Income inequality and homicide rates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
This study determined the effect of income inequality on homicide rates in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We conducted an ecological study at 2 geographical levels, municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and administrative regions in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The association b...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of public health (1971) 1999-06, Vol.89 (6), p.845-850 |
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| container_title | American journal of public health (1971) |
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| creator | Szwarcwald, C L Bastos, F I Viacava, F de Andrade, C L |
| description | This study determined the effect of income inequality on homicide rates in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
We conducted an ecological study at 2 geographical levels, municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and administrative regions in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The association between homicide and income inequality was tested by multiple regression procedures, with adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators.
For the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro State, no association between homicide and income concentration was found an outcome that can be explained by the municipalities' different degrees of urbanization. However, for the administrative regions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the 2 income inequality indicators were strongly correlated with the outcome variable (P < .01). Higher homicide rates were found precisely in the sector of the city that has the greatest concentration of slum residents and the highest degree of income inequality.
The findings suggest that social policies specifically aimed at low-income urban youth, particularly programs to reduce the harmful effects of relative deprivation, may have an important impact on the homicide rate. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2105/AJPH.89.6.845 |
| format | Article |
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We conducted an ecological study at 2 geographical levels, municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and administrative regions in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The association between homicide and income inequality was tested by multiple regression procedures, with adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators.
For the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro State, no association between homicide and income concentration was found an outcome that can be explained by the municipalities' different degrees of urbanization. However, for the administrative regions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the 2 income inequality indicators were strongly correlated with the outcome variable (P < .01). Higher homicide rates were found precisely in the sector of the city that has the greatest concentration of slum residents and the highest degree of income inequality.
The findings suggest that social policies specifically aimed at low-income urban youth, particularly programs to reduce the harmful effects of relative deprivation, may have an important impact on the homicide rate.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-0036</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-0048</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.89.6.845</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10358673</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPEAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Am Public Health Assoc</publisher><subject><![CDATA[Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Biological and medical sciences ; Brazil ; Brazil - epidemiology ; Criminal statistics ; Economic activity ; Educational Status ; Female ; Homicide ; Homicide - prevention & control ; Homicide - statistics & numerical data ; Households ; Humans ; Income - statistics & numerical data ; Income distribution ; Income inequalities ; Income inequality ; Life expectancy ; Male ; Medical sciences ; Minimum wage ; Miscellaneous ; Mortality ; Multivariate Analysis ; Municipalities ; Murders & murder attempts ; Population ; Population Density ; Population Surveillance ; Poverty - prevention & control ; Poverty - statistics & numerical data ; Prevention and actions ; Public health ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Rates ; Regression Analysis ; Relationship ; Relative deprivation ; Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data ; Rio de Janeiro ; Sex Distribution ; Social policy ; Socioeconomic factors ; Statistical methods ; Tourism ; Trends ; Tropical medicine ; Urban Health ; Urbanization ; Violence ; Wage differential]]></subject><ispartof>American journal of public health (1971), 1999-06, Vol.89 (6), p.845-850</ispartof><rights>1999 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Public Health Association Jun 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-d419b847646efd034e8998667ec143ab56c80183a0fac06f26353ecbd05b904c3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-d419b847646efd034e8998667ec143ab56c80183a0fac06f26353ecbd05b904c3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508636/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1508636/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27866,27924,27925,31000,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=1804799$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10358673$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Szwarcwald, C L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bastos, F I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Viacava, F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>de Andrade, C L</creatorcontrib><title>Income inequality and homicide rates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</title><title>American journal of public health (1971)</title><addtitle>Am J Public Health</addtitle><description>This study determined the effect of income inequality on homicide rates in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
We conducted an ecological study at 2 geographical levels, municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and administrative regions in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The association between homicide and income inequality was tested by multiple regression procedures, with adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators.
For the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro State, no association between homicide and income concentration was found an outcome that can be explained by the municipalities' different degrees of urbanization. However, for the administrative regions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the 2 income inequality indicators were strongly correlated with the outcome variable (P < .01). Higher homicide rates were found precisely in the sector of the city that has the greatest concentration of slum residents and the highest degree of income inequality.
The findings suggest that social policies specifically aimed at low-income urban youth, particularly programs to reduce the harmful effects of relative deprivation, may have an important impact on the homicide rate.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Age Distribution</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Brazil</subject><subject>Brazil - epidemiology</subject><subject>Criminal statistics</subject><subject>Economic activity</subject><subject>Educational Status</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Homicide</subject><subject>Homicide - prevention & control</subject><subject>Homicide - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Income - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Income distribution</subject><subject>Income inequalities</subject><subject>Income inequality</subject><subject>Life expectancy</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Minimum wage</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Mortality</subject><subject>Multivariate Analysis</subject><subject>Municipalities</subject><subject>Murders & murder attempts</subject><subject>Population</subject><subject>Population Density</subject><subject>Population Surveillance</subject><subject>Poverty - prevention & control</subject><subject>Poverty - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Prevention and actions</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public health. 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Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>American journal of public health (1971)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Szwarcwald, C L</au><au>Bastos, F I</au><au>Viacava, F</au><au>de Andrade, C L</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Income inequality and homicide rates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil</atitle><jtitle>American journal of public health (1971)</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Public Health</addtitle><date>1999-06-01</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>89</volume><issue>6</issue><spage>845</spage><epage>850</epage><pages>845-850</pages><issn>0090-0036</issn><eissn>1541-0048</eissn><coden>AJPEAG</coden><abstract>This study determined the effect of income inequality on homicide rates in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
We conducted an ecological study at 2 geographical levels, municipalities in the state of Rio de Janeiro and administrative regions in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro. The association between homicide and income inequality was tested by multiple regression procedures, with adjustment for other socioeconomic indicators.
For the municipalities of Rio de Janeiro State, no association between homicide and income concentration was found an outcome that can be explained by the municipalities' different degrees of urbanization. However, for the administrative regions in the city of Rio de Janeiro, the 2 income inequality indicators were strongly correlated with the outcome variable (P < .01). Higher homicide rates were found precisely in the sector of the city that has the greatest concentration of slum residents and the highest degree of income inequality.
The findings suggest that social policies specifically aimed at low-income urban youth, particularly programs to reduce the harmful effects of relative deprivation, may have an important impact on the homicide rate.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Am Public Health Assoc</pub><pmid>10358673</pmid><doi>10.2105/AJPH.89.6.845</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | American journal of public health (1971), 1999-06, Vol.89 (6), p.845-850 |
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| source | MEDLINE; PAIS Index; EBSCOhost Business Source Complete; Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); EBSCOhost Education Source; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Adolescent Adult Age Distribution Biological and medical sciences Brazil Brazil - epidemiology Criminal statistics Economic activity Educational Status Female Homicide Homicide - prevention & control Homicide - statistics & numerical data Households Humans Income - statistics & numerical data Income distribution Income inequalities Income inequality Life expectancy Male Medical sciences Minimum wage Miscellaneous Mortality Multivariate Analysis Municipalities Murders & murder attempts Population Population Density Population Surveillance Poverty - prevention & control Poverty - statistics & numerical data Prevention and actions Public health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Rates Regression Analysis Relationship Relative deprivation Residence Characteristics - statistics & numerical data Rio de Janeiro Sex Distribution Social policy Socioeconomic factors Statistical methods Tourism Trends Tropical medicine Urban Health Urbanization Violence Wage differential |
| title | Income inequality and homicide rates in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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