A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order
Objective. A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. Methods. A survey of household memb...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | American journal of public health (1971) 1997-04, Vol.87 (4), p.580-584 |
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| container_title | American journal of public health (1971) |
| container_volume | 87 |
| creator | Angulo, F J Tippen, S Sharp, D J Payne, B J Collier, C Hill, J E Barrett, T J Clark, R M Geldreich, E E Donnell, H D, Jr Swerdlow, D L |
| description | Objective. A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. Methods. A survey of household members in Gideon and the surrounding township produced information on diarrheal illness, water consumption, and compliance with the boil water order. Results. More than 650 persons were ill; 15 were hospitalized, and 7 died. Persons consuming city water were more likely to be ill (relative risk [RR]+9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 29, 28.4), and the attack rate increased with increased water consumption. S. typhimurium was recovered from samples from a city fire hydrant and a water storage tower. Persons in 31% (30/98) of city households had drunk unboiled water after being informed about the boil water order, including 14 individuals who subsequently became ill. Reasons for noncompliance included "not remembering" (44%) and "disbelieving" (25%) the order. Conclusions. Communities with deteriorating water systems risk wide-spread illness unless water supplies are properly operated and maintained. Effective education to improve compliance during boil water orders is needed. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.2105/AJPH.87.4.580 |
| format | Article |
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Faculty of Graduate Studies</creatorcontrib><description>Objective. A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. Methods. A survey of household members in Gideon and the surrounding township produced information on diarrheal illness, water consumption, and compliance with the boil water order. Results. More than 650 persons were ill; 15 were hospitalized, and 7 died. Persons consuming city water were more likely to be ill (relative risk [RR]+9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 29, 28.4), and the attack rate increased with increased water consumption. S. typhimurium was recovered from samples from a city fire hydrant and a water storage tower. Persons in 31% (30/98) of city households had drunk unboiled water after being informed about the boil water order, including 14 individuals who subsequently became ill. Reasons for noncompliance included "not remembering" (44%) and "disbelieving" (25%) the order. Conclusions. Communities with deteriorating water systems risk wide-spread illness unless water supplies are properly operated and maintained. Effective education to improve compliance during boil water orders is needed.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0090-0036</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1541-0048</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.87.4.580</identifier><identifier>PMID: 9146435</identifier><identifier>CODEN: AJPEAG</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Washington, DC: Am Public Health Assoc</publisher><subject>abastecimiento de agua ; Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding ; approvisionnement en eau ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen ; Biological and medical sciences ; Boiling ; calidad del agua ; Campylobacter ; Censuses ; Compliance ; contaminacion ; Contaminated water ; Contamination ; Data Collection ; Diarrhea ; Drinking water ; Environment. Living conditions ; Environmental protection ; Epidemics ; Gastroenteritis ; Gastroenteritis - microbiology ; Gastroenteritis - prevention & control ; Health Education ; Health warnings ; Hospitalization ; Households ; Human bacterial diseases ; Humans ; Illnesses ; Infections ; Infectious diseases ; Management ; Medical laboratories ; Medical sciences ; Missouri ; Natural resources ; Nursing homes ; Public health ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; qualite de l' eau ; Salmonella ; Salmonella Infections - prevention & control ; Salmonella Infections - transmission ; Salmonella typhimurium - isolation & purification ; salmonellose ; salmonellosis ; salmonelosis ; Water Microbiology ; water quality ; Water supply ; Water Supply - standards</subject><ispartof>American journal of public health (1971), 1997-04, Vol.87 (4), p.580-584</ispartof><rights>1997 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright American Public Health Association Apr 1997</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-1513fa3d4246a670b09d8e4030a827b256d85dd81bc5f2f4a54703cb3e351eaa3</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-1513fa3d4246a670b09d8e4030a827b256d85dd81bc5f2f4a54703cb3e351eaa3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380836/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1380836/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27843,27901,27902,30977,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=2665137$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9146435$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Angulo, F J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tippen, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharp, D J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, B J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collier, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, J E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrett, T J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, R M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geldreich, E E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donnell, H D, Jr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swerdlow, D L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, GA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan Univ., Amman (Jordan). Faculty of Graduate Studies</creatorcontrib><title>A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order</title><title>American journal of public health (1971)</title><addtitle>Am J Public Health</addtitle><description>Objective. A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. Methods. A survey of household members in Gideon and the surrounding township produced information on diarrheal illness, water consumption, and compliance with the boil water order. Results. More than 650 persons were ill; 15 were hospitalized, and 7 died. Persons consuming city water were more likely to be ill (relative risk [RR]+9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 29, 28.4), and the attack rate increased with increased water consumption. S. typhimurium was recovered from samples from a city fire hydrant and a water storage tower. Persons in 31% (30/98) of city households had drunk unboiled water after being informed about the boil water order, including 14 individuals who subsequently became ill. Reasons for noncompliance included "not remembering" (44%) and "disbelieving" (25%) the order. Conclusions. Communities with deteriorating water systems risk wide-spread illness unless water supplies are properly operated and maintained. Effective education to improve compliance during boil water orders is needed.</description><subject>abastecimiento de agua</subject><subject>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</subject><subject>approvisionnement en eau</subject><subject>Bacteria</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Boiling</subject><subject>calidad del agua</subject><subject>Campylobacter</subject><subject>Censuses</subject><subject>Compliance</subject><subject>contaminacion</subject><subject>Contaminated water</subject><subject>Contamination</subject><subject>Data Collection</subject><subject>Diarrhea</subject><subject>Drinking water</subject><subject>Environment. Living conditions</subject><subject>Environmental protection</subject><subject>Epidemics</subject><subject>Gastroenteritis</subject><subject>Gastroenteritis - microbiology</subject><subject>Gastroenteritis - prevention & control</subject><subject>Health Education</subject><subject>Health warnings</subject><subject>Hospitalization</subject><subject>Households</subject><subject>Human bacterial diseases</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Illnesses</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Infectious diseases</subject><subject>Management</subject><subject>Medical laboratories</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Missouri</subject><subject>Natural resources</subject><subject>Nursing homes</subject><subject>Public health</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>qualite de l' eau</subject><subject>Salmonella</subject><subject>Salmonella Infections - prevention & control</subject><subject>Salmonella Infections - transmission</subject><subject>Salmonella typhimurium - isolation & purification</subject><subject>salmonellose</subject><subject>salmonellosis</subject><subject>salmonelosis</subject><subject>Water Microbiology</subject><subject>water quality</subject><subject>Water supply</subject><subject>Water Supply - standards</subject><issn>0090-0036</issn><issn>1541-0048</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1997</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>7TQ</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>BEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFks-L1DAUx4Mo67h69KgEEW8dk-b3RRgWdZUFBd2bEF7bdJqxbcak3WX_ezPOMK5e5pTA-_BJ3ntfhJ5TsiwpEW9Xn79eLrVa8qXQ5AFaUMFpQQjXD9GCEEPyncnH6ElKG0IoNYKeoTNDueRMLNCPFa7DMMyjn-7wLUwuViGODod5qqKDnzi0OEE_hNH1fUg-YRgbPHUOu7Z19eRv3OhS2mGAq-D7vQSH2Lj4FD1qoU_u2eE8R9cf3n-_uCyuvnz8dLG6KmpZmqmggrIWWMNLLkEqUhHTaMcJI6BLVZVCNlo0jaZVLdqy5SC4IqyumGOCOgB2jt7tvdu5GlxTu3GK0Ntt9APEOxvA238ro-_sOtxYyjTRTGbBm4Mghl-zS5MdfKpzxzC6MCertNHCKHoSFEqVmRMnQao1l0ay06AU-Yt_jK_-AzdhjmOeqy2pIEYzsoOKPVTHkFJ07XEIlNhdXOwuLlYry22OS-Zf3J_ckT7kI9dfH-qQaujbCGPt0xErpcy7U3-b6Py6u_XR2TRA32cptbDZdvfee7kHWwgW1jG7rr9RYxTJfXIu2W_sst3z</recordid><startdate>19970401</startdate><enddate>19970401</enddate><creator>Angulo, F J</creator><creator>Tippen, S</creator><creator>Sharp, D J</creator><creator>Payne, B J</creator><creator>Collier, C</creator><creator>Hill, J E</creator><creator>Barrett, T J</creator><creator>Clark, R M</creator><creator>Geldreich, E E</creator><creator>Donnell, H D, Jr</creator><creator>Swerdlow, D L</creator><general>Am Public Health Assoc</general><general>American Public Health Association</general><scope>FBQ</scope><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>0-V</scope><scope>0U~</scope><scope>1-H</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TQ</scope><scope>7WY</scope><scope>7WZ</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>87Z</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>88J</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FL</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ALSLI</scope><scope>ATCPS</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BEZIV</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DHY</scope><scope>DON</scope><scope>DPSOV</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FRNLG</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>F~G</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K60</scope><scope>K6~</scope><scope>K9-</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>KC-</scope><scope>L.-</scope><scope>L.0</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0C</scope><scope>M0R</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2L</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M2R</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PATMY</scope><scope>PQBIZ</scope><scope>PQBZA</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>PYCSY</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>S0X</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T2</scope><scope>7TV</scope><scope>7U1</scope><scope>7U2</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19970401</creationdate><title>A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order</title><author>Angulo, F J ; Tippen, S ; Sharp, D J ; Payne, B J ; Collier, C ; Hill, J E ; Barrett, T J ; Clark, R M ; Geldreich, E E ; Donnell, H D, Jr ; Swerdlow, D L</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c629t-1513fa3d4246a670b09d8e4030a827b256d85dd81bc5f2f4a54703cb3e351eaa3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1997</creationdate><topic>abastecimiento de agua</topic><topic>Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding</topic><topic>approvisionnement en eau</topic><topic>Bacteria</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Boiling</topic><topic>calidad del agua</topic><topic>Campylobacter</topic><topic>Censuses</topic><topic>Compliance</topic><topic>contaminacion</topic><topic>Contaminated water</topic><topic>Contamination</topic><topic>Data Collection</topic><topic>Diarrhea</topic><topic>Drinking water</topic><topic>Environment. Living conditions</topic><topic>Environmental protection</topic><topic>Epidemics</topic><topic>Gastroenteritis</topic><topic>Gastroenteritis - microbiology</topic><topic>Gastroenteritis - prevention & control</topic><topic>Health Education</topic><topic>Health warnings</topic><topic>Hospitalization</topic><topic>Households</topic><topic>Human bacterial diseases</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Illnesses</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Infectious diseases</topic><topic>Management</topic><topic>Medical laboratories</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Missouri</topic><topic>Natural resources</topic><topic>Nursing homes</topic><topic>Public health</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene</topic><topic>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>qualite de l' eau</topic><topic>Salmonella</topic><topic>Salmonella Infections - prevention & control</topic><topic>Salmonella Infections - transmission</topic><topic>Salmonella typhimurium - isolation & purification</topic><topic>salmonellose</topic><topic>salmonellosis</topic><topic>salmonelosis</topic><topic>Water Microbiology</topic><topic>water quality</topic><topic>Water supply</topic><topic>Water Supply - standards</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Angulo, F J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tippen, S</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Sharp, D J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Payne, B J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Collier, C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hill, J E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Barrett, T J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Clark, R M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Geldreich, E E</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Donnell, H D, Jr</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Swerdlow, D L</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Centers for Disease Control Prevention, Atlanta, GA</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jordan Univ., Amman (Jordan). 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GA</aucorp><aucorp>Jordan Univ., Amman (Jordan). Faculty of Graduate Studies</aucorp><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order</atitle><jtitle>American journal of public health (1971)</jtitle><addtitle>Am J Public Health</addtitle><date>1997-04-01</date><risdate>1997</risdate><volume>87</volume><issue>4</issue><spage>580</spage><epage>584</epage><pages>580-584</pages><issn>0090-0036</issn><eissn>1541-0048</eissn><coden>AJPEAG</coden><abstract>Objective. A 1993 large water-borne outbreak of Salmonella typhimurium infections in Gideon, Mo, a city of 1100 with an unchlorinated community water supply, was investigated to determine the source of contamination and the effectiveness of an order to boil water. Methods. A survey of household members in Gideon and the surrounding township produced information on diarrheal illness, water consumption, and compliance with the boil water order. Results. More than 650 persons were ill; 15 were hospitalized, and 7 died. Persons consuming city water were more likely to be ill (relative risk [RR]+9.1, 95% confidence interval [CI] 29, 28.4), and the attack rate increased with increased water consumption. S. typhimurium was recovered from samples from a city fire hydrant and a water storage tower. Persons in 31% (30/98) of city households had drunk unboiled water after being informed about the boil water order, including 14 individuals who subsequently became ill. Reasons for noncompliance included "not remembering" (44%) and "disbelieving" (25%) the order. Conclusions. Communities with deteriorating water systems risk wide-spread illness unless water supplies are properly operated and maintained. Effective education to improve compliance during boil water orders is needed.</abstract><cop>Washington, DC</cop><pub>Am Public Health Assoc</pub><pmid>9146435</pmid><doi>10.2105/AJPH.87.4.580</doi><tpages>5</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0090-0036 |
| ispartof | American journal of public health (1971), 1997-04, Vol.87 (4), p.580-584 |
| issn | 0090-0036 1541-0048 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1380836 |
| source | Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA); MEDLINE; PAIS Index; PubMed Central; Alma/SFX Local Collection; EBSCOhost Business Source Complete |
| subjects | abastecimiento de agua Air. Soil. Water. Waste. Feeding approvisionnement en eau Bacteria Bacterial diseases Bacterial diseases of the digestive system and abdomen Biological and medical sciences Boiling calidad del agua Campylobacter Censuses Compliance contaminacion Contaminated water Contamination Data Collection Diarrhea Drinking water Environment. Living conditions Environmental protection Epidemics Gastroenteritis Gastroenteritis - microbiology Gastroenteritis - prevention & control Health Education Health warnings Hospitalization Households Human bacterial diseases Humans Illnesses Infections Infectious diseases Management Medical laboratories Medical sciences Missouri Natural resources Nursing homes Public health Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine qualite de l' eau Salmonella Salmonella Infections - prevention & control Salmonella Infections - transmission Salmonella typhimurium - isolation & purification salmonellose salmonellosis salmonelosis Water Microbiology water quality Water supply Water Supply - standards |
| title | A community waterborne outbreak of salmonellosis and the effectiveness of a boil water order |
| url | https://sfx.bib-bvb.de/sfx_tum?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-02-12T09%3A03%3A35IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%20community%20waterborne%20outbreak%20of%20salmonellosis%20and%20the%20effectiveness%20of%20a%20boil%20water%20order&rft.jtitle=American%20journal%20of%20public%20health%20(1971)&rft.au=Angulo,%20F%20J&rft.aucorp=Centers%20for%20Disease%20Control%20Prevention,%20Atlanta,%20GA&rft.date=1997-04-01&rft.volume=87&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=580&rft.epage=584&rft.pages=580-584&rft.issn=0090-0036&rft.eissn=1541-0048&rft.coden=AJPEAG&rft_id=info:doi/10.2105/AJPH.87.4.580&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E16508315%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&disable_directlink=true&sfx.directlink=off&sfx.report_link=0&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=215098305&rft_id=info:pmid/9146435&rfr_iscdi=true |