CHAINING AND SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT BASED ON ESCAPE FROM SHOCK
Three white rats were trained to press a bar while being shocked. This produced a white noise. After 30 sec they were allowed to terminate both the shock and the noise by nosing a pigeon key. Comparison of the rates of pressing before and after the onset of the noise indicated that the noise itself...
Gespeichert in:
| Veröffentlicht in: | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 1963-01, Vol.6 (1), p.75-80 |
|---|---|
| Hauptverfasser: | , |
| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | eng |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online-Zugang: | Volltext |
| Tags: |
Tag hinzufügen
Keine Tags, Fügen Sie den ersten Tag hinzu!
|
| container_end_page | 80 |
|---|---|
| container_issue | 1 |
| container_start_page | 75 |
| container_title | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior |
| container_volume | 6 |
| creator | Dinsmoor, James A. Clayton, Marilyn H. |
| description | Three white rats were trained to press a bar while being shocked. This produced a white noise. After 30 sec they were allowed to terminate both the shock and the noise by nosing a pigeon key. Comparison of the rates of pressing before and after the onset of the noise indicated that the noise itself was the immediate reinforcing agent for pressing. Furthermore, control tests showed that pressing was maintained only if it produced the noise: either omission of the noise or elimination of the dependency of the noise on the occurrence of the response led to a gradual abolition of pressing. When automatic termination of the shock was substituted for the key nosing requirement, however, only the key nosing extinguished. This indicated that the effectiveness of the noise as a reinforcer did not depend on its status as a discriminative stimulus for some other form of operant behavior. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-75 |
| format | Article |
| fullrecord | <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1404226</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>1311422576</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-i243t-82dc1d3988fd7dacaadec78c81a1578c7431af699fa894d4e71125766edf2f6c3</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNpdkFFPgzAUhRujcXP66qMhMfGNSVtoy4uGMcaIGxiYUZ-aDooyN5gwjP57m2wu6ss9N7lfTs65AJxDow9tA14vpJirjeA-0al1ALrQxkzHFMJD0DUMhHRLzQ44aZqFWmxC0THoQNNA1Ga4C27dsROEQehrTjjUEs-NwqETP2uxF4SjKHa9qRfOtIGTeEMtCjUvcZ17TxvF0VRLxpF7dwqOcrFs5NlOe-Bh5M3csT6J_MB1JnqBTLzRGcpSmGGbsTyjmUiFyGRKWcqggJZSamIocmLbuWC2mZlSFUAWJURmOcpJinvgZuu7bucrmaWy3NRiydd1sRL1F69Ewf9eyuKVv1QfXFU1ESLK4GpnUFfvrWw2fFU0qVwuRSmrtuEMQ2paFlbg5T9wUbV1qcpxiCFUZiqXoi5-59kH-fmsAvQtUDQb-bm_i_qNE4qpxR9Dn7v-bDDFscmf8De7j4QS</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>1311422576</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>CHAINING AND SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT BASED ON ESCAPE FROM SHOCK</title><source>MEDLINE</source><source>Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals</source><source>PubMed Central</source><source>Periodicals Index Online</source><creator>Dinsmoor, James A. ; Clayton, Marilyn H.</creator><creatorcontrib>Dinsmoor, James A. ; Clayton, Marilyn H.</creatorcontrib><description>Three white rats were trained to press a bar while being shocked. This produced a white noise. After 30 sec they were allowed to terminate both the shock and the noise by nosing a pigeon key. Comparison of the rates of pressing before and after the onset of the noise indicated that the noise itself was the immediate reinforcing agent for pressing. Furthermore, control tests showed that pressing was maintained only if it produced the noise: either omission of the noise or elimination of the dependency of the noise on the occurrence of the response led to a gradual abolition of pressing. When automatic termination of the shock was substituted for the key nosing requirement, however, only the key nosing extinguished. This indicated that the effectiveness of the noise as a reinforcer did not depend on its status as a discriminative stimulus for some other form of operant behavior.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0022-5002</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1938-3711</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1963.6-75</identifier><identifier>PMID: 14027983</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Animals ; Avoidance Learning ; Noise ; Old Medline ; Rats ; Reinforcement (Psychology)</subject><ispartof>Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1963-01, Vol.6 (1), p.75-80</ispartof><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1404226/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1404226/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27846,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/14027983$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Dinsmoor, James A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clayton, Marilyn H.</creatorcontrib><title>CHAINING AND SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT BASED ON ESCAPE FROM SHOCK</title><title>Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior</title><addtitle>J Exp Anal Behav</addtitle><description>Three white rats were trained to press a bar while being shocked. This produced a white noise. After 30 sec they were allowed to terminate both the shock and the noise by nosing a pigeon key. Comparison of the rates of pressing before and after the onset of the noise indicated that the noise itself was the immediate reinforcing agent for pressing. Furthermore, control tests showed that pressing was maintained only if it produced the noise: either omission of the noise or elimination of the dependency of the noise on the occurrence of the response led to a gradual abolition of pressing. When automatic termination of the shock was substituted for the key nosing requirement, however, only the key nosing extinguished. This indicated that the effectiveness of the noise as a reinforcer did not depend on its status as a discriminative stimulus for some other form of operant behavior.</description><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Avoidance Learning</subject><subject>Noise</subject><subject>Old Medline</subject><subject>Rats</subject><subject>Reinforcement (Psychology)</subject><issn>0022-5002</issn><issn>1938-3711</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1963</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>K30</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkFFPgzAUhRujcXP66qMhMfGNSVtoy4uGMcaIGxiYUZ-aDooyN5gwjP57m2wu6ss9N7lfTs65AJxDow9tA14vpJirjeA-0al1ALrQxkzHFMJD0DUMhHRLzQ44aZqFWmxC0THoQNNA1Ga4C27dsROEQehrTjjUEs-NwqETP2uxF4SjKHa9qRfOtIGTeEMtCjUvcZ17TxvF0VRLxpF7dwqOcrFs5NlOe-Bh5M3csT6J_MB1JnqBTLzRGcpSmGGbsTyjmUiFyGRKWcqggJZSamIocmLbuWC2mZlSFUAWJURmOcpJinvgZuu7bucrmaWy3NRiydd1sRL1F69Ewf9eyuKVv1QfXFU1ESLK4GpnUFfvrWw2fFU0qVwuRSmrtuEMQ2paFlbg5T9wUbV1qcpxiCFUZiqXoi5-59kH-fmsAvQtUDQb-bm_i_qNE4qpxR9Dn7v-bDDFscmf8De7j4QS</recordid><startdate>196301</startdate><enddate>196301</enddate><creator>Dinsmoor, James A.</creator><creator>Clayton, Marilyn H.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Society for the Experimental Analysis of Behavior</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>JTYFY</scope><scope>K30</scope><scope>PAAUG</scope><scope>PAWHS</scope><scope>PAWZZ</scope><scope>PAXOH</scope><scope>PBHAV</scope><scope>PBQSW</scope><scope>PBYQZ</scope><scope>PCIWU</scope><scope>PCMID</scope><scope>PCZJX</scope><scope>PDGRG</scope><scope>PDWWI</scope><scope>PETMR</scope><scope>PFVGT</scope><scope>PGXDX</scope><scope>PIHIL</scope><scope>PISVA</scope><scope>PJCTQ</scope><scope>PJTMS</scope><scope>PLCHJ</scope><scope>PMHAD</scope><scope>PNQDJ</scope><scope>POUND</scope><scope>PPLAD</scope><scope>PQAPC</scope><scope>PQCAN</scope><scope>PQCMW</scope><scope>PQEME</scope><scope>PQHKH</scope><scope>PQMID</scope><scope>PQNCT</scope><scope>PQNET</scope><scope>PQSCT</scope><scope>PQSET</scope><scope>PSVJG</scope><scope>PVMQY</scope><scope>PZGFC</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>196301</creationdate><title>CHAINING AND SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT BASED ON ESCAPE FROM SHOCK</title><author>Dinsmoor, James A. ; Clayton, Marilyn H.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-i243t-82dc1d3988fd7dacaadec78c81a1578c7431af699fa894d4e71125766edf2f6c3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1963</creationdate><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Avoidance Learning</topic><topic>Noise</topic><topic>Old Medline</topic><topic>Rats</topic><topic>Reinforcement (Psychology)</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Dinsmoor, James A.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clayton, Marilyn H.</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segment 37</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - International</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - West</collection><collection>Periodicals Index Online Segments 1-50</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - MEA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Canada</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - West</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - EMEALA</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Midwest</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - North Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Northeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - South Central</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access & Build (Plan A) - Southeast</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access (Plan D) - UK / I</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - APAC</collection><collection>Primary Sources Access—Foundation Edition (Plan E) - MEA</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Dinsmoor, James A.</au><au>Clayton, Marilyn H.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>CHAINING AND SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT BASED ON ESCAPE FROM SHOCK</atitle><jtitle>Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior</jtitle><addtitle>J Exp Anal Behav</addtitle><date>1963-01</date><risdate>1963</risdate><volume>6</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>75</spage><epage>80</epage><pages>75-80</pages><issn>0022-5002</issn><eissn>1938-3711</eissn><abstract>Three white rats were trained to press a bar while being shocked. This produced a white noise. After 30 sec they were allowed to terminate both the shock and the noise by nosing a pigeon key. Comparison of the rates of pressing before and after the onset of the noise indicated that the noise itself was the immediate reinforcing agent for pressing. Furthermore, control tests showed that pressing was maintained only if it produced the noise: either omission of the noise or elimination of the dependency of the noise on the occurrence of the response led to a gradual abolition of pressing. When automatic termination of the shock was substituted for the key nosing requirement, however, only the key nosing extinguished. This indicated that the effectiveness of the noise as a reinforcer did not depend on its status as a discriminative stimulus for some other form of operant behavior.</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>14027983</pmid><doi>10.1901/jeab.1963.6-75</doi><tpages>6</tpages></addata></record> |
| fulltext | fulltext |
| identifier | ISSN: 0022-5002 |
| ispartof | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior, 1963-01, Vol.6 (1), p.75-80 |
| issn | 0022-5002 1938-3711 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1404226 |
| source | MEDLINE; Elektronische Zeitschriftenbibliothek - Frei zugängliche E-Journals; PubMed Central; Periodicals Index Online |
| subjects | Animals Avoidance Learning Noise Old Medline Rats Reinforcement (Psychology) |
| title | CHAINING AND SECONDARY REINFORCEMENT BASED ON ESCAPE FROM SHOCK |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-15T02%3A58%3A50IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=CHAINING%20AND%20SECONDARY%20REINFORCEMENT%20BASED%20ON%20ESCAPE%20FROM%20SHOCK&rft.jtitle=Journal%20of%20the%20experimental%20analysis%20of%20behavior&rft.au=Dinsmoor,%20James%20A.&rft.date=1963-01&rft.volume=6&rft.issue=1&rft.spage=75&rft.epage=80&rft.pages=75-80&rft.issn=0022-5002&rft.eissn=1938-3711&rft_id=info:doi/10.1901/jeab.1963.6-75&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E1311422576%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=1311422576&rft_id=info:pmid/14027983&rfr_iscdi=true |