The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology

Purpose Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic procedure which facilitates the differentiation of salivary gland lesions. Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Sali...

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Veröffentlicht in:Head & neck pathology (Totowa, N.J.) N.J.), 2025-01, Vol.19 (1), p.1, Article 1
Hauptverfasser: Mayer, Marcel, Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan, Möllenhoff, Kathrin, Engels, Marianne, Arolt, Christoph, Quaas, Alexander, Wolber, Philipp, Jansen, Louis, Nachtsheim, Lisa, Grosheva, Maria, Klussmann, Jens Peter, Shabli, Sami
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container_title Head & neck pathology (Totowa, N.J.)
container_volume 19
creator Mayer, Marcel
Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan
Möllenhoff, Kathrin
Engels, Marianne
Arolt, Christoph
Quaas, Alexander
Wolber, Philipp
Jansen, Louis
Nachtsheim, Lisa
Grosheva, Maria
Klussmann, Jens Peter
Shabli, Sami
description Purpose Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic procedure which facilitates the differentiation of salivary gland lesions. Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), the range of the reported performance is still wide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine lesion- and sampling-related factors that influence the success of SG-FNAC. Methods All SG-FNAC cases performed in a tertiary referral hospital between September 1st, 2011, and August 31st, 2022, were retrospectively identified. Demographic, histopathological, lesion-specific, and sampling-related data were retrieved from the clinical charts. Cytopathological reports were categorized according to the MSRSGC. The risk of malignancy (ROM), the performance measures, and factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC were calculated. Results Overall, 1289 cases with histopathological follow-up diagnosis (out of 1952 SG-FNACs) were included. The ROM was: non-diagnostic = 23.9%, non-neoplastic = 4.4%, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) = 34.5%, neoplasm-benign = 1.0%, neoplasm-salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) = 15.3%, suspicious for malignancy = 74.1%, malignant = 96.2%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign from malignant lesions (excluding lesions categorized as AUS and SUMP) were 87.5%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 85.0%, and 98.1%, respectively. A larger lesion size (OR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.06–1.39), p = 0.004), a higher number of obtained slides (OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.17–1.46), p 
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s12105-024-01741-3
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Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), the range of the reported performance is still wide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine lesion- and sampling-related factors that influence the success of SG-FNAC. Methods All SG-FNAC cases performed in a tertiary referral hospital between September 1st, 2011, and August 31st, 2022, were retrospectively identified. Demographic, histopathological, lesion-specific, and sampling-related data were retrieved from the clinical charts. Cytopathological reports were categorized according to the MSRSGC. The risk of malignancy (ROM), the performance measures, and factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC were calculated. Results Overall, 1289 cases with histopathological follow-up diagnosis (out of 1952 SG-FNACs) were included. The ROM was: non-diagnostic = 23.9%, non-neoplastic = 4.4%, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) = 34.5%, neoplasm-benign = 1.0%, neoplasm-salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) = 15.3%, suspicious for malignancy = 74.1%, malignant = 96.2%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign from malignant lesions (excluding lesions categorized as AUS and SUMP) were 87.5%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 85.0%, and 98.1%, respectively. A larger lesion size (OR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.06–1.39), p = 0.004), a higher number of obtained slides (OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.17–1.46), p &lt; 0.001), and the physician performing the FNAC (p = 0.047) were independent predictors for a higher success, while localization of the lesion within the submandibular compared to the parotid gland (OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.19–0.77), p = 0.008) was an independent predictor for lower success of SG-FNAC. Conclusion This is the largest single-center study evaluating SG-FNAC performance to date. It identified independent lesion-and sampling-related factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC. Knowledge of those can improve performance of the procedure.</description><identifier>ISSN: 1936-0568</identifier><identifier>ISSN: 1936-055X</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1936-0568</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1007/s12105-024-01741-3</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39775177</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>New York: Springer US</publisher><subject>Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Dentistry ; Female ; Humans ; Image-Guided Biopsy - methods ; Male ; Medicine ; Medicine &amp; Public Health ; Middle Aged ; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery ; Otorhinolaryngology ; Pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms - diagnosis ; Salivary Gland Neoplasms - pathology ; Salivary Glands - pathology ; Young Adult</subject><ispartof>Head &amp; neck pathology (Totowa, N.J.), 2025-01, Vol.19 (1), p.1, Article 1</ispartof><rights>The Author(s) 2024</rights><rights>2024. The Author(s).</rights><rights>The Author(s) 2024 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c1993-2c4320d79f5d4e48413b7698d77b35f7eea33615756dfad4428adac898418d5d3</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s12105-024-01741-3$$EPDF$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://link.springer.com/10.1007/s12105-024-01741-3$$EHTML$$P50$$Gspringer$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,776,780,881,27901,27902,41464,42533,51294</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39775177$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Mayer, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Möllenhoff, Kathrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engels, Marianne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arolt, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quaas, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolber, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jansen, Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nachtsheim, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grosheva, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klussmann, Jens Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabli, Sami</creatorcontrib><title>The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology</title><title>Head &amp; neck pathology (Totowa, N.J.)</title><addtitle>Head and Neck Pathol</addtitle><addtitle>Head Neck Pathol</addtitle><description>Purpose Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic procedure which facilitates the differentiation of salivary gland lesions. Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), the range of the reported performance is still wide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine lesion- and sampling-related factors that influence the success of SG-FNAC. Methods All SG-FNAC cases performed in a tertiary referral hospital between September 1st, 2011, and August 31st, 2022, were retrospectively identified. Demographic, histopathological, lesion-specific, and sampling-related data were retrieved from the clinical charts. Cytopathological reports were categorized according to the MSRSGC. The risk of malignancy (ROM), the performance measures, and factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC were calculated. Results Overall, 1289 cases with histopathological follow-up diagnosis (out of 1952 SG-FNACs) were included. The ROM was: non-diagnostic = 23.9%, non-neoplastic = 4.4%, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) = 34.5%, neoplasm-benign = 1.0%, neoplasm-salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) = 15.3%, suspicious for malignancy = 74.1%, malignant = 96.2%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign from malignant lesions (excluding lesions categorized as AUS and SUMP) were 87.5%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 85.0%, and 98.1%, respectively. A larger lesion size (OR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.06–1.39), p = 0.004), a higher number of obtained slides (OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.17–1.46), p &lt; 0.001), and the physician performing the FNAC (p = 0.047) were independent predictors for a higher success, while localization of the lesion within the submandibular compared to the parotid gland (OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.19–0.77), p = 0.008) was an independent predictor for lower success of SG-FNAC. Conclusion This is the largest single-center study evaluating SG-FNAC performance to date. It identified independent lesion-and sampling-related factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC. Knowledge of those can improve performance of the procedure.</description><subject>Adolescent</subject><subject>Adult</subject><subject>Aged</subject><subject>Aged, 80 and over</subject><subject>Biopsy, Fine-Needle</subject><subject>Child</subject><subject>Child, Preschool</subject><subject>Dentistry</subject><subject>Female</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Image-Guided Biopsy - methods</subject><subject>Male</subject><subject>Medicine</subject><subject>Medicine &amp; Public Health</subject><subject>Middle Aged</subject><subject>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</subject><subject>Otorhinolaryngology</subject><subject>Pathology</subject><subject>Retrospective Studies</subject><subject>Salivary Gland Neoplasms - diagnosis</subject><subject>Salivary Gland Neoplasms - pathology</subject><subject>Salivary Glands - pathology</subject><subject>Young Adult</subject><issn>1936-0568</issn><issn>1936-055X</issn><issn>1936-0568</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2025</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>C6C</sourceid><sourceid>EIF</sourceid><recordid>eNp9kUFv3CAQhVHVqEm2_QM9VBx7IQWDjX2qolU3jbRqpGx6RiyMN0QYXLBT7b8vm02j9NLTIM17b4b5EPrI6AWjVH7JrGK0JrQShDIpGOFv0BnreENo3bRvX71P0XnOD5Q2VAr6Dp3yTsqaSXmGft_dA74eRm0mHHu8huxiIJsRjOudwTpYvNHD6F3YkVvwegKLV0UcU8Yx4M1sDOR8sG60d4867fGVP7hWLgD5AWA94Ms8uqSnkoyX-yn6uNu_Rye99hk-PNcF-rn6drf8TtY3V9fLyzUxrOs4qYzgFbWy62srQLSC8a1sutZKueV1LwE05w2rZd3YXlshqlZbbdquKFtbW75AX4-547wdwBoIU9JejckNZVcVtVP_doK7V7v4qBiTVFYVLQmfnxNS_DVDntTgsgFffglxzoqzmreyoeXYC1QdpSbFnBP0L3MYVQdk6ohMFWTqCZnixfTp9YYvlr-MioAfBbm0wg6SeohzCuVq_4v9A6DtosQ</recordid><startdate>20250107</startdate><enddate>20250107</enddate><creator>Mayer, Marcel</creator><creator>Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan</creator><creator>Möllenhoff, Kathrin</creator><creator>Engels, Marianne</creator><creator>Arolt, Christoph</creator><creator>Quaas, Alexander</creator><creator>Wolber, Philipp</creator><creator>Jansen, Louis</creator><creator>Nachtsheim, Lisa</creator><creator>Grosheva, Maria</creator><creator>Klussmann, Jens Peter</creator><creator>Shabli, Sami</creator><general>Springer US</general><scope>C6C</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20250107</creationdate><title>The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology</title><author>Mayer, Marcel ; Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan ; Möllenhoff, Kathrin ; Engels, Marianne ; Arolt, Christoph ; Quaas, Alexander ; Wolber, Philipp ; Jansen, Louis ; Nachtsheim, Lisa ; Grosheva, Maria ; Klussmann, Jens Peter ; Shabli, Sami</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c1993-2c4320d79f5d4e48413b7698d77b35f7eea33615756dfad4428adac898418d5d3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2025</creationdate><topic>Adolescent</topic><topic>Adult</topic><topic>Aged</topic><topic>Aged, 80 and over</topic><topic>Biopsy, Fine-Needle</topic><topic>Child</topic><topic>Child, Preschool</topic><topic>Dentistry</topic><topic>Female</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Image-Guided Biopsy - methods</topic><topic>Male</topic><topic>Medicine</topic><topic>Medicine &amp; Public Health</topic><topic>Middle Aged</topic><topic>Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery</topic><topic>Otorhinolaryngology</topic><topic>Pathology</topic><topic>Retrospective Studies</topic><topic>Salivary Gland Neoplasms - diagnosis</topic><topic>Salivary Gland Neoplasms - pathology</topic><topic>Salivary Glands - pathology</topic><topic>Young Adult</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Mayer, Marcel</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Möllenhoff, Kathrin</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Engels, Marianne</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Arolt, Christoph</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Quaas, Alexander</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wolber, Philipp</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Jansen, Louis</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Nachtsheim, Lisa</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Grosheva, Maria</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Klussmann, Jens Peter</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shabli, Sami</creatorcontrib><collection>Springer Nature OA Free Journals</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Head &amp; neck pathology (Totowa, N.J.)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Mayer, Marcel</au><au>Alfarra, Mohammad Marwan</au><au>Möllenhoff, Kathrin</au><au>Engels, Marianne</au><au>Arolt, Christoph</au><au>Quaas, Alexander</au><au>Wolber, Philipp</au><au>Jansen, Louis</au><au>Nachtsheim, Lisa</au><au>Grosheva, Maria</au><au>Klussmann, Jens Peter</au><au>Shabli, Sami</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology</atitle><jtitle>Head &amp; neck pathology (Totowa, N.J.)</jtitle><stitle>Head and Neck Pathol</stitle><addtitle>Head Neck Pathol</addtitle><date>2025-01-07</date><risdate>2025</risdate><volume>19</volume><issue>1</issue><spage>1</spage><pages>1-</pages><artnum>1</artnum><issn>1936-0568</issn><issn>1936-055X</issn><eissn>1936-0568</eissn><abstract>Purpose Ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a widely used diagnostic procedure which facilitates the differentiation of salivary gland lesions. Although the performance of salivary gland FNAC (SG-FNAC) has improved since the introduction of the Milan System for Reporting Salivary Gland Cytopathology (MSRSGC), the range of the reported performance is still wide. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine lesion- and sampling-related factors that influence the success of SG-FNAC. Methods All SG-FNAC cases performed in a tertiary referral hospital between September 1st, 2011, and August 31st, 2022, were retrospectively identified. Demographic, histopathological, lesion-specific, and sampling-related data were retrieved from the clinical charts. Cytopathological reports were categorized according to the MSRSGC. The risk of malignancy (ROM), the performance measures, and factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC were calculated. Results Overall, 1289 cases with histopathological follow-up diagnosis (out of 1952 SG-FNACs) were included. The ROM was: non-diagnostic = 23.9%, non-neoplastic = 4.4%, atypia of undetermined significance (AUS) = 34.5%, neoplasm-benign = 1.0%, neoplasm-salivary gland neoplasm of uncertain malignant potential (SUMP) = 15.3%, suspicious for malignancy = 74.1%, malignant = 96.2%. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive, and negative predictive value for differentiating benign from malignant lesions (excluding lesions categorized as AUS and SUMP) were 87.5%, 97.7%, 96.3%, 85.0%, and 98.1%, respectively. A larger lesion size (OR (95% CI) = 1.21 (1.06–1.39), p = 0.004), a higher number of obtained slides (OR (95% CI) = 1.31 (1.17–1.46), p &lt; 0.001), and the physician performing the FNAC (p = 0.047) were independent predictors for a higher success, while localization of the lesion within the submandibular compared to the parotid gland (OR (95% CI) = 0.38 (0.19–0.77), p = 0.008) was an independent predictor for lower success of SG-FNAC. Conclusion This is the largest single-center study evaluating SG-FNAC performance to date. It identified independent lesion-and sampling-related factors influencing the success of SG-FNAC. Knowledge of those can improve performance of the procedure.</abstract><cop>New York</cop><pub>Springer US</pub><pmid>39775177</pmid><doi>10.1007/s12105-024-01741-3</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
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subjects Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Biopsy, Fine-Needle
Child
Child, Preschool
Dentistry
Female
Humans
Image-Guided Biopsy - methods
Male
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Middle Aged
Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Otorhinolaryngology
Pathology
Retrospective Studies
Salivary Gland Neoplasms - diagnosis
Salivary Gland Neoplasms - pathology
Salivary Glands - pathology
Young Adult
title The Impact of Lesion-Specific and Sampling-Related Factors on Success of Salivary Gland Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
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