Suitability of S-Phenyl Mercapturic Acid and trans-trans-Muconic Acid as Biomarkers for Exposure to Low Concentrations of Benzene

Phenol is not reliable as a biomarker for exposure to benzene at concentrations below 5 ppm (8-hr time-weighted average [TWA]). S-Phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans-trans-muconic acid (tt-MA), two minor urinary metabolites of benzene, have been proposed as biomarkers for low-level exposures. T...

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Veröffentlicht in:	Environmental health perspectives 1996-12, Vol.104 (Suppl 6), p.1151-1157
Hauptverfasser:	Boogaard, Pieter J., van Sittert, Nico J.
Format:	Artikel
Sprache:	eng
Schlagworte:	Acetylcysteine - analogs & derivatives Acetylcysteine - urine Air Pollutants, Occupational - analysis Air Pollutants, Occupational - toxicity Benzene - analysis Benzene - toxicity Biological markers Biomarkers - urine Case-Control Studies Chemical hazards Cigarette smoking Environmental assessment Environmental health Environmental Monitoring - methods Evaluation Studies as Topic Excretion Exposure Assessment Half lives Humans Kinetics Metabolites Occupational Exposure - adverse effects Occupational Exposure - analysis Phenols Sorbic Acid - analogs & derivatives Sorbic Acid - analysis Urine
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