Linkage Disequilibrium and Recent Selection at Three Immunity Receptor Loci in Drosophila simulans
Immune system genes in a California population sample of Drosophila simulans were shown to bear several hallmarks of the effects of past directional selection. One potential effect of directional selection is an increase in linkage disequilibrium among the polymorphic sites that are linked to the si...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Genetics (Austin) 2005-04, Vol.169 (4), p.2013-2022 |
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| creator | Schlenke, Todd A Begun, David J |
| description | Immune system genes in a California population sample of Drosophila simulans were shown to bear several hallmarks of the effects of past directional selection. One potential effect of directional selection is an increase in linkage disequilibrium among the polymorphic sites that are linked to the site under selection. In this study, we focus on three D. simulans immunity loci, Hmu, Sr-CI/Sr-CIII, and Tehao, for which the polymorphic sites are in nearly perfect linkage disequilibrium, an unusual finding even with respect to other immunity genes sampled from the same lines. The most likely explanation for this finding is that, at each locus, two divergent alleles have been selected to intermediate frequencies in the recent past. The extent to which the linkage disequilibrium extends to the flanks of each of the immunity genes is minimal, suggesting that the favored mutations actually occurred within the immunity genes themselves. Furthermore, the excess linkage disequilibrium found in the California population is not found in an African D. simulans population sample and may be a result of novel pathogen-mediated selection pressures encountered during establishment of non-African populations. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1534/genetics.104.035337 |
| format | Article |
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One potential effect of directional selection is an increase in linkage disequilibrium among the polymorphic sites that are linked to the site under selection. In this study, we focus on three D. simulans immunity loci, Hmu, Sr-CI/Sr-CIII, and Tehao, for which the polymorphic sites are in nearly perfect linkage disequilibrium, an unusual finding even with respect to other immunity genes sampled from the same lines. The most likely explanation for this finding is that, at each locus, two divergent alleles have been selected to intermediate frequencies in the recent past. The extent to which the linkage disequilibrium extends to the flanks of each of the immunity genes is minimal, suggesting that the favored mutations actually occurred within the immunity genes themselves. Furthermore, the excess linkage disequilibrium found in the California population is not found in an African D. simulans population sample and may be a result of novel pathogen-mediated selection pressures encountered during establishment of non-African populations.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0016-6731</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1943-2631</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1534/genetics.104.035337</identifier><identifier>PMID: 15654108</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>United States: Genetics Soc America</publisher><subject>Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosome Mapping ; Crosses, Genetic ; Drosophila ; Drosophila melanogaster - genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster - immunology ; Drosophila Proteins - genetics ; Drosophila simulans ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Heterozygote ; Immune System ; Investigations ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics ; Models, Genetic ; Models, Statistical ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mucins - genetics ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics ; Receptors, Immunologic - genetics ; Receptors, Scavenger ; Selection, Genetic ; Species Specificity ; Time Factors ; Toll-Like Receptor 5 ; Toll-Like Receptors</subject><ispartof>Genetics (Austin), 2005-04, Vol.169 (4), p.2013-2022</ispartof><rights>Copyright © 2005, Genetics Society of America 2005</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><link.rule.ids>230,314,780,784,885,27924,27925</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15654108$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Schlenke, Todd A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Begun, David J</creatorcontrib><title>Linkage Disequilibrium and Recent Selection at Three Immunity Receptor Loci in Drosophila simulans</title><title>Genetics (Austin)</title><addtitle>Genetics</addtitle><description>Immune system genes in a California population sample of Drosophila simulans were shown to bear several hallmarks of the effects of past directional selection. One potential effect of directional selection is an increase in linkage disequilibrium among the polymorphic sites that are linked to the site under selection. In this study, we focus on three D. simulans immunity loci, Hmu, Sr-CI/Sr-CIII, and Tehao, for which the polymorphic sites are in nearly perfect linkage disequilibrium, an unusual finding even with respect to other immunity genes sampled from the same lines. The most likely explanation for this finding is that, at each locus, two divergent alleles have been selected to intermediate frequencies in the recent past. The extent to which the linkage disequilibrium extends to the flanks of each of the immunity genes is minimal, suggesting that the favored mutations actually occurred within the immunity genes themselves. Furthermore, the excess linkage disequilibrium found in the California population is not found in an African D. simulans population sample and may be a result of novel pathogen-mediated selection pressures encountered during establishment of non-African populations.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Base Sequence</subject><subject>Chromosome Mapping</subject><subject>Crosses, Genetic</subject><subject>Drosophila</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - genetics</subject><subject>Drosophila melanogaster - immunology</subject><subject>Drosophila Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Drosophila simulans</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Gene Frequency</subject><subject>Genetic Linkage</subject><subject>Heterozygote</subject><subject>Immune System</subject><subject>Investigations</subject><subject>Linkage Disequilibrium</subject><subject>Loss of Heterozygosity</subject><subject>Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics</subject><subject>Models, Genetic</subject><subject>Models, Statistical</subject><subject>Molecular Sequence Data</subject><subject>Mucins - genetics</subject><subject>Mutation</subject><subject>Polymorphism, Genetic</subject><subject>Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Immunologic - genetics</subject><subject>Receptors, Scavenger</subject><subject>Selection, Genetic</subject><subject>Species Specificity</subject><subject>Time Factors</subject><subject>Toll-Like Receptor 5</subject><subject>Toll-Like Receptors</subject><issn>0016-6731</issn><issn>1943-2631</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2005</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkU1v1DAQhi0EotvCL0BCPsEpi53xR3JBQi2USitVasvZcpzpxuDYWzvpqv-e9AMEp57mMI_eeWaGkHecrbkE8WmLESfvypozsWYgAfQLsuKtgKpWwF-SFWNcVUoDPyCHpfxkjKlWNq_JAZdKCs6aFek2Pv6yW6QnvuDN7IPvsp9HamNPL9BhnOglBnSTT5HaiV4NGZGejeMc_XT3gOymlOkmOU99pCc5lbQbfLC0-HEONpY35NW1DQXfPtUj8uPb16vj79Xm_PTs-MumGkA2U-XAOal130oru060mlkQVjgA2dfcuq7DxrG6l1IjdLXQKDhHJgAUu3bcwhH5_Ji7m7sR-3v3bIPZZT_afGeS9eb_TvSD2aZbw4VYzqKWgA9PATndzFgmM_riMCxLYJqLUbphtRD1syBvpYa6kc-DWgJrHka__9f9r_SfRy3Ax0dg8Nth7zOaMtoQFpyb_X7PVWuEqRkH-A2A5aZ_</recordid><startdate>20050401</startdate><enddate>20050401</enddate><creator>Schlenke, Todd A</creator><creator>Begun, David J</creator><general>Genetics Soc America</general><general>Genetics Society of America</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>7SS</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20050401</creationdate><title>Linkage Disequilibrium and Recent Selection at Three Immunity Receptor Loci in Drosophila simulans</title><author>Schlenke, Todd A ; Begun, David J</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-h358t-c3cc577d95a5bb4970a34a4c335d21acbbe8c02d557e3b247e411e043360fc1a3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2005</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Base Sequence</topic><topic>Chromosome Mapping</topic><topic>Crosses, Genetic</topic><topic>Drosophila</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - genetics</topic><topic>Drosophila melanogaster - immunology</topic><topic>Drosophila Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Drosophila simulans</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Gene Frequency</topic><topic>Genetic Linkage</topic><topic>Heterozygote</topic><topic>Immune System</topic><topic>Investigations</topic><topic>Linkage Disequilibrium</topic><topic>Loss of Heterozygosity</topic><topic>Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics</topic><topic>Models, Genetic</topic><topic>Models, Statistical</topic><topic>Molecular Sequence Data</topic><topic>Mucins - genetics</topic><topic>Mutation</topic><topic>Polymorphism, Genetic</topic><topic>Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Immunologic - genetics</topic><topic>Receptors, Scavenger</topic><topic>Selection, Genetic</topic><topic>Species Specificity</topic><topic>Time Factors</topic><topic>Toll-Like Receptor 5</topic><topic>Toll-Like Receptors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Schlenke, Todd A</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Begun, David J</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Entomology Abstracts (Full archive)</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>Immunology Abstracts</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Genetics (Austin)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Schlenke, Todd A</au><au>Begun, David J</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Linkage Disequilibrium and Recent Selection at Three Immunity Receptor Loci in Drosophila simulans</atitle><jtitle>Genetics (Austin)</jtitle><addtitle>Genetics</addtitle><date>2005-04-01</date><risdate>2005</risdate><volume>169</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>2013</spage><epage>2022</epage><pages>2013-2022</pages><issn>0016-6731</issn><eissn>1943-2631</eissn><abstract>Immune system genes in a California population sample of Drosophila simulans were shown to bear several hallmarks of the effects of past directional selection. One potential effect of directional selection is an increase in linkage disequilibrium among the polymorphic sites that are linked to the site under selection. In this study, we focus on three D. simulans immunity loci, Hmu, Sr-CI/Sr-CIII, and Tehao, for which the polymorphic sites are in nearly perfect linkage disequilibrium, an unusual finding even with respect to other immunity genes sampled from the same lines. The most likely explanation for this finding is that, at each locus, two divergent alleles have been selected to intermediate frequencies in the recent past. The extent to which the linkage disequilibrium extends to the flanks of each of the immunity genes is minimal, suggesting that the favored mutations actually occurred within the immunity genes themselves. Furthermore, the excess linkage disequilibrium found in the California population is not found in an African D. simulans population sample and may be a result of novel pathogen-mediated selection pressures encountered during establishment of non-African populations.</abstract><cop>United States</cop><pub>Genetics Soc America</pub><pmid>15654108</pmid><doi>10.1534/genetics.104.035337</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Oxford University Press Journals All Titles (1996-Current); EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Alma/SFX Local Collection |
| subjects | Animals Base Sequence Chromosome Mapping Crosses, Genetic Drosophila Drosophila melanogaster - genetics Drosophila melanogaster - immunology Drosophila Proteins - genetics Drosophila simulans Female Gene Frequency Genetic Linkage Heterozygote Immune System Investigations Linkage Disequilibrium Loss of Heterozygosity Membrane Glycoproteins - genetics Models, Genetic Models, Statistical Molecular Sequence Data Mucins - genetics Mutation Polymorphism, Genetic Receptors, Cell Surface - genetics Receptors, Immunologic - genetics Receptors, Scavenger Selection, Genetic Species Specificity Time Factors Toll-Like Receptor 5 Toll-Like Receptors |
| title | Linkage Disequilibrium and Recent Selection at Three Immunity Receptor Loci in Drosophila simulans |
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