Lignin Particle Size Affects the Properties of PLA Composites Prepared by In Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization
The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of biobased lignin-poly(lactic) acid (PLA) composites. Organosolv lignin, extracted from beechwood, was used as a filler at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt% loadings, with ultrasonication reducing the lignin particle size to ~700 nm. The PLA-lignin...
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| Veröffentlicht in: | Polymers 2024-12, Vol.16 (24), p.3542 |
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| creator | Makri, Sofia P Xanthopoulou, Eleftheria Klonos, Panagiotis A Grigoropoulos, Alexios Kyritsis, Apostolos Deligkiozi, Ioanna Zoikis-Karathanasis, Alexandros Nikolaidis, Nikolaos Bikiaris, Dimitrios Terzopoulou, Zoi |
| description | The present work focuses on the synthesis and characterization of biobased lignin-poly(lactic) acid (PLA) composites. Organosolv lignin, extracted from beechwood, was used as a filler at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt% loadings, with ultrasonication reducing the lignin particle size to ~700 nm. The PLA-lignin composites were prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the presence of lignin. This method ensured uniform lignin dispersion in the PLA matrix due to grafting of PLA chains onto lignin particles, preventing aggregation. Strong polymer-filler interactions were confirmed through spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and XPS) and their effects on static and dynamic glass transitions (DSC). These interactions enhanced mechanical properties, including a two-fold increase in tensile strength and elongation at 1 wt% lignin. Crystallization was suppressed due to shorter PLA chains, and a 15% drop in dynamical fragility was observed via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Antioxidant activity improved significantly, with PLA-2.5% ultrasonicated organosolv lignin reducing DPPH• content to 7% after 8 h, while UV-blocking capability increased with lignin content. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.3390/polym16243542 |
| format | Article |
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Organosolv lignin, extracted from beechwood, was used as a filler at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt% loadings, with ultrasonication reducing the lignin particle size to ~700 nm. The PLA-lignin composites were prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the presence of lignin. This method ensured uniform lignin dispersion in the PLA matrix due to grafting of PLA chains onto lignin particles, preventing aggregation. Strong polymer-filler interactions were confirmed through spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and XPS) and their effects on static and dynamic glass transitions (DSC). These interactions enhanced mechanical properties, including a two-fold increase in tensile strength and elongation at 1 wt% lignin. Crystallization was suppressed due to shorter PLA chains, and a 15% drop in dynamical fragility was observed via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Antioxidant activity improved significantly, with PLA-2.5% ultrasonicated organosolv lignin reducing DPPH• content to 7% after 8 h, while UV-blocking capability increased with lignin content.</description><identifier>ISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 2073-4360</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.3390/polym16243542</identifier><identifier>PMID: 39771392</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Switzerland: MDPI AG</publisher><subject>Antioxidants ; Biomass ; Broadband ; Cellulose ; Chemical properties ; Chemical synthesis ; Composite materials ; Crystallization ; Fillers ; Fourier transforms ; Fragility ; Lignin ; Mechanical properties ; Microscopy ; Molecular weight ; Nanoparticles ; NMR ; Nuclear magnetic resonance ; Particle size ; Polymerization ; Polymers ; Ring opening polymerization ; Sustainable materials ; Tensile strength ; Viscosity ; X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><ispartof>Polymers, 2024-12, Vol.16 (24), p.3542</ispartof><rights>COPYRIGHT 2024 MDPI AG</rights><rights>2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). 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Organosolv lignin, extracted from beechwood, was used as a filler at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt% loadings, with ultrasonication reducing the lignin particle size to ~700 nm. The PLA-lignin composites were prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the presence of lignin. This method ensured uniform lignin dispersion in the PLA matrix due to grafting of PLA chains onto lignin particles, preventing aggregation. Strong polymer-filler interactions were confirmed through spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and XPS) and their effects on static and dynamic glass transitions (DSC). These interactions enhanced mechanical properties, including a two-fold increase in tensile strength and elongation at 1 wt% lignin. Crystallization was suppressed due to shorter PLA chains, and a 15% drop in dynamical fragility was observed via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Antioxidant activity improved significantly, with PLA-2.5% ultrasonicated organosolv lignin reducing DPPH• content to 7% after 8 h, while UV-blocking capability increased with lignin content.</description><subject>Antioxidants</subject><subject>Biomass</subject><subject>Broadband</subject><subject>Cellulose</subject><subject>Chemical properties</subject><subject>Chemical synthesis</subject><subject>Composite materials</subject><subject>Crystallization</subject><subject>Fillers</subject><subject>Fourier transforms</subject><subject>Fragility</subject><subject>Lignin</subject><subject>Mechanical properties</subject><subject>Microscopy</subject><subject>Molecular weight</subject><subject>Nanoparticles</subject><subject>NMR</subject><subject>Nuclear magnetic resonance</subject><subject>Particle size</subject><subject>Polymerization</subject><subject>Polymers</subject><subject>Ring opening polymerization</subject><subject>Sustainable materials</subject><subject>Tensile strength</subject><subject>Viscosity</subject><subject>X ray photoelectron spectroscopy</subject><issn>2073-4360</issn><issn>2073-4360</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><sourceid>BENPR</sourceid><recordid>eNptkk1r3DAQhkVpaMI2x16LoJdenFoflq1TWZamDSzEpO1ZaOWRo2BLrmQXNr8-WpKm2VJdJGaeeUfvMAi9I-UFY7L8NIVhPxJBOas4fYXOaFmzgjNRvn7xPkXnKd2V-fBKCFK_QadM1jVhkp6hcet67zxudZydGQB_d_eA19aCmROebwG3MUyQk5BwsLjdrvEmjFNIbs6RNsKkI3R4t8dXPhfPC75xvi-uJ8iyPW4PP4To7vXsgn-LTqweEpw_3Sv08_LLj823Ynv99Wqz3haGCTkXQhvLOyFYwwkljQVrWEUtZSXRwhKpje50RyrCOihrAR2rTFPtiLS646KhbIU-P-pOy26EzoCfox7UFN2o414F7dRxxrtb1YffihBRN02ezQp9fFKI4dcCaVajSwaGQXsIS1KMVKypKZdVRj_8g96FJfrsL1Nc1lyWkvylej2Act6G3NgcRNW6oUSSmmbDK3TxH-rgF0ZnggfrcvyooHgsMDGkFME-mySlOuyIOtqRzL9_OZln-s9GsAdZa7d9</recordid><startdate>20241219</startdate><enddate>20241219</enddate><creator>Makri, Sofia P</creator><creator>Xanthopoulou, Eleftheria</creator><creator>Klonos, Panagiotis A</creator><creator>Grigoropoulos, Alexios</creator><creator>Kyritsis, Apostolos</creator><creator>Deligkiozi, Ioanna</creator><creator>Zoikis-Karathanasis, Alexandros</creator><creator>Nikolaidis, Nikolaos</creator><creator>Bikiaris, Dimitrios</creator><creator>Terzopoulou, Zoi</creator><general>MDPI AG</general><general>MDPI</general><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>7SR</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FG</scope><scope>ABJCF</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BGLVJ</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>D1I</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>JG9</scope><scope>KB.</scope><scope>PDBOC</scope><scope>PIMPY</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-612X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-7052</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-2145</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-4952</orcidid></search><sort><creationdate>20241219</creationdate><title>Lignin Particle Size Affects the Properties of PLA Composites Prepared by In Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization</title><author>Makri, Sofia P ; 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Organosolv lignin, extracted from beechwood, was used as a filler at 0.5, 1.0, and 2.5 wt% loadings, with ultrasonication reducing the lignin particle size to ~700 nm. The PLA-lignin composites were prepared via in situ ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of L-lactide in the presence of lignin. This method ensured uniform lignin dispersion in the PLA matrix due to grafting of PLA chains onto lignin particles, preventing aggregation. Strong polymer-filler interactions were confirmed through spectroscopic analysis (FTIR and XPS) and their effects on static and dynamic glass transitions (DSC). These interactions enhanced mechanical properties, including a two-fold increase in tensile strength and elongation at 1 wt% lignin. Crystallization was suppressed due to shorter PLA chains, and a 15% drop in dynamical fragility was observed via Broadband Dielectric Spectroscopy (BDS). Antioxidant activity improved significantly, with PLA-2.5% ultrasonicated organosolv lignin reducing DPPH• content to 7% after 8 h, while UV-blocking capability increased with lignin content.</abstract><cop>Switzerland</cop><pub>MDPI AG</pub><pmid>39771392</pmid><doi>10.3390/polym16243542</doi><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7222-612X</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-7052</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7935-2145</orcidid><orcidid>https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8458-4952</orcidid><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| subjects | Antioxidants Biomass Broadband Cellulose Chemical properties Chemical synthesis Composite materials Crystallization Fillers Fourier transforms Fragility Lignin Mechanical properties Microscopy Molecular weight Nanoparticles NMR Nuclear magnetic resonance Particle size Polymerization Polymers Ring opening polymerization Sustainable materials Tensile strength Viscosity X ray photoelectron spectroscopy |
| title | Lignin Particle Size Affects the Properties of PLA Composites Prepared by In Situ Ring-Opening Polymerization |
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