Calcium domains associated with individual channels can account for anomalous voltage relations of CA-dependent responses

Computer-assisted modeling of calcium influx through voltage-activated membrane channels predicted that buffer-limited elevation of cytoplasmic free calcium ion concentration occurs within microscopic hemispherical "domains" centered upon the active Ca channels. With increasing depolarization, the number of activated channels, and hence the number of Ca domains, should increase; the single-channel current should, however, decrease, thereby decreasing Ca2+ accumulation in each domain relative to the macroscopic current. Such voltage dependence of the microscopic distribution of Ca2+ may influence relations between total Ca2+ entry and Ca-dependent processes. Ca-mediated inactivation of Ca channels in Aplysia neurons exhibits behavior consistent with the calcium domain hypothesis.