Control of the Pump Cycle in Bacteriorhodopsin: Mechanisms Elucidated by Solid-State NMR of the D85N Mutant

By varying the pH, the D85N mutant of bacteriorhodopsin provides models for several photocycle intermediates of the wild-type protein in which D85 is protonated. At pH 10.8, NMR spectra of [ζ- 15N]lys-, [12- 13C]retinal-, and [14,15- 13C]retinal-labeled D85N samples indicate a deprotonated, 13- cis,...

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