Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers
Violence in the workplace is an ill-defined and underreported concern for health care workers. The objectives of this study were to examine perceived levels of violence in the emergency department, to obtain health care workers' definitions of violence, to determine the effect of violence on he...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Canadian Medical Association journal 1999-11, Vol.161 (10), p.1245-1248 |
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| creator | Fernandes, Christopher M.B Bouthillette, France Raboud, Janet M Bullock, Linda Moore, Catherine F Christenson, James M Grafstein, Eric Rae, Sandra Ouellet, Leisa Gillrie, Clay Way, Michele |
| description | Violence in the workplace is an ill-defined and underreported concern for health care workers. The objectives of this study were to examine perceived levels of violence in the emergency department, to obtain health care workers' definitions of violence, to determine the effect of violence on health care workers and to determine coping mechanisms and potential preventive strategies.
A retrospective written survey of all 163 emergency department employees working in 1996 at an urban inner-city tertiary care centre in Vancouver. The survey elicited demographic information, personal definition of violence, severity of violence, degree of stress as a result of violence and estimate of the number of encounters with violence in the workplace in 1996. The authors examined the effects of violence on job performance and job satisfaction, and reviewed coping and potential preventive strategies.
Of the 163 staff, 106 (65%) completed the survey. A total of 68% (70/103) reported an increased frequency of violence over time, and 60% (64/106) reported an increased severity. Most of the respondents felt that violence included witnessing verbal abuse (76%) and witnessing physical threats or assaults (86%). Sixty respondents (57%) were physically assaulted in 1996. Overall, 51 respondents (48%) reported impaired job performance for the rest of the shift or the rest of the week after an incident of violence. Seventy-seven respondents (73%) were afraid of patients as a result of violence, almost half (49%) hid their identities from patients, and 78 (74%) had reduced job satisfaction. Over one-fourth of the respondents (27/101) took days off because of violence. Of the 18 respondents no longer working in the emergency department, 12 (67%) reported that they had left the job at least partly owing to violence. Twenty-four-hour security and a workshop on violence prevention strategies were felt to be the most useful potential interventions. Physical exercise, sleep and the company of family and friends were the most frequent coping strategies.
Violence in the emergency department is frequent and has a substantial effect on staff well-being and job satisfaction. |
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A retrospective written survey of all 163 emergency department employees working in 1996 at an urban inner-city tertiary care centre in Vancouver. The survey elicited demographic information, personal definition of violence, severity of violence, degree of stress as a result of violence and estimate of the number of encounters with violence in the workplace in 1996. The authors examined the effects of violence on job performance and job satisfaction, and reviewed coping and potential preventive strategies.
Of the 163 staff, 106 (65%) completed the survey. A total of 68% (70/103) reported an increased frequency of violence over time, and 60% (64/106) reported an increased severity. Most of the respondents felt that violence included witnessing verbal abuse (76%) and witnessing physical threats or assaults (86%). Sixty respondents (57%) were physically assaulted in 1996. Overall, 51 respondents (48%) reported impaired job performance for the rest of the shift or the rest of the week after an incident of violence. Seventy-seven respondents (73%) were afraid of patients as a result of violence, almost half (49%) hid their identities from patients, and 78 (74%) had reduced job satisfaction. Over one-fourth of the respondents (27/101) took days off because of violence. Of the 18 respondents no longer working in the emergency department, 12 (67%) reported that they had left the job at least partly owing to violence. Twenty-four-hour security and a workshop on violence prevention strategies were felt to be the most useful potential interventions. Physical exercise, sleep and the company of family and friends were the most frequent coping strategies.
Violence in the emergency department is frequent and has a substantial effect on staff well-being and job satisfaction.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0008-4409</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 0820-3946</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1488-2329</identifier><identifier>PMID: 10584084</identifier><identifier>CODEN: CMAJAX</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Canada: Can Med Assoc</publisher><subject>Adaptation, Psychological ; Adult ; Aggression ; Attitude of Health Personnel ; Attitude to Health ; British Columbia - epidemiology ; Efficiency ; Emergency Service, Hospital ; Emergency services ; Evidence ; Exercise ; Female ; Hospitals ; Hospitals, Urban ; Humans ; Incidence ; Interpersonal Relations ; Job Satisfaction ; Male ; Medical personnel ; Occupational Health ; Personnel Turnover ; Personnel, Hospital ; Polls & surveys ; Professional-Patient Relations ; Retrospective Studies ; Security Measures ; Sleep ; Stress, Physiological - epidemiology ; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology ; Violence - prevention & control ; Violence - statistics & numerical data ; Workplace ; Workplace violence</subject><ispartof>Canadian Medical Association journal, 1999-11, Vol.161 (10), p.1245-1248</ispartof><rights>Copyright Canadian Medical Association Nov 16, 1999</rights><rights>1999 Canadian Medical Association 1999</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1230785/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1230785/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,53770,53772</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10584084$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, Christopher M.B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouthillette, France</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raboud, Janet M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bullock, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Catherine F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christenson, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grafstein, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rae, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouellet, Leisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillrie, Clay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Way, Michele</creatorcontrib><title>Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers</title><title>Canadian Medical Association journal</title><addtitle>CMAJ</addtitle><description>Violence in the workplace is an ill-defined and underreported concern for health care workers. The objectives of this study were to examine perceived levels of violence in the emergency department, to obtain health care workers' definitions of violence, to determine the effect of violence on health care workers and to determine coping mechanisms and potential preventive strategies.
A retrospective written survey of all 163 emergency department employees working in 1996 at an urban inner-city tertiary care centre in Vancouver. The survey elicited demographic information, personal definition of violence, severity of violence, degree of stress as a result of violence and estimate of the number of encounters with violence in the workplace in 1996. The authors examined the effects of violence on job performance and job satisfaction, and reviewed coping and potential preventive strategies.
Of the 163 staff, 106 (65%) completed the survey. A total of 68% (70/103) reported an increased frequency of violence over time, and 60% (64/106) reported an increased severity. Most of the respondents felt that violence included witnessing verbal abuse (76%) and witnessing physical threats or assaults (86%). Sixty respondents (57%) were physically assaulted in 1996. Overall, 51 respondents (48%) reported impaired job performance for the rest of the shift or the rest of the week after an incident of violence. Seventy-seven respondents (73%) were afraid of patients as a result of violence, almost half (49%) hid their identities from patients, and 78 (74%) had reduced job satisfaction. Over one-fourth of the respondents (27/101) took days off because of violence. Of the 18 respondents no longer working in the emergency department, 12 (67%) reported that they had left the job at least partly owing to violence. Twenty-four-hour security and a workshop on violence prevention strategies were felt to be the most useful potential interventions. Physical exercise, sleep and the company of family and friends were the most frequent coping strategies.
Violence in the emergency department is frequent and has a substantial effect on staff well-being and job satisfaction.</description><subject>Adaptation, Psychological</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aggression</subject><subject>Attitude of Health Personnel</subject><subject>Attitude to Health</subject><subject>British Columbia - epidemiology</subject><subject>Efficiency</subject><subject>Emergency Service, Hospital</subject><subject>Emergency services</subject><subject>Evidence</subject><subject>Exercise</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Hospitals</subject><subject>Hospitals, Urban</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Incidence</subject><subject>Interpersonal Relations</subject><subject>Job Satisfaction</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medical personnel</subject><subject>Occupational Health</subject><subject>Personnel Turnover</subject><subject>Personnel, Hospital</subject><subject>Polls & surveys</subject><subject>Professional-Patient Relations</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Security Measures</subject><subject>Sleep</subject><subject>Stress, Physiological - epidemiology</subject><subject>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</subject><subject>Violence - prevention & control</subject><subject>Violence - statistics & numerical data</subject><subject>Workplace</subject><subject>Workplace violence</subject><issn>0008-4409</issn><issn>0820-3946</issn><issn>1488-2329</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>1999</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><sourceid>8G5</sourceid><sourceid>ABUWG</sourceid><sourceid>AFKRA</sourceid><sourceid>AZQEC</sourceid><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><sourceid>CCPQU</sourceid><sourceid>DWQXO</sourceid><sourceid>GNUQQ</sourceid><sourceid>GUQSH</sourceid><sourceid>M2O</sourceid><recordid>eNpdkN1LwzAUxYMobk7_BQk-iC-FfHVLfBBkzA8Y-DJ8DWl7u2am7Uzalf33BjZFfbpw7o9zzz0naEyFlAnjTJ2iMSFEJkIQNUIXIWwIiToR52hESSoFkWKMFu-2ddDkgG2Duwow1ODXUdjjArbGdzU03T02OPR-B3vclrgC47oK58YDHlr_AT5corPSuABXxzlBq6fFav6SLN-eX-ePy6TijHWJykomSzYtlJQpL6eZoalRjBFJZCEhZ0qInIBSguaCGkKMAJ5xIjKWAqd8gh4Otts-q6HIYzRvnN56Wxu_162x-u-msZVetztNGSezeHKCbo8Gvv3sIXS6tiEH50wDbR_0VHHOaCoiePMP3LS9b-JvOjYoaTqTswhd_47zk-O73QjcHYDKrqvBetChNs5FnOphGOiURjaGEyn_An1mhE4</recordid><startdate>19991116</startdate><enddate>19991116</enddate><creator>Fernandes, Christopher M.B</creator><creator>Bouthillette, France</creator><creator>Raboud, Janet M</creator><creator>Bullock, Linda</creator><creator>Moore, Catherine F</creator><creator>Christenson, James M</creator><creator>Grafstein, Eric</creator><creator>Rae, Sandra</creator><creator>Ouellet, Leisa</creator><creator>Gillrie, Clay</creator><creator>Way, Michele</creator><general>Can Med Assoc</general><general>CMA Impact, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>19991116</creationdate><title>Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers</title><author>Fernandes, Christopher M.B ; Bouthillette, France ; Raboud, Janet M ; Bullock, Linda ; Moore, Catherine F ; Christenson, James M ; Grafstein, Eric ; Rae, Sandra ; Ouellet, Leisa ; Gillrie, Clay ; Way, Michele</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-h322t-9bf28f26d98853f6ba15a9220808d8ec2944c0e9941c41a00a4e3b304b25e313</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>1999</creationdate><topic>Adaptation, Psychological</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aggression</topic><topic>Attitude of Health Personnel</topic><topic>Attitude to Health</topic><topic>British Columbia - epidemiology</topic><topic>Efficiency</topic><topic>Emergency Service, Hospital</topic><topic>Emergency services</topic><topic>Evidence</topic><topic>Exercise</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Hospitals</topic><topic>Hospitals, Urban</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Incidence</topic><topic>Interpersonal Relations</topic><topic>Job Satisfaction</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medical personnel</topic><topic>Occupational Health</topic><topic>Personnel Turnover</topic><topic>Personnel, Hospital</topic><topic>Polls & surveys</topic><topic>Professional-Patient Relations</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Security Measures</topic><topic>Sleep</topic><topic>Stress, Physiological - epidemiology</topic><topic>Stress, Psychological - epidemiology</topic><topic>Violence - prevention & control</topic><topic>Violence - statistics & numerical data</topic><topic>Workplace</topic><topic>Workplace violence</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Fernandes, Christopher M.B</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bouthillette, France</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Raboud, Janet M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bullock, Linda</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Moore, Catherine F</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Christenson, James M</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grafstein, Eric</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Rae, Sandra</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Ouellet, Leisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Gillrie, Clay</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Way, Michele</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central UK/Ireland</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Psychology</collection><collection>Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database</collection><collection>CBCA Reference & Current Events</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Canadian Medical Association journal</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Fernandes, Christopher M.B</au><au>Bouthillette, France</au><au>Raboud, Janet M</au><au>Bullock, Linda</au><au>Moore, Catherine F</au><au>Christenson, James M</au><au>Grafstein, Eric</au><au>Rae, Sandra</au><au>Ouellet, Leisa</au><au>Gillrie, Clay</au><au>Way, Michele</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers</atitle><jtitle>Canadian Medical Association journal</jtitle><addtitle>CMAJ</addtitle><date>1999-11-16</date><risdate>1999</risdate><volume>161</volume><issue>10</issue><spage>1245</spage><epage>1248</epage><pages>1245-1248</pages><issn>0008-4409</issn><issn>0820-3946</issn><eissn>1488-2329</eissn><coden>CMAJAX</coden><abstract>Violence in the workplace is an ill-defined and underreported concern for health care workers. The objectives of this study were to examine perceived levels of violence in the emergency department, to obtain health care workers' definitions of violence, to determine the effect of violence on health care workers and to determine coping mechanisms and potential preventive strategies.
A retrospective written survey of all 163 emergency department employees working in 1996 at an urban inner-city tertiary care centre in Vancouver. The survey elicited demographic information, personal definition of violence, severity of violence, degree of stress as a result of violence and estimate of the number of encounters with violence in the workplace in 1996. The authors examined the effects of violence on job performance and job satisfaction, and reviewed coping and potential preventive strategies.
Of the 163 staff, 106 (65%) completed the survey. A total of 68% (70/103) reported an increased frequency of violence over time, and 60% (64/106) reported an increased severity. Most of the respondents felt that violence included witnessing verbal abuse (76%) and witnessing physical threats or assaults (86%). Sixty respondents (57%) were physically assaulted in 1996. Overall, 51 respondents (48%) reported impaired job performance for the rest of the shift or the rest of the week after an incident of violence. Seventy-seven respondents (73%) were afraid of patients as a result of violence, almost half (49%) hid their identities from patients, and 78 (74%) had reduced job satisfaction. Over one-fourth of the respondents (27/101) took days off because of violence. Of the 18 respondents no longer working in the emergency department, 12 (67%) reported that they had left the job at least partly owing to violence. Twenty-four-hour security and a workshop on violence prevention strategies were felt to be the most useful potential interventions. Physical exercise, sleep and the company of family and friends were the most frequent coping strategies.
Violence in the emergency department is frequent and has a substantial effect on staff well-being and job satisfaction.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>Can Med Assoc</pub><pmid>10584084</pmid><tpages>4</tpages></addata></record> |
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| ispartof | Canadian Medical Association journal, 1999-11, Vol.161 (10), p.1245-1248 |
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| subjects | Adaptation, Psychological Adult Aggression Attitude of Health Personnel Attitude to Health British Columbia - epidemiology Efficiency Emergency Service, Hospital Emergency services Evidence Exercise Female Hospitals Hospitals, Urban Humans Incidence Interpersonal Relations Job Satisfaction Male Medical personnel Occupational Health Personnel Turnover Personnel, Hospital Polls & surveys Professional-Patient Relations Retrospective Studies Security Measures Sleep Stress, Physiological - epidemiology Stress, Psychological - epidemiology Violence - prevention & control Violence - statistics & numerical data Workplace Workplace violence |
| title | Violence in the emergency department: a survey of health care workers |
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