Condensed chromatin domains in the mammalian nucleus are accessible to large macromolecules
Most chromatin in interphase nuclei is part of condensed chromatin domains. Previous work has indicated that transcription takes place predominantly at the surface of chromatin domains, that is, in the perichromatin region. It is possible that genes inside chromatin domains are silenced due to inacc...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | EMBO reports 2003-09, Vol.4 (9), p.861-866 |
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| creator | Verschure, Pernette J van der Kraan, Ineke Manders, Erik M M Hoogstraten, Deborah Houtsmuller, Adriaan B van Driel, Roel |
| description | Most chromatin in interphase nuclei is part of condensed chromatin domains. Previous work has indicated that transcription takes place predominantly at the surface of chromatin domains, that is, in the perichromatin region. It is possible that genes inside chromatin domains are silenced due to inaccessibility to macromolecular components of the transcription machinery. We have tested the accessibility of chromatin domains in nuclei of living cells with proteins and dextrans of different molecular sizes. Our results show that chromatin domains are readily accessible to large macromolecules, including proteins with a molecular weight of several hundred kilodaltons. Therefore, the silencing of genes that are incorporated into such domains is not due to the physical inaccessibility of condensed chromatin domains to transcription factors. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1038/sj.embor.embor922 |
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Previous work has indicated that transcription takes place predominantly at the surface of chromatin domains, that is, in the perichromatin region. It is possible that genes inside chromatin domains are silenced due to inaccessibility to macromolecular components of the transcription machinery. We have tested the accessibility of chromatin domains in nuclei of living cells with proteins and dextrans of different molecular sizes. Our results show that chromatin domains are readily accessible to large macromolecules, including proteins with a molecular weight of several hundred kilodaltons. Therefore, the silencing of genes that are incorporated into such domains is not due to the physical inaccessibility of condensed chromatin domains to transcription factors.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1469-221X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-3178</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1469-221X</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.embor.embor922</identifier><identifier>PMID: 12947417</identifier><identifier>CODEN: ERMEAX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</publisher><subject>Cell Nucleus - metabolism ; Chromatin - metabolism ; Dextrans - metabolism ; Genes, Reporter ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Proteins ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism ; Scientific Report</subject><ispartof>EMBO reports, 2003-09, Vol.4 (9), p.861-866</ispartof><rights>European Molecular Biology Organization 2003</rights><rights>Copyright © 2003 European Molecular Biology Organization</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2003</rights><rights>Copyright © 2003, European Molecular Biology Organization 2003</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6372-a048344298fa996e2e22129afccbb36a96cebd1cfcc3272cdb8a7c3a076a51a03</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c6372-a048344298fa996e2e22129afccbb36a96cebd1cfcc3272cdb8a7c3a076a51a03</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326359/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1326359/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,1417,1433,27923,27924,45573,45574,46408,46832,53790,53792</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12947417$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Verschure, Pernette J</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van der Kraan, Ineke</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Manders, Erik M M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hoogstraten, Deborah</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Houtsmuller, Adriaan B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>van Driel, Roel</creatorcontrib><title>Condensed chromatin domains in the mammalian nucleus are accessible to large macromolecules</title><title>EMBO reports</title><addtitle>EMBO Rep</addtitle><addtitle>EMBO Rep</addtitle><description>Most chromatin in interphase nuclei is part of condensed chromatin domains. Previous work has indicated that transcription takes place predominantly at the surface of chromatin domains, that is, in the perichromatin region. It is possible that genes inside chromatin domains are silenced due to inaccessibility to macromolecular components of the transcription machinery. We have tested the accessibility of chromatin domains in nuclei of living cells with proteins and dextrans of different molecular sizes. Our results show that chromatin domains are readily accessible to large macromolecules, including proteins with a molecular weight of several hundred kilodaltons. Therefore, the silencing of genes that are incorporated into such domains is not due to the physical inaccessibility of condensed chromatin domains to transcription factors.</description><subject>Cell Nucleus - metabolism</subject><subject>Chromatin - metabolism</subject><subject>Dextrans - metabolism</subject><subject>Genes, Reporter</subject><subject>HeLa Cells</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Proteins</subject><subject>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism</subject><subject>Scientific Report</subject><issn>1469-221X</issn><issn>1469-3178</issn><issn>1469-221X</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2003</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNqNkk1v1DAQhiMEou3CD-CCIg6IyxZ_JP64IJVVWZAWkBDQlThYE2d2N4vjFDsp9N_jkmVbOFAunrHmmdfjmcmyR5QcU8LV87g9xrbqwnhqxu5kh7QQesqpVHd3PmN0eZAdxbglhJRaqvvZAWW6kAWVh9mXWedr9BHr3G5C10Lf-LxOtvExT26_wbyFtgXXgM_9YB0OMYeAOViLMTaVw7zvcgdhfUXapNE5tIPD-CC7twIX8eHOTrJPr04_zl5PF-_nb2Yni6kVXLIpkELxomBarUBrgQxTyUzDytqq4gK0sFjV1KY7Z5LZulIgLQciBZQUCJ9kL0bd86Fqsbbo-wDOnIemhXBpOmjMnxHfbMy6uzCUM8FLnQSe7gRC923A2Ju2iRadA4_dEI0sJSGS01tBqoVIg2EJfPZvsBCKl5wn1Un25C902w3Bp4YZRlRJJVMqQXSEUn9jDLja_44Sc7ULJm7Nry0wv3ch5Ty-2ZbrjN3wEyBG4Hvj8PJ2RXP69uWHUZmNiTHl-DWG65L_oxwP_RBw_9wNYDoCTezxxz4O4asRksvSnL2bG3k2Wy4X889G8Z_-LvP7</recordid><startdate>200309</startdate><enddate>200309</enddate><creator>Verschure, Pernette J</creator><creator>van der Kraan, Ineke</creator><creator>Manders, Erik M M</creator><creator>Hoogstraten, Deborah</creator><creator>Houtsmuller, Adriaan B</creator><creator>van Driel, Roel</creator><general>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</general><general>Nature Publishing Group UK</general><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><scope>BSCLL</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7T5</scope><scope>7TM</scope><scope>7TO</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88A</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8C1</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AEUYN</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200309</creationdate><title>Condensed chromatin domains in the mammalian nucleus are accessible to large macromolecules</title><author>Verschure, Pernette J ; van der Kraan, Ineke ; Manders, Erik M M ; Hoogstraten, Deborah ; Houtsmuller, Adriaan B ; van Driel, Roel</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c6372-a048344298fa996e2e22129afccbb36a96cebd1cfcc3272cdb8a7c3a076a51a03</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2003</creationdate><topic>Cell Nucleus - 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Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>EMBO reports</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Verschure, Pernette J</au><au>van der Kraan, Ineke</au><au>Manders, Erik M M</au><au>Hoogstraten, Deborah</au><au>Houtsmuller, Adriaan B</au><au>van Driel, Roel</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Condensed chromatin domains in the mammalian nucleus are accessible to large macromolecules</atitle><jtitle>EMBO reports</jtitle><stitle>EMBO Rep</stitle><addtitle>EMBO Rep</addtitle><date>2003-09</date><risdate>2003</risdate><volume>4</volume><issue>9</issue><spage>861</spage><epage>866</epage><pages>861-866</pages><issn>1469-221X</issn><eissn>1469-3178</eissn><eissn>1469-221X</eissn><coden>ERMEAX</coden><abstract>Most chromatin in interphase nuclei is part of condensed chromatin domains. Previous work has indicated that transcription takes place predominantly at the surface of chromatin domains, that is, in the perichromatin region. It is possible that genes inside chromatin domains are silenced due to inaccessibility to macromolecular components of the transcription machinery. We have tested the accessibility of chromatin domains in nuclei of living cells with proteins and dextrans of different molecular sizes. Our results show that chromatin domains are readily accessible to large macromolecules, including proteins with a molecular weight of several hundred kilodaltons. Therefore, the silencing of genes that are incorporated into such domains is not due to the physical inaccessibility of condensed chromatin domains to transcription factors.</abstract><cop>Chichester, UK</cop><pub>John Wiley & Sons, Ltd</pub><pmid>12947417</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.embor.embor922</doi><tpages>6</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| source | MEDLINE; Wiley Free Content; EZB-FREE-00999 freely available EZB journals; Wiley Online Library All Journals; PubMed Central |
| subjects | Cell Nucleus - metabolism Chromatin - metabolism Dextrans - metabolism Genes, Reporter HeLa Cells Humans Proteins Recombinant Fusion Proteins - genetics Recombinant Fusion Proteins - metabolism Scientific Report |
| title | Condensed chromatin domains in the mammalian nucleus are accessible to large macromolecules |
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