Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study
Abstract Objective: To determine whether cannabis use in adolescence predisposes to higher rates of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Design: Seven wave cohort study over six years. Setting: 44 schools in the Australian state of Victoria. Participants: A statewide secondary school sample of...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | BMJ 2002-11, Vol.325 (7374), p.1195-1198 |
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| creator | Patton, George C Coffey, Carolyn Carlin, John B Degenhardt, Louisa Lynskey, Michael Hall, Wayne |
| description | Abstract Objective: To determine whether cannabis use in adolescence predisposes to higher rates of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Design: Seven wave cohort study over six years. Setting: 44 schools in the Australian state of Victoria. Participants: A statewide secondary school sample of 1601 students aged 14-15 followed for seven years. Main outcome measure: Interview measure of depression and anxiety (revised clinical interview schedule) at wave 7. Results: Some 60% of participants had used cannabis by the age of 20; 7% were daily users at that point. Daily use in young women was associated with an over fivefold increase in the odds of reporting a state of depression and anxiety after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 12). Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for later depression and anxiety (1.9, 1.1 to 3.3) after adjustment for potential baseline confounders. In contrast, depression and anxiety in teenagers predicted neither later weekly nor daily cannabis use. Conclusions: Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later depression and anxiety, with daily users carrying the highest risk. Given recent increasing levels of cannabis use, measures to reduce frequent and heavy recreational use seem warranted. What is already known on this topic Frequent recreational use of cannabis has been linked to high rates of depression and anxiety in cross sectional surveys and studies of long term users Why cannabis users have higher rates of depression and anxiety is uncertain Previous longitudinal studies of cannabis use in youth have not analysed associations with frequent cannabis use What this study adds A strong association between daily use of cannabis and depression and anxiety in young women persists after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later higher rates of depression and anxiety Depression and anxiety in teenagers do not predict later cannabis use; self medication is therefore unlikely to be the reason for the association |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1195 |
| format | Article |
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Design: Seven wave cohort study over six years. Setting: 44 schools in the Australian state of Victoria. Participants: A statewide secondary school sample of 1601 students aged 14-15 followed for seven years. Main outcome measure: Interview measure of depression and anxiety (revised clinical interview schedule) at wave 7. Results: Some 60% of participants had used cannabis by the age of 20; 7% were daily users at that point. Daily use in young women was associated with an over fivefold increase in the odds of reporting a state of depression and anxiety after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 12). Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for later depression and anxiety (1.9, 1.1 to 3.3) after adjustment for potential baseline confounders. In contrast, depression and anxiety in teenagers predicted neither later weekly nor daily cannabis use. Conclusions: Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later depression and anxiety, with daily users carrying the highest risk. Given recent increasing levels of cannabis use, measures to reduce frequent and heavy recreational use seem warranted. What is already known on this topic Frequent recreational use of cannabis has been linked to high rates of depression and anxiety in cross sectional surveys and studies of long term users Why cannabis users have higher rates of depression and anxiety is uncertain Previous longitudinal studies of cannabis use in youth have not analysed associations with frequent cannabis use What this study adds A strong association between daily use of cannabis and depression and anxiety in young women persists after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later higher rates of depression and anxiety Depression and anxiety in teenagers do not predict later cannabis use; self medication is therefore unlikely to be the reason for the association</description><edition>International edition</edition><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8138</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0959-8146</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1468-5833</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1756-1833</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1195</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12446533</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BMJOAE</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>England: British Medical Journal Publishing Group</publisher><subject>Adolescence ; Adolescent ; Adolescents ; Adult ; Alcohols ; Anxiety ; Anxiety disorders ; Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology ; Anxiety Disorders - etiology ; Cannabis ; Cohort Studies ; Depressive Disorder - epidemiology ; Depressive Disorder - etiology ; Depressive disorders ; Drug use ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Marijuana ; Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology ; Marijuana Abuse - psychology ; Mental Health ; Prevalence ; Studies ; Teenagers ; Victoria - epidemiology ; Young adults</subject><ispartof>BMJ, 2002-11, Vol.325 (7374), p.1195-1198</ispartof><rights>2002 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright 2002 BMJ</rights><rights>Copyright: 2002 (c) 2002 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.</rights><rights>Copyright BMJ Publishing Group Nov 23, 2002</rights><rights>Copyright © 2002, BMJ 2002</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-b604t-9a97547ffcb08caadbd7e5943c26fff3a29e8bd8a5e1d91d0511529a9ed391d13</citedby></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/25452958$$EPDF$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.jstor.org/stable/25452958$$EHTML$$P50$$Gjstor$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,777,781,800,882,27905,27906,30980,57998,58231</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12446533$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Patton, George C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coffey, Carolyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlin, John B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Degenhardt, Louisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lynskey, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Wayne</creatorcontrib><title>Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study</title><title>BMJ</title><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><description>Abstract Objective: To determine whether cannabis use in adolescence predisposes to higher rates of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Design: Seven wave cohort study over six years. Setting: 44 schools in the Australian state of Victoria. Participants: A statewide secondary school sample of 1601 students aged 14-15 followed for seven years. Main outcome measure: Interview measure of depression and anxiety (revised clinical interview schedule) at wave 7. Results: Some 60% of participants had used cannabis by the age of 20; 7% were daily users at that point. Daily use in young women was associated with an over fivefold increase in the odds of reporting a state of depression and anxiety after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 12). Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for later depression and anxiety (1.9, 1.1 to 3.3) after adjustment for potential baseline confounders. In contrast, depression and anxiety in teenagers predicted neither later weekly nor daily cannabis use. Conclusions: Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later depression and anxiety, with daily users carrying the highest risk. Given recent increasing levels of cannabis use, measures to reduce frequent and heavy recreational use seem warranted. What is already known on this topic Frequent recreational use of cannabis has been linked to high rates of depression and anxiety in cross sectional surveys and studies of long term users Why cannabis users have higher rates of depression and anxiety is uncertain Previous longitudinal studies of cannabis use in youth have not analysed associations with frequent cannabis use What this study adds A strong association between daily use of cannabis and depression and anxiety in young women persists after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later higher rates of depression and anxiety Depression and anxiety in teenagers do not predict later cannabis use; self medication is therefore unlikely to be the reason for the association</description><subject>Adolescence</subject><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adolescents</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Alcohols</subject><subject>Anxiety</subject><subject>Anxiety disorders</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology</subject><subject>Anxiety Disorders - etiology</subject><subject>Cannabis</subject><subject>Cohort Studies</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</subject><subject>Depressive Disorder - etiology</subject><subject>Depressive disorders</subject><subject>Drug use</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Marijuana</subject><subject>Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology</subject><subject>Marijuana Abuse - psychology</subject><subject>Mental Health</subject><subject>Prevalence</subject><subject>Studies</subject><subject>Teenagers</subject><subject>Victoria - epidemiology</subject><subject>Young adults</subject><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><issn>1468-5833</issn><issn>1756-1833</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2002</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><sourceid>7QJ</sourceid><recordid>eNqFkV2L1DAUhoMo7jC7P8ALpSjslR3z_bHoxTK4s8Kq4BfehbRNdzq2zZi04vx7z9BhVgUxNyE5z5u857wIPSJ4QQiTL4pus2BULBRTHG6MuIdmhEudC83YfTTDRphcE6ZP0FlKG4wxZUobKR6iE0I5l4KxGXq5dH3viiZlY_KZ66us8_3g2mztXTuss6bPdmHsb7OtD9vWX2RlWIc4ZGkYq90pelC7Nvmzwz5Hn69ef1pe5zfvV2-Wlzd5ITEfcuOMElzVdVlgXTpXFZXywnBWUlnXNXPUeF1U2glPKkMqLAgRFFS-YnAkbI5eTe9ux6LzVQkOo2vtNjadizsbXGP_rPTN2t6GH5YwwbUB_flBH8P30afBdk0qfdu63ocxWaKVZExTAJ_-BW7CGHvozVLMMYyXKICe_QsiCpZQgmGgyESVMaQUfX20S7DdB2ghQAsB2n2Adh8gaJ783ued4hAXAI8nYJOGEI91KjjMC3Kfo3yqN2nwP491F79ZCd8I--7L0jKz-vB29VHar8A_n_i9l__7-wWEAry_</recordid><startdate>20021123</startdate><enddate>20021123</enddate><creator>Patton, George C</creator><creator>Coffey, Carolyn</creator><creator>Carlin, John B</creator><creator>Degenhardt, Louisa</creator><creator>Lynskey, Michael</creator><creator>Hall, Wayne</creator><general>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</general><general>British Medical Association</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group LTD</general><general>BMJ Publishing Group</general><general>BMJ</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>BTHHO</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7QJ</scope><scope>7TS</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20021123</creationdate><title>Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study</title><author>Patton, George C ; Coffey, Carolyn ; Carlin, John B ; Degenhardt, Louisa ; Lynskey, Michael ; Hall, Wayne</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-b604t-9a97547ffcb08caadbd7e5943c26fff3a29e8bd8a5e1d91d0511529a9ed391d13</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2002</creationdate><topic>Adolescence</topic><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adolescents</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Alcohols</topic><topic>Anxiety</topic><topic>Anxiety disorders</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology</topic><topic>Anxiety Disorders - etiology</topic><topic>Cannabis</topic><topic>Cohort Studies</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - epidemiology</topic><topic>Depressive Disorder - etiology</topic><topic>Depressive disorders</topic><topic>Drug use</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Marijuana</topic><topic>Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology</topic><topic>Marijuana Abuse - psychology</topic><topic>Mental Health</topic><topic>Prevalence</topic><topic>Studies</topic><topic>Teenagers</topic><topic>Victoria - epidemiology</topic><topic>Young adults</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Patton, George C</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Coffey, Carolyn</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Carlin, John B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Degenhardt, Louisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lynskey, Michael</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hall, Wayne</creatorcontrib><collection>Istex</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>BMJ Journals</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Applied Social Sciences Index & Abstracts (ASSIA)</collection><collection>Physical Education Index</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Patton, George C</au><au>Coffey, Carolyn</au><au>Carlin, John B</au><au>Degenhardt, Louisa</au><au>Lynskey, Michael</au><au>Hall, Wayne</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study</atitle><jtitle>BMJ</jtitle><addtitle>BMJ</addtitle><date>2002-11-23</date><risdate>2002</risdate><volume>325</volume><issue>7374</issue><spage>1195</spage><epage>1198</epage><pages>1195-1198</pages><issn>0959-8138</issn><issn>0959-8146</issn><eissn>1468-5833</eissn><eissn>1756-1833</eissn><coden>BMJOAE</coden><abstract>Abstract Objective: To determine whether cannabis use in adolescence predisposes to higher rates of depression and anxiety in young adulthood. Design: Seven wave cohort study over six years. Setting: 44 schools in the Australian state of Victoria. Participants: A statewide secondary school sample of 1601 students aged 14-15 followed for seven years. Main outcome measure: Interview measure of depression and anxiety (revised clinical interview schedule) at wave 7. Results: Some 60% of participants had used cannabis by the age of 20; 7% were daily users at that point. Daily use in young women was associated with an over fivefold increase in the odds of reporting a state of depression and anxiety after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances (odds ratio 5.6, 95% confidence interval 2.6 to 12). Weekly or more frequent cannabis use in teenagers predicted an approximately twofold increase in risk for later depression and anxiety (1.9, 1.1 to 3.3) after adjustment for potential baseline confounders. In contrast, depression and anxiety in teenagers predicted neither later weekly nor daily cannabis use. Conclusions: Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later depression and anxiety, with daily users carrying the highest risk. Given recent increasing levels of cannabis use, measures to reduce frequent and heavy recreational use seem warranted. What is already known on this topic Frequent recreational use of cannabis has been linked to high rates of depression and anxiety in cross sectional surveys and studies of long term users Why cannabis users have higher rates of depression and anxiety is uncertain Previous longitudinal studies of cannabis use in youth have not analysed associations with frequent cannabis use What this study adds A strong association between daily use of cannabis and depression and anxiety in young women persists after adjustment for intercurrent use of other substances Frequent cannabis use in teenage girls predicts later higher rates of depression and anxiety Depression and anxiety in teenagers do not predict later cannabis use; self medication is therefore unlikely to be the reason for the association</abstract><cop>England</cop><pub>British Medical Journal Publishing Group</pub><pmid>12446533</pmid><doi>10.1136/bmj.325.7374.1195</doi><tpages>4</tpages><edition>International edition</edition><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Adolescence Adolescent Adolescents Adult Alcohols Anxiety Anxiety disorders Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology Anxiety Disorders - etiology Cannabis Cohort Studies Depressive Disorder - epidemiology Depressive Disorder - etiology Depressive disorders Drug use Female Humans Male Marijuana Marijuana Abuse - epidemiology Marijuana Abuse - psychology Mental Health Prevalence Studies Teenagers Victoria - epidemiology Young adults |
| title | Cannabis use and mental health in young people: cohort study |
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