisade endings of the rat lack α‐bungarotoxin binding, which implies that these synapses are sensory. If palisade endings are sensory then they could function as an eye muscle proprioceptor. They seem to be a general feature of all vertebrate eye muscles, unlike the other two extraocular proprioceptors, muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, the presence of which varies widely between species. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00378.x |
| format | Article |
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E. ; Eberhorn, Nicola ; Fischer, Petra ; Boergen, Klaus‐Peter ; Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</creator><creatorcontrib>Eberhorn, Andreas C. ; Horn, Anja K. E. ; Eberhorn, Nicola ; Fischer, Petra ; Boergen, Klaus‐Peter ; Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</creatorcontrib><description>Palisade endings form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tip of muscle fibres. They are found only in extraocular muscles, but no definite evidence for their role in eye movements has been established. Palisade endings have been reported in all species so far investigated except the rat. In this study we demonstrate that antibodies against SNAP‐25, the synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa, reliably visualize the complete motor, sensory and autonomic innervation of the extraocular muscles in human, monkey and rat. The SNAP‐25 antibody can be combined with other immunofluorescence procedures, and is used here to study properties of palisade endings. With SNAP‐25 immunolabelling putative palisade endings are identified in the rat for the first time. They are not well branched, but fulfil several criteria of palisade endings, being associated with non‐twitch fibres as shown by double labelling with ‘myosin heavy chain slow‐twitch’ antibodies. The putative palisade endings of the rat lack α‐bungarotoxin binding, which implies that these synapses are sensory. If palisade endings are sensory then they could function as an eye muscle proprioceptor. They seem to be a general feature of all vertebrate eye muscles, unlike the other two extraocular proprioceptors, muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, the presence of which varies widely between species.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0021-8782</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-7580</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00378.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15733303</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Autonomic Nervous System - anatomy & histology ; Axons - ultrastructure ; Biomarkers - analysis ; human ; Humans ; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Immunohistochemistry - methods ; Macaca ; Membrane Proteins - analysis ; Microscopy, Confocal ; monkey ; Motor Neurons - cytology ; myotendinous cylinders ; Nerve Endings - cytology ; Nerve Tissue Proteins - analysis ; Neurons, Afferent - cytology ; Oculomotor Muscles - innervation ; oculomotor proprioception ; Proprioception ; rat ; Rats ; Reviews ; Sheep ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25</subject><ispartof>Journal of anatomy, 2005-03, Vol.206 (3), p.307-315</ispartof><rights>Anatomical Society of Great Britain and Ireland 2005 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5378-f72ed3f44d94b64b5ac39d4ec3d55acd51b1f30a50ea4b8f03015ec0c45eb4763</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5378-f72ed3f44d94b64b5ac39d4ec3d55acd51b1f30a50ea4b8f03015ec0c45eb4763</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571482/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1571482/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,1411,1427,27901,27902,45550,45551,46384,46808,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15733303$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Eberhorn, Andreas C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horn, Anja K. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eberhorn, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Petra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boergen, Klaus‐Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</creatorcontrib><title>Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity</title><title>Journal of anatomy</title><addtitle>J Anat</addtitle><description>Palisade endings form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tip of muscle fibres. They are found only in extraocular muscles, but no definite evidence for their role in eye movements has been established. Palisade endings have been reported in all species so far investigated except the rat. In this study we demonstrate that antibodies against SNAP‐25, the synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa, reliably visualize the complete motor, sensory and autonomic innervation of the extraocular muscles in human, monkey and rat. The SNAP‐25 antibody can be combined with other immunofluorescence procedures, and is used here to study properties of palisade endings. With SNAP‐25 immunolabelling putative palisade endings are identified in the rat for the first time. They are not well branched, but fulfil several criteria of palisade endings, being associated with non‐twitch fibres as shown by double labelling with ‘myosin heavy chain slow‐twitch’ antibodies. The putative palisade endings of the rat lack α‐bungarotoxin binding, which implies that these synapses are sensory. If palisade endings are sensory then they could function as an eye muscle proprioceptor. They seem to be a general feature of all vertebrate eye muscles, unlike the other two extraocular proprioceptors, muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, the presence of which varies widely between species.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Autonomic Nervous System - anatomy & histology</subject><subject>Axons - ultrastructure</subject><subject>Biomarkers - analysis</subject><subject>human</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</subject><subject>Immunohistochemistry - methods</subject><subject>Macaca</subject><subject>Membrane Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Microscopy, Confocal</subject><subject>monkey</subject><subject>Motor Neurons - cytology</subject><subject>myotendinous cylinders</subject><subject>Nerve Endings - cytology</subject><subject>Nerve Tissue Proteins - analysis</subject><subject>Neurons, Afferent - cytology</subject><subject>Oculomotor Muscles - innervation</subject><subject>oculomotor proprioception</subject><subject>Proprioception</subject><subject>rat</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Reviews</subject><subject>Sheep</subject><subject>Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25</subject><issn>0021-8782</issn><issn>1469-7580</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqNUdtu1DAQtRCILoVfQH7iLek4tnORENKqKhRU0YrLs-XYk-KVkxR7s2ze-AS-kS_BYVcF3piXGWnOnDkzhxDKIGcpzjY5E2WTVbKGvACQOQCv6nz_gKzuGw_JCqBgWV3VxQl5EuMGgHFoxGNywmTFOQe-Ih9utHdRW6Q4WDfcRuoGivtt0KOZvA4UZ6T9FI3HSAPuUHu0tJ3px_frm5_ffxSSur6fhjGgNlu3c9v5KXnUaR_x2TGfks-vLz6dX2ZX12_enq-vMiOT2KyrCrS8E8I2oi1FK7XhjRVouJWptpK1rOOgJaAWbd0BBybRgBESW1GV_JS8OvDeTW2P1uCQVHt1F1yvw6xG7dS_ncF9UbfjTqXrmaiLRPDiSBDGrxPGrepdNOi9HnCcoiorUcoGFmB9AJowxhiwu1_CQC2GqI1a_q6Wv6vFEPXbELVPo8__Fvln8OhAArw8AL45j_N_E6t31-tU8F-UGJyH</recordid><startdate>200503</startdate><enddate>200503</enddate><creator>Eberhorn, Andreas C.</creator><creator>Horn, Anja K. E.</creator><creator>Eberhorn, Nicola</creator><creator>Fischer, Petra</creator><creator>Boergen, Klaus‐Peter</creator><creator>Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</creator><general>Blackwell Science Ltd</general><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200503</creationdate><title>Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity</title><author>Eberhorn, Andreas C. ; Horn, Anja K. E. ; Eberhorn, Nicola ; Fischer, Petra ; Boergen, Klaus‐Peter ; Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5378-f72ed3f44d94b64b5ac39d4ec3d55acd51b1f30a50ea4b8f03015ec0c45eb4763</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Autonomic Nervous System - anatomy & histology</topic><topic>Axons - ultrastructure</topic><topic>Biomarkers - analysis</topic><topic>human</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image Processing, Computer-Assisted</topic><topic>Immunohistochemistry - methods</topic><topic>Macaca</topic><topic>Membrane Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Microscopy, Confocal</topic><topic>monkey</topic><topic>Motor Neurons - cytology</topic><topic>myotendinous cylinders</topic><topic>Nerve Endings - cytology</topic><topic>Nerve Tissue Proteins - analysis</topic><topic>Neurons, Afferent - cytology</topic><topic>Oculomotor Muscles - innervation</topic><topic>oculomotor proprioception</topic><topic>Proprioception</topic><topic>rat</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Reviews</topic><topic>Sheep</topic><topic>Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Eberhorn, Andreas C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Horn, Anja K. E.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Eberhorn, Nicola</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Fischer, Petra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Boergen, Klaus‐Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of anatomy</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Eberhorn, Andreas C.</au><au>Horn, Anja K. E.</au><au>Eberhorn, Nicola</au><au>Fischer, Petra</au><au>Boergen, Klaus‐Peter</au><au>Büttner‐Ennever, Jean A.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity</atitle><jtitle>Journal of anatomy</jtitle><addtitle>J Anat</addtitle><date>2005-03</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>206</volume><issue>3</issue><spage>307</spage><epage>315</epage><pages>307-315</pages><issn>0021-8782</issn><eissn>1469-7580</eissn><abstract>Palisade endings form a cuff of nerve terminals around the tip of muscle fibres. They are found only in extraocular muscles, but no definite evidence for their role in eye movements has been established. Palisade endings have been reported in all species so far investigated except the rat. In this study we demonstrate that antibodies against SNAP‐25, the synaptosomal associated protein of 25 kDa, reliably visualize the complete motor, sensory and autonomic innervation of the extraocular muscles in human, monkey and rat. The SNAP‐25 antibody can be combined with other immunofluorescence procedures, and is used here to study properties of palisade endings. With SNAP‐25 immunolabelling putative palisade endings are identified in the rat for the first time. They are not well branched, but fulfil several criteria of palisade endings, being associated with non‐twitch fibres as shown by double labelling with ‘myosin heavy chain slow‐twitch’ antibodies. The putative palisade endings of the rat lack α‐bungarotoxin binding, which implies that these synapses are sensory. If palisade endings are sensory then they could function as an eye muscle proprioceptor. They seem to be a general feature of all vertebrate eye muscles, unlike the other two extraocular proprioceptors, muscle spindles and Golgi tendon organs, the presence of which varies widely between species.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Science Ltd</pub><pmid>15733303</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1469-7580.2005.00378.x</doi><tpages>9</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Animals Autonomic Nervous System - anatomy & histology Axons - ultrastructure Biomarkers - analysis human Humans Image Processing, Computer-Assisted Immunohistochemistry - methods Macaca Membrane Proteins - analysis Microscopy, Confocal monkey Motor Neurons - cytology myotendinous cylinders Nerve Endings - cytology Nerve Tissue Proteins - analysis Neurons, Afferent - cytology Oculomotor Muscles - innervation oculomotor proprioception Proprioception rat Rats Reviews Sheep Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 |
| title | Palisade endings in extraocular eye muscles revealed by SNAP‐25 immunoreactivity |
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